selenium的一些操作

Posted 2022-04-07 lambertcao

 

 

1.用selenium中的selenium.webdriver()申明对象

1 ‘’‘申明浏览器对象’‘’
2 
3 from selenium import webdriver
4 browser = webdriver.Chrome()    #创建一个空浏览器
5 browser.get(‘https://www.baidu.com‘)     #访问网址
6 browser.close()               #关闭浏览器

2.对文本的相关节点进行查找

1 from selenium import webdriver
2 
3 browser = webdriver.Chrome()
4 browser.get(‘https://www.taobao.com‘)
5 input_first = browser.find_element_by_id(‘q‘)
6 input_second = browser.find_element_by_css_selector(‘#q‘)
7 input_third = browser.find_element_by_xpath(‘//*[@id = ‘q‘]‘)
8 print(input_first,input_second,input_third)
9 browser.close()

备注，可以导入 from selenium.webdriver.commom.by import By
然后查找语句可以改变为
input =  browser.find_element((By.ID,‘q‘))

如果要查找所有元素，可以设置为find_elements

3.用selenium对浏览器进行相应的操作

 1 from selenium import webdriver
 2 import time  
 3 
 4 browser = webdriver.Chrome()
 5 browser.get(‘https://www.taobao.com‘)
 6 input =  browser.find_element_by_id(‘q‘)
 7 input.send_keys(‘iphone‘)
 8 time.sleep(1)
 9 input.clear()
10 input.send_keys(‘ipad‘)
11 button = browser.find_element_by_class_name(‘btn-search‘)
12 button.click()

4.拖拽网页中的一些内容布局

from selenium import webdriver
import time
form selenium.webdriver.commom.by import By
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains


browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get(‘http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable‘)

browser.switch_to.frame(iframeResult)
source = browser.find_element_by_css_selector(‘#draggable‘)
target = browser.find_element_by_css_selector(‘#droppable‘)

action=ActionChains(browser)
actions = action.drag_and_drop(source,target)
actions.perform()

5.对下滑操作，利用javascript来实现

 1 from selenium import webdrive
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 browser = webdriver.Chrome()
 6 
 7 browser.get(‘https://www.zhihu.com/explore‘)
 8 
 9 browser.execute_script(‘widow_scollTo(0,document.body.scrollHeight)‘)
10 
11 browser.execute_script(alet(‘To bottom‘))

6.利用get_attribute()

from selenium import webdriver



browser = webdriver.Chrome()

browser.get(‘https://www.zhihu.com/explore‘)
logo = browser.find_element_by_id(‘zh-top-link-logo‘)
print(logo)
print(logo.get_attribute(‘class‘))

7.获取文本值

1 from selenium import webdriver
2 
3 browser = webdriver.Chrome()
4 url = ‘https://www.zhihu.com/explore‘
5 browser.get(url)
6 input = browser.find_element_by_class_name(‘zu-top-add-question‘)
7 pritn(input.text)

8.获取id、位置、标签名和大小

1 from seleniun import webdriver
2 
3 browser = webdriver.Chrome()
4 browser.get(‘https://www.zhihu.com/explore‘)
5 input = browser.find_element_by_class_name(‘zu-top-add-question‘)
6 print(input.id)
7 print(input.location)
8 print(input.tag_name)
9 print(input.size)

9.如果页面中有子frame，需要切换到子frame才能使用

 1 import time
 2 from selenium import webdriver
 3 from selenium.commom.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
 4 
 5 browser.get(url)
 6 browser.switch_to.frame(‘iframeResult‘)
 7 try:
 8    logo =  browser.find_element_by_class_name(‘logo‘)
 9 except NoSuchElementException:
10     print(‘Not Logo‘)
11 browser.switch_to.parent_frame()
12 logo = browser.find_element_by_class_name(‘logo‘)
13 print(logo)
14 print(logo.text)

10.隐式等待，显示等待

隐式等待

from selenium import webdriver

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.implicitly_wait(10)
browser.get(‘https://www.zhihu.com/explore‘)
input = browser.find_element_by_class_name(‘zu-top-add-question‘)
print(input)

显示等待

 1 from selenium import webdriver
 2 from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
 3 from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
 4 from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_condition as EC
 5 
 6 
 7 browser = webdriver.Chrome()
 8 browser.get(‘https://www.taobao.com‘)
 9 
10 wait = WebDriverWait(browser,10)
11 input  = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located(()))
12 button = wait .until(EC.element_to_be_clickable(By_CSS_SELECTOR,‘btn-search‘))
13 print(input,button)

11.使用selenium模拟网络页面倒退与前进

 1 import time
 2 from  selenium import webdriver
 3 
 4 
 5 browser = webdriver.Chrome()
 6 browser.get(‘https://www.taobao.com‘)
 7 browser.get(‘https://www.baidu.com‘)
 8 browser.back()
 9 time.sleep()
10 browser.forwawrd()
11 browser.close()

12.使用选项卡进行操作设置

1 from selenium import webdriver
2 import time
3 
4 browser = webdriver.Chrome()
5 browser.get(‘https://www.baidu.com‘)
6 browser.execute_script(‘window.open()‘)
7 browser.switch_to.window(browser.window.handles[1])
8 browser.get(‘https://www.zhihu.com‘)
9 browser.switch_to.window(browser.window.handle[0])