RABC权限控制(页面操作角色,权限和进行分配)

Posted 2022-03-31 leixiaobai

　上一节主要说的是如何通过url进行权限控制,这一节就说一下如何开发一个权限控制的界面,这样我们就能很方便的创建角色,并分配给用户不同角色和不同权限.

1.编写角色管理页面

这个编写较为简单,主要是通过modelform快速实现的,下面代码比较简单,我就不多说了

效果图如下:

代码如下:

def role_list(request):
    """角色列表"""
    roles_list = Role.objects.all()
    # 分页
    current_page_num = request.GET.get(‘page‘)
    pagination = MyPagination(current_page_num, roles_list.count(), request)
    roles_list = roles_list[pagination.start:pagination.end]
    return render(request, ‘rbac/role_list.html‘, ‘roles_list‘: roles_list, ‘pagination‘:pagination)


def role_operate(request, edit_id=None):
    """角色操作"""
    role_obj = Role.objects.filter(pk=edit_id).first()
    if request.method == "POST":
        role_form = RoleModelForm(request.POST, instance=role_obj)
        if role_form.is_valid():
            role_form.save()
            return redirect(reverse(‘rbac:role_list‘))
        return render(request, ‘rbac/role_operate.html‘, ‘role_form‘: role_form)
    role_form = RoleModelForm(instance=role_obj)
    return render(request, ‘rbac/role_operate.html‘, ‘role_form‘: role_form, ‘role_obj‘: role_obj)


def role_del(request, del_id):
    """删除角色"""
    Role.objects.filter(pk=del_id).delete()
    return redirect(reverse(‘rbac:role_list‘))

RoleModelForm,这里就只有一个name字段,不给角色字段是创建完用户后到时再分配

class RoleModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    """角色的modelform"""
    class Meta:
        model = Role
        fields = [‘name‘]

        error_messages = 
            ‘name‘: ‘required‘: ‘角色名称不能为空‘
        
        widgets = 
            ‘name‘: wid.TextInput(attrs=‘class‘: ‘form-control‘)
        

 

 2.编写菜单权限管理页面

这个也不是特别难,因为主要就是两张表在页面渲染的事情,效果图如下:

代码如下:

def menu_list(request):
    """菜单权限列表"""
    # 获取所有的菜单
    menu_list = Menu.objects.all()
    # 菜单管理目前选择的菜单名称id
    mid = request.GET.get(‘mid‘)
    # 如果mid有值则通过二级菜单中菜单id是一级菜单的和二级菜单下子权限id属于一级菜单的全部找出来显示,没有则显示全部菜单
    if mid:
        permission_list = Permission.objects.filter(Q(parent__menu__id=mid) | Q(menu_id=mid))
    else:
        permission_list = Permission.objects.all()
    # 查询出权限表中的所有字段
    all_permission_list = permission_list.values(‘id‘, ‘url‘, ‘title‘, ‘url_name‘,
                                                 ‘menu_id‘, ‘parent_id‘, ‘menu__title‘)
    # 把所有菜单以字典形式保存在字典中
    all_permission_dict = 
    # 第一次for循环将二级菜单加入字典中
    for permission in all_permission_list:
        menu_id = permission.get(‘menu_id‘)
        # 有menu_id就证明是二级菜单,加入字典
        if menu_id:
            permission[‘children‘] = []
            all_permission_dict[permission[‘id‘]] = permission
    # 第二次for循环将三级菜单(子权限)加入到二级菜单的children中
    for permission in all_permission_list:
        parent_id = permission.get(‘parent_id‘)
        if parent_id:
            all_permission_dict[parent_id][‘children‘].append(permission)
    return render(request, ‘rbac/menu_list.html‘, ‘menu_list‘: menu_list,
                                                   ‘all_permission_dict‘: all_permission_dict, ‘mid‘: mid)


def menu_operate(request, edit_id=None):
    """菜单管理操作"""
    menu_obj = Menu.objects.filter(pk=edit_id).first()
    if request.method == "POST":
        form_obj = MenuModelForm(request.POST, instance=menu_obj)
        if form_obj.is_valid():
            form_obj.save()
            return redirect(reverse(‘rbac:menu_list‘))
        return render(request, ‘rbac/menu_operate.html‘, ‘form_obj‘: form_obj)
    form_obj = MenuModelForm(instance=menu_obj)
    return render(request, ‘rbac/menu_operate.html‘, ‘form_obj‘: form_obj, ‘menu_obj‘: menu_obj)


def menu_del(request, del_id):
    """菜单管理删除"""
    Menu.objects.filter(pk=del_id).delete()
    return redirect(reverse(‘rbac:menu_list‘))


def permission_operate(request, edit_id=None):
    """权限管理操作"""
    permission_obj = Permission.objects.filter(pk=edit_id).first()
    if request.method == "POST":
        form_obj = PermissionModelForm(request.POST, instance=permission_obj)
        if form_obj.is_valid():
            form_obj.save()
            return redirect(reverse(‘rbac:menu_list‘))
        return render(request, ‘rbac/permission_operate.html‘, ‘form_obj‘: form_obj)
    form_obj = PermissionModelForm(instance=permission_obj)
    return render(request, ‘rbac/permission_operate.html‘, ‘form_obj‘: form_obj, ‘permission_obj‘: permission_obj)


def permission_del(request, del_id):
    """权限管理删除"""
    Permission.objects.filter(pk=del_id).delete()
    return redirect(reverse(‘rbac:menu_list‘))

页面对上面两个数据的for循环展示(这也是最主要的数据展示部分)

% for p_permission in all_permission_dict.values %
                        <tr class="parent" id=" p_permission.id ">
                            <td class="title"><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i> p_permission.title </td>
                            <td> p_permission.url </td>
                            <td> p_permission.url_name </td>
                            <td>是</td>
                            <td> p_permission.menu__title </td>
                            <td>
                                <a href="% url ‘rbac:permission_edit‘ p_permission.id %"><i class="fa fa-edit"></i></a>
                                <a style="margin-left: 10px" href="% url ‘rbac:permission_del‘ p_permission.id %"><i
                                        class="fa fa-trash-o text-danger"></i></a>
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                        % for c_permission in p_permission.children %
                            <tr pid=" c_permission.parent_id ">
                                <td style="padding-left: 20px"> c_permission.title </td>
                                <td> c_permission.url </td>
                                <td> c_permission.url_name </td>
                                <td></td>
                                <td></td>
                                <td>
                                    <a href="% url ‘rbac:permission_edit‘ c_permission.id %"><i class="fa fa-edit"></i></a>
                                    <a style="margin-left: 10px" href="% url ‘rbac:permission_del‘ c_permission.id %"><i
                                            class="fa fa-trash-o text-danger"></i></a>
                                </td>
                            </tr>
                        % endfor %

                    % endfor %

点击二级菜单显示和隐藏,这里巧妙的用到了二级菜单的id和子权限的parent_id相等去显示和隐藏,下面是显示隐藏的jquery代码

<script>
        $(‘.permisson-area‘).on(‘click‘, ‘tr .title‘, function () 
            var caret = $(this).find(‘i‘);
            var id = $(this).parent().attr(‘id‘);
            if (caret.hasClass(‘fa-caret-right‘))
                caret.removeClass(‘fa-caret-right‘).addClass(‘fa-caret-down‘);
               $(this).parent().nextAll(‘tr[pid="‘ + id + ‘"]‘).removeClass(‘hide‘);
            else
                caret.removeClass(‘fa-caret-down‘).addClass(‘fa-caret-right‘);
                $(this).parent().nextAll(‘tr[pid=‘ + id + ‘]‘).addClass(‘hide‘);
            
        )
    </script>

 

 3.分配权限管理页面编写(这个比较麻烦,主要是数据结构比较复杂,嵌套太多层,注意这还是二级菜单)

实现的效果图如下:

代码如下,备注在代码中写了,详细请看代码:

def distribute_permissions(request):
    """分配权限"""
    # uid是前端提交的用户id,rid是前端提交的角色id
    uid = request.GET.get(‘uid‘)
    rid = request.GET.get(‘rid‘)

    # 用户添加角色,由于有多个from表单所以给每个from表单一个postType
    if request.method == ‘POST‘ and request.POST.get(‘postType‘) == ‘role‘ and uid:
        user = User.objects.filter(id=uid).first()
        if not user:
            return HttpResponse(‘用户不存在‘)
        # 因为是多对多的关系,所以用set就可以直接更新数据了,记得set里面必须是可迭代对象,所以getlist
        user.roles.set(request.POST.getlist(‘roles‘))
    # 角色添加权限
    if request.method == ‘POST‘ and request.POST.get(‘postType‘) == ‘permission‘ and rid:
        role = Role.objects.filter(id=rid).first()
        if not role:
            return HttpResponse(‘角色不存在‘)
        role.permissions.set(request.POST.getlist(‘permissions‘))

    # 所有用户,界面用户展示
    user_list = User.objects.all()
    # 取得当前用户的所有角色
    user_has_roles = User.objects.filter(id=uid).values(‘id‘, ‘roles‘)
    # 获取用户拥有的角色id,数据结构是角色id: None,这种数据结构推荐,到时直接in就能判断了,效率高
    user_has_roles_dict = item[‘roles‘]: None for item in user_has_roles

    # 角色列表(所有角色),界面用户展示
    role_list = Role.objects.all()

    # 如过选中了角色,那么就根据角色id拿到所有的权限
    if rid:
        role_has_permissions = Role.objects.filter(id=rid).values(‘id‘, ‘permissions‘)
    # 如果只选中了用户没有选择角色,那么就通过用户的角色去拿对应的所有权限
    elif uid and not rid:
        user = User.objects.filter(id=uid).first()
        if not user:
            return HttpResponse(‘用户不存在‘)
        role_has_permissions = user.roles.values(‘id‘, ‘permissions‘)
    else:
        # 都没选中,就是初始化状态,界面不勾选任何权限菜单
        role_has_permissions = []

    # 获取角色拥有的权限id,数据结构是权限id: None
    role_has_permissions_dict = item[‘permissions‘]: None for item in role_has_permissions

    # 以列表形式存放所有的菜单信息
    all_menu_list = []

    # 查询出所有菜单
    menu_queryset = Menu.objects.values(‘id‘, ‘title‘)
    # 以字典形式存放所有的菜单信息
    menu_dict = 

    # 这个for循环的作用是将一级菜单信息分别放入了menu_dict字典和all_menu_list列表中
    for item in menu_queryset:
        item[‘children‘] = []   # 存放二级菜单(父权限)
        menu_dict[item[‘id‘]] = item    # 注意这里是将item对象赋值给了item[‘id‘],所以menu_dict和all_menu_list是一起变化的
        all_menu_list.append(item)

    """
    下面是这两个的数据结构,字典套字典,然后children字段子菜单就是列表,然后反复这样嵌套
    menu_dict = ‘menu_id‘: ‘id‘:1, ‘title‘: ‘xxx‘, ‘children‘: [
                ‘id‘, ‘title‘, ‘menu_id‘, ‘children‘: [
                    ‘id‘, ‘title‘, ‘parent_id‘
                ],
                ],
                None: ‘id‘: None, ‘title‘: ‘其他‘, ‘children‘: [‘id‘, ‘title‘, ‘parent_id‘]
                
    all_menu_list = [
        ‘id‘:1, ‘title‘: ‘xxx‘, ‘children‘: [
        ‘id‘, ‘title‘, ‘menu_id‘, ‘children‘: [
            ‘id‘, ‘title‘, ‘parent_id‘
        ],
        ],
        ‘id‘: None, ‘title‘: ‘其他‘, ‘children‘: [‘id‘, ‘title‘, ‘parent_id‘]
    ]
    """
    # 像首页这些不属于任何一级菜单,所以可以归属于other下面
    other = ‘id‘: None, ‘title‘: ‘其他‘, ‘children‘: []
    # 两个数据结构分别加入other
    all_menu_list.append(other)
    menu_dict[None] = other

    # 查询二级菜单的权限信息
    parent_permission = Permission.objects.filter(menu__isnull=False).values(‘id‘, ‘title‘, ‘menu_id‘)
    # 二级菜单信息字典
    parent_permission_dict = 
    """
    parent_permission_dict = 父权限id: ‘id‘, ‘title‘, ‘menu_id‘, ‘children‘: [
        ‘id‘, ‘title‘, ‘parent_id‘
    ] 
    """

    for per in parent_permission:
        per[‘children‘] = []    # 存放子权限
        nid = per[‘id‘]
        menu_id = per[‘menu_id‘]
        # 以二级菜单id为键,二级菜单信息为值加入到二级菜单字典中
        parent_permission_dict[nid] = per
        # 一级菜单字典将二级菜单加入到children下,注意一级菜单列表数据结构也会跟着增加(py内存使用导致)
        menu_dict[menu_id][‘children‘].append(per)

    # 类似上面的操作,将不是二级菜单的权限全部找出来,包括子权限和other
    node_permission = Permission.objects.filter(menu__isnull=True).values(‘id‘, ‘title‘, ‘parent_id‘)

    for per in node_permission:
        pid = per[‘parent_id‘]
        # 如果不是子权限,就将信息加入到other的children下
        if not pid:
            menu_dict[None][‘children‘].append(per)
            continue
        # 是子权限就加入到二级菜单的children下,因为menu_dict存放的是二级菜单的对象,所以此时menu_dict就有了各个层级的数据
        parent_permission_dict[pid][‘children‘].append(per)

    return render(request, ‘rbac/distribute_permissions.html‘,
                  
                      ‘user_list‘: user_list,
                      ‘role_list‘: role_list,
                      ‘user_has_roles_dict‘: user_has_roles_dict,
                      ‘role_has_permissions_dict‘: role_has_permissions_dict,
                      ‘all_menu_list‘: all_menu_list,
                      ‘uid‘: uid,
                      ‘rid‘: rid,
                  )

前端代码:

% extends ‘layout.html‘ %
% block css %
    <style>
        .user-area ul 
            padding-left: 20px;
        

        .user-area li 
            cursor: pointer;
            padding: 2px 0;
        

        .user-area li a 
            display: block;
        

        .user-area li.active 
            font-weight: bold;
            color: red;
        

        .user-area li.active a 
            color: red;
        

        .role-area tr td a 
            display: block;
        

        .role-area tr.active 
            background-color: #f1f7fd;
            border-left: 3px solid #fdc00f;
        

        .permission-area tr.root 
            background-color: #f1f7fd;
            cursor: pointer;
        

        .permission-area tr.root td i 
            margin: 3px;
        

        .permission-area .node 

        

        .permission-area .node input[type=‘checkbox‘] 
            margin: 0 5px;
        

        .permission-area .node .parent 
            padding: 5px 0;
        

        .permission-area .node label 
            font-weight: normal;
            margin-bottom: 0;
            font-size: 12px;
        

        .permission-area .node .children 
            padding: 0 0 0 20px;
        

        .permission-area .node .children .child 
            display: inline-block;
            margin: 2px 5px;
        

        table 
            font-size: 12px;
        

        .panel-body 
            font-size: 12px;
        

        .panel-body .form-control 
            font-size: 12px;
        
    </style>
% endblock %
% block content %
    <div class="container-fluid" style="margin-top: 20px">
        <div class="col-sm-3 user-area">
            <div class="panel panel-default">
                <div class="panel-heading"><i class="fa fa-user"></i> 用户信息</div>
                <div class="panel-body">
                    <ul>
                        % for user in user_list %
                            <li class=% if user.id|safe == uid %"active"% endif %>
                                <a href="?uid= user.id "> user.name </a>
                            </li>
                        % endfor %

                    </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="col-sm-3 role-area">
            <form action="" method="post">
                % csrf_token %
                <input type="hidden" name="postType" value="role">
                <div class="panel panel-default">
                    <div class="panel-heading"><i class="fa fa-book"></i> 角色
                        % if uid %
                            <button type="submit" style="padding: 2px 6px;position: relative;top: -3px;"
                                    class="btn btn-success pull-right"><i style="margin-right: 2px"
                                                                          class="fa fa-save"></i> 保存
                            </button>
                        % endif %
                    </div>
                    <div class="panel-body">
                        <span style="color: darkgray">提示:点击用户后才能为其分配角色</span>
                    </div>
                    <table class="table table-hover">
                        <thead>
                        <tr>
                            <th>角色</th>
                            <th>选择</th>
                        </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody>
                        % load my_tag %
                        % for role in role_list %
                            <tr % if role.id|safe == rid %class="active"% endif %>
                                <td><a href="?% get_role_url request role.id %"> role.name </a></td>
                                <td>
                                    % if role.id in user_has_roles_dict %
                                        <input type="checkbox" name="roles" value=" role.id " checked>
                                    % else %
                                        <input type="checkbox" name="roles" value=" role.id ">
                                    % endif %
                                </td>
                            </tr>
                        % endfor %

                        </tbody>
                    </table>

                </div>
            </form>
        </div>
        <div class="col-sm-6 permission-area">
            <form action="" method="post">
                % csrf_token %
                <input type="hidden" name="postType" value="permission">
                <div class="panel panel-default">
                    <div class="panel-heading"><i class="fa fa-reddit"></i> 权限分配</div>
                    % if rid %
                        <button type="submit"
                                style="padding: 2px 6px;position: relative;top: -32px; margin-right: 10px;"
                                class="btn btn-success pull-right"><i style="margin-right: 2px" class="fa fa-save"></i>
                            保存
                        </button>
                    % endif %
                    <div class="panel-body">
                        <span style="color: darkgray">提示:点击角色后,才能为其分配权限</span>
                    </div>
                    <table class="table">
                        <tbody class="permission-tbody">
                        % for item in all_menu_list %
                            <tr class="root">
                                <td><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i> item.title </td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr class="node">
                                <td>
                                    % for node in item.children %
                                        <div class="parent">
                                            % if node.id in role_has_permissions_dict %
                                                <input id="permission_ node.id " name="permissions"
                                                       value=" node.id " type="checkbox" checked>
                                            % else %
                                                <input id="permission_ node.id " name="permissions"
                                                       value=" node.id " type="checkbox">
                                            % endif %
                                            <label for="permission_ node.id "> node.title </label>
                                        </div>
                                        <div class="children">
                                            % for child in node.children %
                                                <div class="child">
                                                    % if child.id in role_has_permissions_dict %
                                                        <input id="permission_ child.id " name="permissions"
                                                               value=" child.id " type="checkbox" checked>
                                                    % else %
                                                        <input id="permission_ child.id " name="permissions"
                                                               value=" child.id " type="checkbox">
                                                    % endif %
                                                    <label for="permission_ child.id "> child.title </label>
                                                </div>
                                            % endfor %
                                        </div>
                                    % endfor %
                                </td>
                            </tr>
                        % endfor %
                        </tbody>
                    </table>

                </div>
            </form>
        </div>
    </div>
% endblock %
% block js %
    <script>
        $(‘.permission-tbody‘).on(‘click‘, ‘.root‘, function () 
            var caret = $(this).find(‘i‘);
            if (caret.hasClass(‘fa-caret-right‘)) 
                caret.removeClass(‘fa-caret-right‘).addClass(‘fa-caret-down‘);
                $(this).next(‘.node‘).removeClass(‘hide‘);
             else 
                caret.removeClass(‘fa-caret-down‘).addClass(‘fa-caret-right‘);
                $(this).next(‘.node‘).addClass(‘hide‘);
            
        )
    </script>

% endblock %

至此,页面大致开发完成,单独开发完成rbac之后,还得嵌入项目中去,大致也说一下迁移的过程:

rbac应用于其他项目流程
1.拷贝rbac到新项目
2.在settings中注册rabc app
3.数据库迁移
    首先先删除原有migrations下的文件,再执行数据库迁移命令
    python manage.py makemigrations
    python manage.py migrate
4.在根目录下的urls.py中添加rbac相关的url
    re_path(r‘^rbac/‘, include(‘rbac.urls‘, namespace=‘rbac‘))
5.layout.html的创建和编写,因为rbac中的模板都继承了这个
6.录入权限信息
    角色管理
    权限管理
7.分配权限
    先用户关联,原系统用户表一对一关联rbac用户表
    from rbac.models import User
    user = models.OneToOneField(User, null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    给用户分角色和权限
8.登录应用权限
    登录成功后获取rbac的user_obj,然后初始化用户信息

    应用权限校验中间件
9.注意模板layout内容和名称

10.应用面包屑导航栏,中间会遇到很多样式js等不同,慢慢调试吧

11.权限控制到按钮级别