Linux（Centos 7） 安装 Mysql 5.7 步骤 配置过程

Posted 2022-03-24

一、检查是否已经安装了mysql

 [[email protected] /]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql

如果有，则使用删除语句删除

 [[email protected] /]# yum -y remove mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64

再使用查询命令，查找mysql相关的文件

 [[email protected] /]# find / -name mysql

然后把存在的文件都删除

 [[email protected] /]# rm –rf 目录名

二、下载mysql安装包

进入包下载所放位置下载

 [[email protected] /]# cd /usr/local/src
 [[email protected] src]# wget  https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

进行解压

     [[email protected] src]# tar zxvf mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 
     [[email protected] src]# ls
mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz   

移位置并改名

     [[email protected] src]# mv mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

      [[email protected] src]# cd /usr/local/mysql
  [[email protected] mysql]# ls
   bin  COPYING    docs  include  lib  man  README  share  support-files

三、配置初始化mysql

添加用户组和新用户名

      [[email protected] mysql]# groupadd mysql
      [[email protected] mysql]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql   

创建data目录

     [[email protected] mysql]# mkdir data

修改mysql目录用户为刚刚新建的mysql组中的mysql用户

       [[email protected] mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql ./  

初始化安装mysql数据库

  [[email protected] mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --   datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize
 2019-07-07T07:51:36.066665Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2019-07-07T07:51:37.197916Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2019-07-07T07:51:37.299392Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2019-07-07T07:51:37.823229Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 0c916440-a08c-11e9-87be-000c2954a0d9.
2019-07-07T07:51:37.846198Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table ‘mysql.gtid_executed‘ cannot be opened.
2019-07-07T07:51:37.847191Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for [email protected]: yrntyj)qo6Nd

修改my.conf配置文件，从版本5.7.18开始，mysql免安装二进制包中就不包含该文件了，即不需要my.conf文件也可以正常运行；my.conf文件中配置的选项会在命令行启动mysql的时候作为参数进行启动，为了后面搭建mysql主从环境方便，下面可以添加了一个简单的my.conf文件作为实例（如果只是单纯的搭建一个mysql实例，可以直接忽略此步骤），使用vim /etc/my.conf命令，如果在该目录上不存在则会新建

       [mysqld]
    character_set_server=utf8
   init_connect=‘SET NAMES utf8‘
   basedir=/usr/local/mysql
   datadir=/usr/local/software/data
   socket=/usr/local/software/mysql.sock
    #设置忽略大小写(简单来说就是sql语句是否严格)，默认库名表名保存为小写, 不区分大小写
    lower_case_table_names = 1
    # 开启ip绑定
   bind-address = 0.0.0.0
  [mysqld_safe]
  log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
  pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid
   #指定客户端连接mysql时的socket通信文件路径
  [client]
  socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
  default-character-set=utf8

四、其他配置

添加开机启动

         [[email protected] mysql]# cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

修改mysqld，使用vim /etc/init.d/mysqld 命令 修改以下代码部分

             basedir=/usr/local/mysql
       datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

设置开机启动

      [[email protected] mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld

为了可以在任意目录上都可以使用mysql命令登录mysql，将mysql安装目录配置到环境变量中，在/etc/profile文件的末尾添加以下代码

        export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin    

使配置文件的配置立即生效

        [[email protected] mysql]# source /etc/profile    

重启mysql服务，并且使用mysql的root用户登录mysql

           [[email protected] mysql]# service mysqld restart
    Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS! 
    Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
      [[email protected] mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
     Enter password: 
     Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
     Your MySQL connection id is 2
   Server version: 5.7.25 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

    Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

     Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
     affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
     owners.

  Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.

  mysql> 

修改root用户的密码为root，并且刷新

    mysql> alter user ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ identified by ‘root‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

  mysql> flush privileges;
 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

此时mysql数据库只能在本机上使用mysql命令进行登录，还无法使用navicat等数据库可视化工具进行远程登录，下面设置允许root用户远程连接数据库

      mysql> use mysql;
    Reading table information for completion of table and column names
 You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

     Database changed
  mysql> update user set user.Host=‘%‘ where user.User=‘root‘;
 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
 Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

    mysql> flush privileges;
 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

    mysql> exit
Bye

查看防火墙

        [[email protected] mysql]# firewall-cmd --state
  running     

打开3306端口

        [[email protected] mysql]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent

success

防火墙重启

         [[email protected] mysql]# firewall-cmd --reload

success

至此，可以直接使用navicat等连接数据库