MySQL主从复制方法

Posted 2022-03-20 pandawm

MySQL主从复制

环境准备

软件及系统: CentOS7、mysql5.7

系统环境准备: yum安装 或 源码安装 MySQL 5.7

??需要修改MySQL的安装仓库的设置, 开启5.7的安装源, 关闭8.0的安装源, 若不采用yum安装可使用源码部署

#####原理图: relay log = 中继日志

 

流程图:

 

 

 

#####Master-Slave架构

 ##------------------------------------主库设置------------------------------------##

[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf //开启二进制日志并设置服务ID

[mysqld]

server_id=21

log-bin=mysql-bin

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[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start mysqld && systemctl enable mysqld

[[email protected] ~]# grep ‘password‘ /var/log/mysqld.log ##”!!!修改密码!!!“

2018-09-28[Note] A temporary password is generated for [email protected]: ied,1qj(y/gH

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[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -p‘(BavDu..0928)‘

mysql> CREATE USER ‘replication‘@‘192.168.13.22‘ IDENTIFIED BY "#BavDu..0928#";

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

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mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO ‘replication‘@‘192.168.13.22‘;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

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mysql> SHOW MASTER STATUS;

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

| mysql-bin.000002 |      877 |             |                 |                   |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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 ##------------------------------------主库设置------------------------------------##

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 ##------------------------------------从库设置------------------------------------##

[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

server_id=22

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[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start mysqld && systemctl enable mysqld

[[email protected] ~]# grep ‘password‘ /var/log/mysqld.log

2018-09-28[Note] A temporary password is generated for [email protected]: dFS:z5DQ/<h5

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -p‘(BavDu..0928)‘

mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO

  -> MASTER_HOST=‘192.168.13.21‘,

  -> MASTER_USER=‘replication‘,

  -> MASTER_PASSWORD=‘#BavDu..0928#‘,

  -> MASTER_LOG_FILE=‘mysql-bin.000001‘,

  -> MASTER_LOG_POS=877;

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mysql> start slave;

mysql> show slave status\\G;

                                                                             

                                                                             

                                                                             

************************** 1. row ***************************

              Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

                Master_Host: 192.168.13.21

                Master_User: replication

                Master_Port: 3306

              Connect_Retry: 60

            Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001

        Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1206

              Relay_Log_File: slave-relay-bin.000002

              Relay_Log_Pos: 649

      Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001

            Slave_IO_Running: Yes

          Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

  ##------------------------------------从库设置------------------------------------##

                                                                             

错误:

1.IO线程No,是因为本机网络问题导致或内存不足(可尝试增加虚拟内存)

2.IO线程Connecting,是因为master机器的防火墙未关闭,或对方网络问题或内存不足(可尝试增加虚拟内存)

3.SQL线程No,是因为SELinux未关闭或内存不足(可尝试增加虚拟内存)

4.SQL线程Connecting,是因为本机防火墙未关闭,或内存不足(可尝试虚拟内存)

练习题:

使用三台机器搭建一主两从的mysql架构并能够实现数据同步,部tar署形式不限<脚本、手动都可>

MySQL多源复制(Gtid方式)

 ##------------------------------------Master01------------------------------------##

[[email protected]_master_01 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

server_id = 3

log_bin = master01-bin

binlog-format = ROW

gtid-mode = ON

enforce-gtid-consistency = ON

[[email protected]_master_01 ~]# mysql.service restart

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##登录数据库授权用户

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to ‘rep‘@‘%‘ identified by "(Rep..0419)";

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.03 sec)

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mysql> exit

Bye

 ##------------------------------------Master01------------------------------------##

 ##------------------------------------Master02------------------------------------##

[[email protected]_master_02 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

server_id = 4

log_bin = master02-bin

binlog-format = ROW

gtid-mode = ON

enforce-gtid-consistency = ON

[[email protected]_master_02 ~]# mysql.service restart

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##登录数据库授权用户

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to ‘rep‘@‘%‘ identified by "(Rep..0419)";

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.03 sec)

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mysql> exit

Bye

 ##------------------------------------Master02------------------------------------##

 ##------------------------------------Slave01------------------------------------##

[[email protected]_slave_01 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

server_id = 5

relay_log = /usr/local/mysqld/log/relay-bin.log

gtid-mode = ON

enforce-gtid-consistency = ON

master_info_repository=TABLE

relay_log_info_repository=TABLE

[[email protected]_slave_01 ~]# mysql.service restart

##登录数据库授权用户

mysql> reset master;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

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mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=‘192.168.161.3‘, MASTER_USER=‘bavduer‘, MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_PASSWORD=‘(Qf..0422)‘, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1 FOR CHANNEL ‘master-1‘;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)

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mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=‘192.168.161.4‘, MASTER_USER=‘bavduer‘, MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_PASSWORD=‘(bavduer..0422)‘, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1 FOR CHANNEL ‘master-2‘;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)

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mysql> start slave;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

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mysql> show slave status\\G;

*************************** 1. row ***************************

              Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

                Master_Host: 192.168.161.3

                Master_User: bavduer

                Master_Port: 3306

              Connect_Retry: 60

            Master_Log_File: master01-bin.000001

        Read_Master_Log_Pos: 452

              Relay_Log_File: [email protected]

              Relay_Log_Pos: 671

      Relay_Master_Log_File: master01-bin.000001

            Slave_IO_Running: Yes

          Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

          ......

           

*************************** 2. row ***************************

              Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

                Master_Host: 192.168.161.4

                Master_User: bavduer

                Master_Port: 3306

              Connect_Retry: 60

            Master_Log_File: master02-bin.000001

        Read_Master_Log_Pos: 452

              Relay_Log_File: [email protected]

              Relay_Log_Pos: 671

      Relay_Master_Log_File: master02-bin.000001

            Slave_IO_Running: Yes

          Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

          ......

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mysql> exit

Bye

 ##------------------------------------Slave01------------------------------------##

练习题:

使用四台机器,部署mysql的双主双从(M-M-S-S)架构实现数据同步,部署形式不限<脚本、手动都可>

读写分离

##构建Java环境

[[email protected] ~]# tar xf jdk-8u181-linux-x64.tar -C /usr/local/

[[email protected] ~]# mv /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_181 /usr/local/java

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[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/profile

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java

export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar

#source /etc/profile

[[email protected] ~]# java -version

java version "1.8.0_181"ls

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Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_181-b13)

Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.181-b13, mixed mode)

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##安装MyCat服务

[[email protected] ~]# wget http://dl.mycat.io/1.6.5/Mycat-server-1.6.5-release-20180122220033-linux.tar.gz

[[email protected] ~]# tar xf Mycat-server-1.6.5-release-20180122220033-linux.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

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[[email protected] mycat]# vim /etc/profile

export MYCAT_HOME=/usr/local/mycat

[[email protected] mycat]# source /etc/profile

[[email protected] mycat]# ln -s /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat /usr/bin/mycat

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##配置MyCat服务

[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml

<user name="root" defaultAccount="true">

        <property name="password">(BavDu..0928)</property>

        <property name="schemas">TEST_DB</property>

</user>

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<user name="user">

        <property name="password">(BavDu..0928)</property>

        <property name="schemas">TEST_DB</property>

        <property name="readOnly">true</property>

</user>

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[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml

<schema name="TEST_DB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1">

</schema>

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<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database="TEST_DB" />

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<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native">

<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>

<writeHost host="hostM1" url="192.168.13.21:3306" user="root" password="(BavDu..0928)">

  <readHost host="hostS1" url="192.168.13.22:3306" user="root" password="(Bavdu..0928)"/>

</writeHost>

</dataHost>

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[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/wrapper.conf

wrapper.java.command=%JAVA_HOME%/bin/java

[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat start

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##读写分离测试

[[email protected] mycat]# mysql -uroot -p‘(BavDu..0928)‘ -h192.168.13.20 -P8066 -DTEST_DB

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g.

Your MySQL connection id is 5

Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.5-release-20180122220033 MyCat Server (OpenCloundDB)

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Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

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Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\\h‘ for help. Type ‘\\c‘ to clear the current input statement.

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MySQL [TEST_DB]> show databases;

+----------+

| DATABASE |

+----------+

| TEST_DB |

+----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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MySQL [TEST_DB]> use TEST_DB

Database changed

MySQL [TEST_DB]> create table testtest (id bigint not null primary key, user_id varchar(100), travel_date date, fee decimal, days int);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)

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MySQL [TEST_DB]> insert into testtest (id,user_id,travel_date,fee,days) values (1,‘100‘, 20160816, 2000, 5);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.49 sec)

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MySQL [TEST_DB]> insert into testtest (id,user_id,travel_date,fee,days) values (2,‘300‘, 20160916, 5000, 3);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)

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MySQL [TEST_DB]>