ORACLE 迁移到 PG 之 ora2pg
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1 ORACLE 迁移到 PG
1.1 使用ora2pg 工具
1.1.1 ora2pg简介
Ora2Pg是一个免费的工具，用于将Oracle数据库迁移到PostgreSQL兼容的模式。它连接您的Oracle数据库，自动扫描并提取它的结构或数据，然后生成可以装载到PostgreSQL数据库的SQL脚本。Ora2Pg可以从逆向工程Oracle数据库到大型企业数据库迁移，或者简单地将一些Oracle数据复制到PostgreSQL数据库中。它非常容易使用，并且不需要任何Oracle数据库知识，而不需要提供连接到Oracle数据库所需的参数。
Ora2Pg 由一个 Perl 脚本（ora2pg）以及一个 Perl 模块（Ora2Pg.pm）组成，唯一需要做的事情就是修改它的配置文件 ora2pg.conf，设置连接 Oracle 数据库的 DSN 和一个可选的模式名称。完成之后，只需要设置导出的类型：TABLE（包括约束）、VIEW、MVIEW、TABLESPACE、SEQUENCE、INDEXES、TRIGGER、GRANT、FUNCTION、PROCEDURE、PACKAGE、PARTITION、TYPE、INSERT 或 COPY、FDW、QUERY、KETTLE 以及 SYNONYM。
默认情况下，Ora2Pg 导出一个文件，可以通过 psql 客户端将文件加载到 PostgreSQL 数据库；但是也可以在配置文件中设置一个数据库的 DSN，直接导入 PostgreSQL 数据库。通过 ora2pg.conf 中的配置选项，可以控制导出的内容和方式。
|
对象 |
ora2pg是否支持 |
|
view |
是 |
|
trigger |
是，某些情况下需要手工修改脚本 |
|
package |
是，某些情况下需要手工修改脚本 |
|
sequence |
是 |
|
function |
是 |
|
procedure |
是，某些情况下需要手工修改脚本 |
|
type |
是，某些情况下需要手工修改脚本 |
|
materialized view |
是，某些情况下需要手工修改脚本 |
1.1.2 环境描述
本实验以ORACLE 11.2.0.3 on LINUX sample 数据为例，迁移psql (11.2) on LINUX .
|
内容 |
源端 |
目标端 |
|
IP |
10.85.10.6 |
10.85.10.5 |
|
数据库 |
oracle 11.2.3 |
postgres 11.2 |
|
实例名 |
PROD1 |
orcl |
|
操作系统 |
redhat 5.4 |
redhat 7.4 |
|
迁移数据 |
SH SCOTT HR |
SH SCOTT HR |
1.1.3 依赖环境安装
perl版本5.10以上
[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y perl perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker [[email protected] ~]# perl -v This is perl 5, version 16, subversion 3 (v5.16.3) built for x86_64-linux-thread-multi (with 33 registered patches, see perl -V for more detail) Copyright 1987-2012, Larry Wall Perl may be copied only under the terms of either the Artistic License or the GNU General Public License, which may be found in the Perl 5 source kit. Complete documentation for Perl, including FAQ lists, should be found on this system using "man perl" or "perldoc perl". If you have access to the Internet, point your browser at http://www.perl.org/, the Perl Home Page.
安装oracle 客户端
1.下载所需的Instant Client RPM软件包。所有安装都需要基本或基本轻型RPM。
2.安装包yum。请注意，从19.3开始，默认情况下，一次只能安装一个版本的Instant Client RPM库。
[[email protected] soft]# rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient12.2-basic-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm [[email protected] soft]#rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient12.2-devel-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm [[email protected] soft]#rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient12.2-jdbc-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm [[email protected] soft]# rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient12.2-sqlplus-12.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
3.在19.3之前，如果Instant Client是此系统上安装的唯一Oracle软件，则更新运行时链接路径，例如：
[[email protected] bin]# echo /usr/lib/oracle/18.3/client64/lib > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/oracle-instantclient.conf
使用ldconfig旧版本的替代方法是LD_LIBRARY_PATH在运行应用程序之前在每个shell中设置环境变量。例如：
[[email protected] bin]# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/18.3/client64/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH export PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/18.3/client64/bin:$PATH
安装DBI
下载地址：https://metacpan.org/release/DBI
# tar -zxvf DBI-1.642.tar.gz # cd DBI-1.642 # perl Makefile.PL # make # make install
安装DBD-Oracle
下载地址：https://sourceforge.net/projects/ora2pg/
设置环境变量; 加载环境变量;因为必须定义ORACLE_HOME环境变量;本例在postgres用户下配置环境变量
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/18.3/client64/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/18.3/client64 # tar -zxvf DBD-Oracle-1.76.tar.gz # source /home/postgres/.bashrc # cd DBD-Oracle-1.76 # perl Makefile.PL # make # make install
安装DBD-PG(可选)
下载地址：https://metacpan.org/release/DBD-Pg/
设置环境变量：
export POSTGRES_HOME=/opt/pgsql/11.2 # tar -zxvf DBD-Pg-3.80.tar.gz # source /home/postgres/.bashrc # cd DBD-Pg-3.8.0 # perl Makefile.PL # make # make install
1.1.4 安装Ora2pg
下载地址：https://sourceforge.net/projects/ora2pg/
[[email protected] ~]# tar -xjf ora2pg-20.0.tar.bz2 [[email protected] ~]# cd ora2pg-xx/ [[email protected] ~]# perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=<your_install_dir> [[email protected] ora2pg-18.2]# make && make install
默认安装在/usr/local/bin/目录下
检查软件环境：
[[email protected] ~]# vi check.pl #!/usr/bin/perl use strict; use ExtUtils::Installed; my $inst= ExtUtils::Installed->new(); my @modules = $inst->modules(); foreach(@modules) my $ver = $inst->version($_) || "???"; printf("%-12s -- %s\n", $_, $ver); exit; [[email protected] bin]# perl check.pl DBD::Oracle -- 1.76 DBD::Pg -- 3.8.0 DBI -- 1.642 Ora2Pg -- 20.0 Perl -- 5.16.3
设置环境变量
export PERL5LIB=<your_install_dir>
#export PERL5LIB=/usr/local/bin/
1.1.5 源端准备工作
更新oracle统计信息 提高性能
BEGIN DBMS_STATS.GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS(‘SH‘); DBMS_STATS.GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS(‘SCOTT‘); DBMS_STATS.GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS(‘HR‘); DBMS_STATS.GATHER_DATABASE_STATS ; DBMS_STATS.GATHER_DICTIONARY_STATS; END;
/
查询源端对像对类型
[email protected]>set pagesize 200 [email protected]>select distinct OBJECT_TYPE from dba_objects where OWNER in (‘SH‘,‘SCOTT‘,‘HR‘) ; OBJECT_TYPE ------------------- INDEX PARTITION TABLE PARTITION SEQUENCE PROCEDURE LOB X TRIGGER DIMENSION X MATERIALIZED VIEW TABLE INDEX VIEW 11 rows selected.
1.1.6 ora2pg导出表结构
配置ora2pg.conf:
默认情况下，Ora2Pg会查找/etc/ora2pg/ora2pg.conf配置文件，如果文件存在，您只需执行：/usr/local/bin/ora2pg
cat /etc/ora2pg/ora2pg.conf.dist | grep -v ^# |grep -v ^$ >ora2pg.conf vi ora2pg.conf [[email protected] ora2pg]# cat ora2pg.conf ORACLE_HOME /usr/lib/oracle/18.3/client64 ORACLE_DSN dbi:Oracle:host=10.85.10.6 ;sid=PROD1;port=1521 ORACLE_USER system ORACLE_PWD oracle SCHEMA SH EXPORT_SCHEMA 1 # 将用户导入到PostgreSQL数据库中 DISABLE_UNLOGGED 1 #避免将NOLOGGING属性设为UNLOGGED SKIP fkeys ukeys checks #跳过外键 唯一 和检查约束 TYPE TABLE,VIEW,GRANT,SEQUENCE,TABLESPACE,PROCEDURE,TRIGGER,FUNCTION,PACKAGE,PARTITION,TYPE,MVIEW,QUERY,DBLINK,SYNONYM,DIRECTORY,TEST,TEST_VIEW NLS_LANG AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8 OUTPUT sh.sql
注：1. 只能同时执行一种类型的导出，因此TYPE指令必须是唯一的。如果您有多个，则只会在文件中找到最后一个。但我测试就可以同时导出多个类型的。
2. 请注意，您可以通过向TYPE指令提供以逗号分隔的导出类型列表来链接多个导出，但在这种情况下，您不能将COPY或INSERT与其他导出类型一起使用。
3. 某些导出类型不能或不应该直接加载到PostgreSQL数据库中，仍然需要很少的手动编辑。GRANT，TABLESPACE，TRIGGER，FUNCTION，PROCEDURE，TYPE，QUERY和PACKAGE导出类型就是这种情况，特别是如果您有PLSQL代码或Oracle特定SQL。
4.对于TABLESPACE，您必须确保系统上存在文件路径，对于SYNONYM，您可以确保对象的所有者和模式对应于新的PostgreSQL数据库设计。
5. 建议导出表结构时，一个类型一个类型的操作，避免其它错误相互影响。
测试连接
设置Oracle数据库DSN后，您可以执行ora2pg以查看它是否有效：
[[email protected] ora2pg]# ora2pg -t SHOW_VERSION -c config/ora2pg.conf WARNING: target PostgreSQL version must be set in PG_VERSION configuration directive. Using default: 11 Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0
迁移成本评估
估算从Oracle到PostgreSQL的迁移过程的成本并不容易。为了获得对此迁移成本的良好评估，Ora2Pg将检查所有数据库对象，所有函数和存储过程，以检测是否仍有一些对象和PL / SQL代码无法由Ora2Pg自动转换。
Ora2Pg具有内容分析模式，该模式检查Oracle数据库以生成有关Oracle数据库包含的内容和无法导出的内容的文本报告。
[[email protected] ora2pg]# ora2pg -t SHOW_REPORT --estimate_cost -c ora2pg.conf WARNING: target PostgreSQL version must be set in PG_VERSION configuration directive. Using default: 11 [========================>] 11/11 tables (100.0%) end of scanning. [========================>] 11/11 objects types (100.0%) end of objects auditing. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ora2Pg v20.0 - Database Migration Report ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Version Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 Schema SH Size 287.25 MB ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Object Number Invalid Estimated cost Comments Details ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DATABASE LINK 0 0 0 Database links will be exported as SQL/MED PostgreSQL‘s Foreign Data Wrapper (FDW) extensions using oracle_fdw. DIMENSION 5 0 0 GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE 0 0 0 Global temporary table are not supported by PostgreSQL and will not be exported. You will have to rewrite some application code to match the PostgreSQL temporary table behavior. INDEX 20 0 3.4 14 index(es) are concerned by the export, others are automatically generated and will do so on PostgreSQL. Bitmap will be exported as btree_gin index(es) and hash index(es) will be exported as b-tree index(es) if any. Domain index are exported as b-tree but commented to be edited to mainly use FTS. Cluster, bitmap join and IOT indexes will not be exported at all. Reverse indexes are not exported too, you may use a trigram-based index (see pg_trgm) or a reverse() function based index and search. Use ‘varchar_pattern_ops‘, ‘text_pattern_ops‘ or ‘bpchar_pattern_ops‘ operators in your indexes to improve search with the LIKE operator respectively into varchar, text or char columns. 11 bitmap index(es). 1 domain index(es). 2 b-tree index(es). INDEX PARTITION 196 0 0 Only local indexes partition are exported, they are build on the column used for the partitioning. JOB 0 0 0 Job are not exported. You may set external cron job with them. MATERIALIZED VIEW 2 0 6 All materialized view will be exported as snapshot materialized views, they are only updated when fully refreshed. SYNONYM 0 0 0 SYNONYMs will be exported as views. SYNONYMs do not exists with PostgreSQL but a common workaround is to use views or set the PostgreSQL search_path in your session to access object outside the current schema. TABLE 11 0 1.1 1 external table(s) will be exported as standard table. See EXTERNAL_TO_FDW configuration directive to export as file_fdw foreign tables or use COPY in your code if you just want to load data from external files. Total number of rows: 1063384. Top 10 of tables sorted by number of rows:. sales has 918843 rows. costs has 82112 rows. customers has 55500 rows. supplementary_demographics has 4500 rows. times has 1826 rows. promotions has 503 rows. products has 72 rows. countries has 23 rows. channels has 5 rows. sales_transactions_ext has 0 rows. Top 10 of largest tables:. TABLE PARTITION 56 0 5.6 Partitions are exported using table inheritance and check constraint. Hash and Key partitions are not supported by PostgreSQL and will not be exported. 56 RANGE partitions.. VIEW 1 0 1 Views are fully supported but can use specific functions. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 291 0 17.10 17.10 cost migration units means approximatively 1 man-day(s). The migration unit was set to 5 minute(s) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Migration level : A-1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Migration levels: A - Migration that might be run automatically B - Migration with code rewrite and a human-days cost up to 5 days C - Migration with code rewrite and a human-days cost above 5 days Technical levels: 1 = trivial: no stored functions and no triggers 2 = easy: no stored functions but with triggers, no manual rewriting 3 = simple: stored functions and/or triggers, no manual rewriting 4 = manual: no stored functions but with triggers or views with code rewriting 5 = difficult: stored functions and/or triggers with code rewriting -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
导出SH表构
[[email protected] ora2pg]# ora2pg -c ora2pg.conf WARNING: target PostgreSQL version must be set in PG_VERSION configuration directive. Using default: 11 [========================>] 11/11 tables (100.0%) end of scanning. [========================>] 12/12 tables (100.0%) end of table export. [========================>] 1/1 views (100.0%) end of output. [========================>] 0/0 sequences (100.0%) end of output. [========================>] 0/0 procedures (100.0%) end of procedures export. [========================>] 0/0 triggers (100.0%) end of output. [========================>] 0/0 functions (100.0%) end of functions export. [========================>] 0/0 packages (100.0%) end of output. [========================>] 56/56 partitions (100.0%) end of output. [========================>] 0/0 types (100.0%) end of output. [========================>] 2/2 materialized views (100.0%) end of output. [========================>] 0/0 dblink (100.0%) end of output. [========================>] 0/0 synonyms (100.0%) end of output. [========================>] 2/2 directory (100.0%) end of output. Fixing function calls in output files....
导出SH用户数据
配置ora2pg.conf 的TYPE 为COPY 或 INSERT
[[email protected] ora2pg]# cp ora2pg.conf sh_data.conf [[email protected] ora2pg]# vi sh_data.conf ORACLE_HOME /usr/lib/oracle/18.3/client64 ORACLE_DSN dbi:Oracle:host=10.85.10.6 ;sid=PROD1;port=1521 ORACLE_USER system ORACLE_PWD oracle SCHEMA SH EXPORT_SCHEMA 1 DISABLE_UNLOGGED 1 SKIP fkeys ukeys checks TYPE COPY NLS_LANG AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8 OUTPUT sh_data.sql
导出数据
[[email protected] ora2pg]# ora2pg -c sh_data.conf WARNING: target PostgreSQL version must be set in PG_VERSION configuration directive. Using default: 11 [========================>] 11/11 tables (100.0%) end of scanning. [========================>] 5/5 rows (100.0%) Table CHANNELS (5 recs/sec) [> ] 5/1063384 total rows (0.0%) - (0 sec., avg: 5 recs/sec). [> ] 0/82112 rows (0.0%) Table COSTS_1995 (0 recs/sec) [> ] 5/1063384 total rows (0.0%) - (0 sec., avg: 5 recs/sec). [> ] 0/82112 rows (0.0%) Table COSTS_H1_1997 (0 recs/sec) [> ] 5/1063384 total rows (0.0%) - (0 sec., avg: 5 recs/sec). [> ] 0/82112 rows (0.0%) Table COSTS_1996 (0 recs/sec) [> ] 5/1063384 total rows (0.0%) - (0 sec., avg: 5 recs/sec). …………………………………………………………… [========================>] 4500/4500 rows (100.0%) Table SUPPLEMENTARY_DEMOGRAPHICS (4500 recs/sec) [=======================> ] 1061558/1063384 total rows (99.8%) - (45 sec., avg: 23590 recs/sec). [========================>] 1826/1826 rows (100.0%) Table TIMES (1826 recs/sec) [========================>] 1063384/1063384 total rows (100.0%) - (45 sec., avg: 23630 recs/sec). [========================>] 1063384/1063384 rows (100.0%) on total estimated data (45 sec., avg: 23630 recs/sec) Fixing function calls in output files...
查看导出的文件：
[[email protected] ora2pg]# ls -lrt *.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15716 Jul 2 21:21 TABLE_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 858 Jul 2 21:21 VIEW_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2026 Jul 2 21:21 TABLESPACE_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 345 Jul 2 21:21 SEQUENCE_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2382 Jul 2 21:21 GRANT_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 344 Jul 2 21:21 TRIGGER_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 346 Jul 2 21:21 PROCEDURE_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 344 Jul 2 21:21 PACKAGE_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 345 Jul 2 21:21 FUNCTION_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6771 Jul 2 21:21 PARTITION_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 341 Jul 2 21:21 TYPE_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 342 Jul 2 21:21 QUERY_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 950 Jul 2 21:21 MVIEW_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 344 Jul 2 21:21 SYNONYM_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 926 Jul 2 21:21 DIRECTORY_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 343 Jul 2 21:21 DBLINK_sh.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 55281235 Jul 2 17:11 sh_data.sql
以同样的方法分别导出HR,SCOTT 用户数据。
1.1.7 在PG环境中创建orcl库
创建ORCL 数据库
[[email protected] ~]# su - postgres Last login: Tue Jul 2 20:04:30 CST 2019 on pts/3 [[email protected] ~]$ createdb orcl [[email protected] ~]$ psql psql (11.2) Type "help" for help. postgres=# \l List of databases Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges -----------+----------+----------+------------+------------+----------------------- orcl | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | pgdb | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | postgres | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | template0 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | =c/postgres + | | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres template1 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.utf8 | en_US.utf8 | =c/postgres + | | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres (5 rows) postgres=#
创建SH,HR,SCOTT 用户：
[[email protected] ~]$ psql orcl psql (11.2) Type "help" for help. orcl=# orcl=# create user sh with password ‘sh‘; CREATE ROLE
1.1.8 导入表结构
注意：由于有物化视图，在TABLE_sh.sql 里包含了物化视图的索引，会创建失败。需先创建表，在创建物化视图，最后创建索引。
取消物化视图索引，后面单独创建：
CREATE INDEX fw_psc_s_mv_chan_bix ON fweek_pscat_sales_mv (channel_id); CREATE INDEX fw_psc_s_mv_promo_bix ON fweek_pscat_sales_mv (promo_id); CREATE INDEX fw_psc_s_mv_subcat_bix ON fweek_pscat_sales_mv (prod_subcategory); CREATE INDEX fw_psc_s_mv_wd_bix ON fweek_pscat_sales_mv (week_ending_day); 取消 tab.sql 中的文本搜索内容 CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION en (COPY = pg_catalog.english); ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION en ALTER MAPPING FOR hword, hword_part, word WITH unaccent, english_stem;
导入表结构
psql orcl -f tab.sql.sql
ALTER TABLE PARTITION sh.sales OWNER TO sh;
COMMENT
COMMENT
COMMENT
COMMENT
COMMENT
COMMENT
COMMENT
ALTER TABLE
ALTER TABLE
ALTER TABLE
………………………………
给对象授权:
cat psql orcl -f GRANT_sh.sql 由于用户已存在需要取消这行 CREATE USER SH WITH PASSWORD ‘change_my_secret‘ LOGIN; 由于物化视图没有创建,需提取出来,后面单独授权 ALTER TABLE sh.fweek_pscat_sales_mv OWNER TO sh; GRANT ALL ON sh.fweek_pscat_sales_mv TO sh;
导入物化视图结构:
物化视图需要相关查询权限,所以导入权限,注意这里要跟上用户
[[email protected] ora2pg]$ psql orcl sh -f MVIEW_sh.sql SELECT 0 SELECT 0 CREATE INDEX CREATE INDEX CREATE INDEX CREATE INDEX
导入视图：
[[email protected] ora2pg]$ psql orcl -f VIEW_sh.sql SET SET SET CREATE VIEW
导入分区表：
[[email protected] ora2pg]$ psql orcl -f PARTITION_sh.sql SET SET SET CREATE TABLE CREATE TABLE CREATE TABLE CREATE TABLE CREATE TABLE CREATE TABLE …………………………
导入数据：
[[email protected] ora2pg]$ psql orcl -f sh_data.sql SET COPY 0 SET COPY 0 SET COPY 0 SET COPY 0 SET COPY 0 SET COPY 0 SET COPY 0 SET COPY 4500 SET COPY 1826 COMMIT
1.1.9 数据验证
源库,目标端抽取部份对象对比：
[email protected]>select count(*) from sh.products; COUNT(*) ---------- 72 orcl=# select count(*) from sh.products; count ------- 72 (1 row) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- [email protected]>select count(*) from sh.channels; COUNT(*) ---------- 5 orcl=# select count(*) from sh.channels; count ------- 5 (1 row) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- [email protected]>select count(*) from sh.customers ; COUNT(*) ---------- 55500 orcl=# select count(*) from sh.customers ; count ------- 55500 (1 row)
1.1.10 生成迁移模板
使用时，两个选项--project_base和--init_project向ora2pg表明他必须创建一个项目模板，其中包含工作树，配置文件和从Oracle数据库导出所有对象的脚本。 生成通用配置文件。 1.创建脚本export_schema.sh以自动执行所有导出。2.创建脚本import_all.sh以自动执行所有导入。例：
mkdir -p /ora2pg/migration [[email protected] ora2pg-20.0]# ora2pg --project_base /ora2pg/migration/ --init_project test_project Creating project test_project. /ora2pg/migration//test_project/ schema/ dblinks/ directories/ functions/ grants/ mviews/ packages/ partitions/ procedures/ sequences/ synonyms/ tables/ tablespaces/ triggers/ types/ views/ sources/ functions/ mviews/ packages/ partitions/ procedures/ triggers/ types/ views/ data/ config/ reports/ Generating generic configuration file Creating script export_schema.sh to automate all exports. Creating script import_all.sh to automate all imports.
1.1.11 Ora2pg 小结
在测试过程中，出现较多问题就是表的关联问题和主外键问题。表结构的导入以及数据的导入，都需要按关联顺序进行操作。 感觉比较适合对象少，关联少的环境操作，或者不导入主外键。
在创建授权的时候,最好是直接内容直接在pgsql 窗口执行。这样有个别报错，也会继续执行后面的授权。然后在最后创建好所有对像后在单独执行失败的授权。
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