Django rest_framework 序列化组件

Posted 2022-03-10 xt12321

serializer序列化组件

一、models准备

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class Book(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)
    publish_date = models.DateField(null=True)
    xx = models.IntegerField(choices=((0, '文学类'), (1, '情感类')), default=1, null=True)
    publish = models.ForeignKey(to='Publish', to_field='nid', on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
    authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author')

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    def xxx(self):
        return '123xxx'

class Author(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age = models.IntegerField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Publish(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    city = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email = models.EmailField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    def xx2(self):
        return 'abc123'

二、序列化的两种方法：

2.1 Serializer

# app01serializer.py
from rest_framework import serializers
from app01 import models

class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    name = serializers.CharField()
    # 指定source=‘name’ ，表示序列化模型表中的name字段，重命名为name1
    # name 和 source=‘name’ 指定的name不能重名
    # name1 = serializers.CharField(source='name')
    # write_only 序列化的时候，该字段不显示
    # read_only 反序列化的时候，该字段不传
    price = serializers.CharField()
    publish = serializers.CharField(source='publish.name')
    # source不但可以制定一个字段，也可以指定一个方法
    # 下面的内容就是指定的方法
    func_con = serializers.CharField(source='xxx')
    # 跨表指定方法
    func_con2 = serializers.CharField(source='publish.xx2')

    book_type = serializers.CharField(source='get_xx_display', read_only=True)
    # 序列化出版社的详情，指定SerializerMethodField之后，可以对应一个方法，
    # 返回什么内容，publish_detail就是什么内容

    publish_detail = serializers.SerializerMethodField(read_only=True)

    # 对应方法固定写法： get_字段名字
    def get_publish_detail(self, obj):
        print(type(obj))
        return 'name': obj.publish.name, 'city': obj.publish.city

    # 返回所有作者信息
    authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField(read_only=True)

    def get_authors(self, obj):
        authorser = AuthorSerializer(obj.authors.all(), many=True)
        return authorser.data

# views.py部分
from app01 import models
from app01.app01serializer import BookSerializer
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response

class Book(APIView):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        response = 'code': 100, 'msg': '查询成功！'
        books = models.Book.objects.all()
        booker = BookSerializer(instance=books, many=True)
        print(type(booker.data))
        response['data'] = booker.data
        return Response(response)

    def post(self, request):
        # 实例化产生一个序列化类的对象，data是要反序列化的字典
        booker = BookSerializer(data=request.data)
        if booker.is_valid(raise_exception=True):  # 校验booker数据格式
            booker.create(booker.validated_data)

        return Response()

2.2 ModelSerializer

# app01serializer.py
from rest_framework import serializers
from app01 import models

class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Book
        fields = '__all__'
        depth = 1  # 跨表 （与下方被注释部分目的一样）
        # exclude=('name')  # 与field不能同时用
"""
    xx = serializers.CharField(source='get_xx_display')
    authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    def get_authors(self, obj):
        ret = AuthorSerializer(instance=obj.authors.all(), many=True)
        return ret.data
"""

# views.py部分
def post(self,request):
        #实例化产生一个序列化类的对象，data是要反序列化的字典
        bookser=BookSerializer(data=request.data)
        # bookser.data
        if bookser.is_valid(raise_exception=True):
            #清洗通过的数据
            bookser.save()
        else:
            print(bookser.errors['name'][0])
        return Response()