Python读取Excel,日期列读出来是数字的处理

Posted 2022-03-15 sh170706

Python读取Excel，里面如果是日期，直接读出来是float类型，无法直接使用。

通过判断读取表格的数据类型ctype，进一步处理。

返回的单元格内容的类型有5种：

ctype： 0 empty,1 string, 2 number, 3 date, 4 boolean, 5 error

ctype =sheet1.cell(iRow,iCol).ctype

参考示例如下：

1.准备一个Excel文件，文件名Book1.xlsx

从第2行的第1列开始向右，分别是2019年的7月的1、2、3、4日，2019-07-01、2019-07-02、2019-07-03、2019-07-04

A列单元格的类型：date

B列单元格的类型：Text

C列单元格的类型：Text

D列单元格的类型：Custom里的一种日期格式

2.Python文件,ReadExcelDemo.py，代码如下：

#! -*- coding utf-8 -*-
#! @Time  :2019/7/4 15:46
#! Author :Frank Zhang
#! @File  :ReadExcelDemo.py
#！SoftWare PyChart 5.0.3
#! Python Version 3.7
import xlrd
import os
import time
from datetime import datetime
from xlrd import xldate_as_tuple

def main():
    sPath = os.getcwd()
    sFile = "Book1.xlsx"
    wb = xlrd.open_workbook(filename=sPath + "\\\\" + sFile)
    sheet1 = wb.sheet_by_index(0)
    nrows = sheet1.nrows
    ncols = sheet1.ncols
    
    for iRow in range(1,nrows):
        for iCol in range(ncols):
            sCell = sheet1.cell_value(iRow,iCol)

            #Python读Excel，返回的单元格内容的类型有5种：
            #ctype： 0 empty,1 string, 2 number, 3 date, 4 boolean, 5 error
            ctype = sheet1.cell(iRow,iCol).ctype

            #ctype =3,为日期
            if ctype == 3:                                      
               date = datetime(*xldate_as_tuple(sCell, 0))
               cell = date.strftime(‘%Y-%m-%d‘)              #(‘%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S‘)
               print(cell)
            #ctype =1，为字符串
            elif ctype == 1: 
                if isVaildDate(sCell):
                    t1 = time.strptime(sCell, "%Y-%m-%d")
                    sDate = changeStrToDate(t1,"yyyy-mm-dd")
                    print(sDate)
            else:
                    pass

def formatDay(sDay,sFormat):
    sYear = str(sDay.year)
    sMonth = str(sDay.month)
    sDay = str(sDay.day)

    if sFormat == "yyyy-mm-dd":
        sFormatDay = sYear +"-" +sMonth.zfill(2)+"-" +sDay.zfill(2)
    elif sFormatStyle == "yyyy/mm/dd":
        sFormatDay = sYear +"/" +sMonth.zfill(2)+"/" +sDay.zfill(2)
    else:
        sFormatDay = sYear+"-" + sMonth + "-" + sDay
        
    return sFormatDay

"""
功能：判断是否为日期
"""
def isVaildDate(sDate):
    try:
        if ":" in sDate:
            time.strptime(sDate, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
        else:
            time.strptime(sDate, "%Y-%m-%d")
        return True
    except:
        return False

"""
   功能：把字符串格式的日期转换为格式化的日期，如把2019-7-1转换为2019-07-01
"""
def changeStrToDate(sDate,sFormat):
    sYear = str(sDate.tm_year)
    sMonth = str(sDate.tm_mon)
    sDay = str(sDate.tm_mday)

    if sFormat == "yyyy-mm-dd":
        sFormatDay = sYear +"-" +sMonth.zfill(2)+"-" +sDay.zfill(2)
    elif sFormatStyle == "yyyy/mm/dd":
        sFormatDay = sYear +"/" +sMonth.zfill(2)+"/" +sDay.zfill(2)
    else:
        sFormatDay = sYear+"-" + sMonth + "-" + sDay
        
    return sFormatDay

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

 3.执行结果：