JavaWeb学习
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Reponse(需要掌握)
重定向:将这个请求,转换到另一个地址
//通过响应对象重定向页面 resp.sendRedirect("404.jsp");
ServletContext
- web容器在启动时,他会为每个web应用程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext对象,他代表当前web应用。
- 多个Servlet通过ServletContext对象实现数据共享
- 获取web应用的初始化参数
- 用ServletContexthi实现请求转发
- 利用ServletContext对象读取资源文件
例一,通过ServletContext对象读取网站配置文件
1,新建一个database.properties文件
driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver username=root password=123456 url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/smbms
2,编写servlet类
package com.kuang.servlet; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Properties; //读取properties配置文件 public class ServletDemo03 extends HttpServlet @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException doPost(req,resp); @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException //读取配置文件 //1.获得配置文件的路径 String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/resources/database.properties"); System.out.println("取得的路径为:"+realPath); Properties properties = new Properties(); FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(realPath); properties.load(is);//把文件流加载到配置文件的对象中; String driver = properties.getProperty("driver"); String username = properties.getProperty("username"); String password = properties.getProperty("password"); String url = properties.getProperty("url"); //响应到网页 resp.getWriter().println(driver); resp.getWriter().println(username); resp.getWriter().println(password); resp.getWriter().println(url); //======================================= System.out.println(driver); System.out.println(username); System.out.println(password); System.out.println(url);
3,配置web.xml
<servlet> <servlet-name>Demo03</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.ServletDemo03</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>Demo03</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/q3</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
4,网页打开
locallhost:8080/demo02/q3
5,网页显示
Request(需要掌握)
JSP取得项目的路径
$pageContext.request.contextPath
Request对象
package com.kuang.servlet; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; public class RequestDemo01 extends HttpServlet protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException //查看request对象的方式 System.out.println(request.getContextPath()); //获得web项目路径 System.out.println(request.getRequestURI()); //请求的URL路径 //Remote 远程 System.out.println(request.getRemoteUser()); //获得远程的用户名 System.out.println(request.getRequestedSessionId()); //获得SessionId; System.out.println(request.getServletPath()); //请求servlet的url System.out.println(request.getLocalAddr()); //获得本地地址 防火墙 System.out.println(request.getLocalName()); //获得本地名字 System.out.println(request.getLocalPort()); //获得访问的端口号 protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException doPost(request,response);
IDEA运行结果
Request对象接受前端用户提交的参数
1,写前端注册页面
- 表单的提交方式get/post
- 表单提交的位置action:服务器的路径/servlet对应的请求url
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>注册</title> </head> <body> <%-- JSP的注释 --%> <%-- Form表单 action:代表要提交的路径,表单要提交到哪里 ,可以提交到一个Servlet //提交到Servlet需要,获取到Web项目的路径下的Servlet method: 提交表单的方式 --%> <h1>注册</h1> <form action="$pageContext.request.contextPath/r2" method="post"> <p>用户名:<input type="text" name="username"></p> <p>密码:<input type="password" name="password"></p> <p> <input type="submit"> <input type="reset"> </p> </form> </body> </html>
2,写处理前端提交信息的Servlet
- 接收前端传递的控件信息,request.getParameter(“控件的name”)
1 package com.kuang.servlet; 2 import javax.print.attribute.HashPrintRequestAttributeSet; 3 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 4 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; 5 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 6 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 7 import java.io.IOException; 8 9 //处理前端提交过来的数据 10 public class RequestDemo02 extends HttpServlet 11 @Override 12 protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException 13 doPost(req,resp); 14 15 @Override 16 protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException 17 18 //通过HttpServletRequest获取前端用户提交的信息 19 //req.getParameterValues(); 获得前端传递的控件信息,通过控件的name;但是可以接受多个参数的控件,比如(多选框....) 20 //req.getParameter(); 获得前端传递的控件信息,通过控件的name; 21 22 req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); 23 resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); 24 25 String username = req.getParameter("username"); 26 String password = req.getParameter("password"); 27 28 //连接数据库,比较数据库中的信息是否匹配 29 30 if (username.equals("admin")&&password.equals("1234567")) 31 System.out.println("登录成功!"); //跳转到成功页面 32 else 33 System.out.println("登录失败!"); //提示重新注册 34 35 36 System.out.println(username); 37 System.out.println(password); 38 39
3,配置web.xml
配置对应的XML文件
<servlet> <servlet-name>RequsetDemo02</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.RequestDemo02</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>RequsetDemo02</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/r2</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
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