使用pyquery

Posted 2022-04-05 liyihua

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简单举例

 1 from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
 2 
 3 html = ‘‘‘
 4 <div>
 5 <ul>
 6 <li class="item-O"><a href="linkl.html">first item</a></li>
 7 <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
 8 <li class="item-inactive"><a href="link3.html">third item</a></li>
 9 <li class="item-1"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
10 <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a>
11 </ul>
12 </div>
13 ‘‘‘
14 
15 doc = pq(html)
16 print(doc)
17 
18 
19 # 输出：
20 <div>
21 <ul>
22 <li class="item-O"><a href="linkl.html">first item</a></li>
23 <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
24 <li class="item-inactive"><a href="link3.html">third item</a></li>
25 <li class="item-1"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
26 <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a>
27 </li></ul>
28 </div>

字符串

 1 from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
 2 import requests
 3 
 4 # doc1 与 doc2 功能相同
 5 doc1 = pq(url=‘https://www.cnblogs.com/liyihua/‘)
 6 print(doc1(‘title‘))
 7 
 8 doc2 = pq(requests.get(‘https://www.cnblogs.com/liyihua/‘).text)
 9 print(doc1(‘title‘))
10 
11 
12 # 输出：
13 <title>李亦华 - 博客园</title>&#13;
14     
15 <title>李亦华 - 博客园</title>&#13;
16

URL

 1 from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
 2 
 3 doc = pq(filename=‘test.html‘)
 4 print(doc(‘li‘))
 5 
 6 
 7 # 输出：
 8 <li class="item-O"><a href="linkl.html">first item</a></li>
 9 <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
10 <li class="item-inactive"><a href="link3.html">third item</a></li>
11 <li class="item-1"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
12 <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a>
13 </li>
14 
15 
16 # 文件内容：
17 <div>
18 <ul>
19 <li class="item-O"><a href="linkl.html">first item</a></li>
20 <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
21 <li class="item-inactive"><a href="link3.html">third item</a></li>
22 <li class="item-1"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
23 <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a>
24 </ul>
25 </div>

文件

基本CSS选择器

 1 from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
 2 
 3 html = ‘‘‘
 4 <div id="container">
 5     <ul class="list">
 6          <li class="item-0">first item</li>
 7          <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
 8          <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
 9          <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
10          <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
11      </ul>
12 </div>
13 ‘‘‘
14 
15 doc = pq(html)
16 print(doc(‘#container .list li‘))
17 
18 print(
19     type(
20         doc(‘#container .list li‘)
21     )
22 )
23 
24 
25 # 输出：
26 <li class="item-0">first item</li>
27          <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
28          <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
29          <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
30          <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
31      
32 <class ‘pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery‘>

View Code

查找节点

 1 from pyquery import PyQuery
 2 
 3 html = ‘‘‘
 4 <div id="container">
 5     <ul class="list">
 6          <li class="item-0">first item</li>
 7          <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
 8          <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
 9          <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
10          <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
11      </ul>
12 </div>
13 ‘‘‘
14 
15 doc = PyQuery(html)
16 items = doc(‘.list‘)
17 
18 print(
19     type(items),
20     items,
21     sep=‘\\n‘
22 )
23 
24 print(
25     type(items.find(‘li‘)),
26     items.find(‘li‘),
27     sep=‘\\n‘
28 )
29 
30 
31 # 输出：
32 <class ‘pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery‘>
33 <ul class="list">
34          <li class="item-0">first item</li>
35          <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
36          <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
37          <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
38          <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
39      </ul>
40 
41 <class ‘pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery‘>
42 <li class="item-0">first item</li>
43          <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
44          <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
45          <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
46          <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
47

子孙节点----find()方法

# find()方法查找的是所有子孙节点，如果只查找子节点，可以使用children()方法

 1 from pyquery import PyQuery
 2 
 3 html = ‘‘‘
 4 <div id="container">
 5     <ul class="list">
 6          <li class="item-0">first item</li>
 7          <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
 8          <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
 9          <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
10          <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
11      </ul>
12 </div>
13 ‘‘‘
14 
15 doc = PyQuery(html)
16 items = doc(‘.list‘)
17 
18 print(items, ‘\\n‘)
19 
20 print(
21     type(items.parent()),
22     items.parent(),
23     sep=‘\\n‘
24 )
25 
26 
27 # 输出：
28 <ul class="list">
29          <li class="item-0">first item</li>
30          <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
31          <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
32          <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
33          <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
34      </ul>
35  
36 
37 <class ‘pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery‘>
38 <div id="container">
39     <ul class="list">
40          <li class="item-0">first item</li>
41          <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
42          <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
43          <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
44          <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
45      </ul>
46 </div>

父节点----parent()方法

parents(selector=None)

parent(selector=None)

 1 from pyquery import PyQuery
 2 
 3 html = ‘‘‘
 4 <div id="container">
 5     <ul class="list">
 6          <li class="item-0">first item</li>
 7          <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
 8          <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
 9          <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
10          <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
11      </ul>
12 </div>
13 ‘‘‘
14 
15 doc = PyQuery(html)
16 
17 # 选择class为list的节点内部class为item-0和active的节点
18 items = doc(‘.list .item-0.active‘)
19 
20 print(
21     type(items.siblings()),
22     items.siblings(),
23     sep=‘\\n‘
24 )
25 
26 print("\\n", items.siblings(‘.active‘))
27 
28 
29 # 输出：
30 <class ‘pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery‘>
31 <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
32          <li class="item-0">first item</li>
33          <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
34          <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
35      
36 
37  <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
38

兄弟节点----siblings()方法

遍历

 1 from pyquery import PyQuery
 2 
 3 html = ‘‘‘
 4 <div id="container">
 5     <ul class="list">
 6          <li class="item-0">first item</li>
 7          <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
 8          <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
 9          <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
10          <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
11      </ul>
12 </div>
13 ‘‘‘
14 
15 doc = PyQuery(html)
16 lis = doc(‘li‘).items()             # 调用items()方法，得到一个生成器
17 
18 for li in lis:
19     print(
20         li, 
21         type(li)
22     )
23 
24 
25 # 输出：
26 <li class="item-0">first item</li>
27           <class ‘pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery‘>
28 <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
29           <class ‘pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery‘>
30 <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
31           <class ‘pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery‘>
32 <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
33           <class ‘pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery‘>
34 <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
35       <class ‘pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery‘>

遍历----items()

获取信息

获取属性

attr()方法获取属性

 1 from pyquery import PyQuery
 2 
 3 html = ‘‘‘
 4 <div id="container">
 5     <ul class="list">
 6          <li class="item-0">first item</li>
 7          <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
 8          <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
 9          <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
10          <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
11      </ul>
12 </div>
13 ‘‘‘
14 
15 doc = PyQuery(html)
16 a = doc(‘.item-0.active a‘)
17 print(
18     a,
19     type(a),
20     a.attr(‘href‘),             # 也可以用a.attr.href，两者作用相同
21     sep=‘\\n‘
22 )
23 
24 
25 # 输出：
26 <a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a>
27 <class ‘pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery‘>
28 link3.html

View Code

# 当返回结果包含多个节点时，调用attr()方法，只会得到第一个节点的属性。如果想获取所有返回的节点的属性，就要用到遍历了

获取文本

 1 from pyquery import PyQuery
 2 
 3 html = ‘‘‘
 4 <div id="container">
 5     <ul class="list">
 6          <li class="item-0">first item</li>
 7          <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
 8          <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
 9          <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
10          <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
11      </ul>
12 </div>
13 ‘‘‘
14 
15 doc = PyQuery(html)
16 li = doc(‘li‘)
17 
18 print(
19     li.html(),                  # 获取节点的内部文本
20     li.text(),                  # 获取节点文本，返回结果是纯文字内容
21     type(li.text()),
22     sep=‘\\n‘
23 )
24 
25 
26 # 输出：
27 first item
28 first item second item third item fourth item fifth item
29 <class ‘str‘>

View Code

节点操作

add_class() 和 remove_class() ---- 添加class、移除class

 1 from pyquery import PyQuery
 2 
 3 html = ‘‘‘
 4 <div id="container">
 5     <ul class="list">
 6          <li class="item-0">first item</li>
 7          <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
 8          <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
 9          <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
10          <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
11      </ul>
12 </div>
13 ‘‘‘
14 
15 doc = PyQuery(html)
16 li = doc(‘.item-0.active‘)
17 
18 print(li)
19 print(li.remove_class(‘active‘))
20 print(li.add_class(‘active‘))
21 
22 
23 # 输出：
24 <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
25          
26 <li class="item-0"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
27          
28 <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
29

View Code

attr、text 和 html

# attr(*args, **kwargs) ---- Attributes manipulation
# text(value=no_default, **kwargs) ---- Get or set the text representation of sub nodes.
# html(value=no_default, **kwargs) ---- Get or set the html representation of sub nodes.

 1 from pyquery import PyQuery
 2 
 3 html = ‘‘‘
 4 <div id="container">
 5     <ul class="list">
 6          <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
 7      </ul>
 8 </div>
 9 ‘‘‘
10 
11 doc = PyQuery(html)
12 
13 li = doc(‘.item-0.active‘)
14 print(li)
15 
16 li.attr(‘name‘, ‘link‘)         # 添加属性name，属性值为link
17 print(li)
18 
19 li.text(‘change item‘)          # 将节点内部的内容改为‘change item‘
20 print(li)
21 
22 li.html(‘<span>change item</span>‘)         # 将节点内部的内容改为‘<span>change item</span>‘
23 print(li)
24 
25 
26 # 输出：
27 <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
28      
29 <li class="item-0 active" name="link"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
30      
31 <li class="item-0 active" name="link">change item</li>
32      
33 <li class="item-0 active" name="link"><span>change item</span></li>

View Code

remove()----删除节点

 1 from pyquery import PyQuery
 2 
 3 html = ‘‘‘
 4 <div class="LeeHua">
 5 LiYihua
 6 <ul class="201802004731">liyihua</ul>
 7 </div>
 8 ‘‘‘
 9 
10 doc = PyQuery(html)
11 Leehua = doc(‘.LeeHua‘)
12 print("移除节点ul前的输出：\\n"+Leehua.text())
13 
14 Leehua.find(‘ul‘).remove()
15 print("移除节点ul后的输出：\\n"+Leehua.text())
16 
17 
18 # 输出：
19 移除节点ul前的输出：
20 LiYihua
21 liyihua
22 移除节点ul后的输出：
23 LiYihua

View Code

伪类选择器

示例：

 1 from pyquery import PyQuery
 2 
 3 html = ‘‘‘
 4 <div class="wrap">
 5     <div id="container">
 6         <ul class="list">
 7             <li class="item-0">first item</li>
 8             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
 9             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
10             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
11             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
12         </ul>
13     </div>
14 </div>
15 ‘‘‘
16 
17 doc = PyQuery(html)
18 
19 # 选择属于父元素的第一个子元素的每个 <li> 元素。
20 li = doc(‘li:first-child‘)
21 print(li)
22 
23 # 选择属于父元素的最后一个子元素的每个 <li> 元素。
24 li = doc(‘li:last-child‘)
25 print(li)
26 
27 # 选择属于其父元素的第二个子元素的每个 <li> 元素
28 li = doc(‘li:nth-child(2)‘)
29 print(li)
30 
31 # 选择属于其父元素的最后两个子元素的每个 <li> 元素
32 li = doc(‘li:gt(2)‘)
33 print(li)
34 
35 # 选择属于父元素的第偶个子元素的每个 <li> 元素。
36 li = doc(‘li:nth-child(2n)‘)
37 print(li)
38 
39 # 选择包含‘second‘的每个元素
40 li = doc(‘li:contains(second)‘)
41 print(li)
42 
43 
44 # 输出：
45 <li class="item-0">first item</li>
46             
47 <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
48         
49 <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
50             
51 <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
52             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
53         
54 <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
55             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
56             
57 <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
58

View Code

CSS 选择器的用法：http://www.w3school.com.cn/cssref/css_selectors.asp

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