nginx实战
Posted daisyyang
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（一）nginx反向代理
1. 安装nginx用到的源：
[epel] name=epel enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7Server/x86_64/
2. 环境部署：
centos7.5
反向代理服务器IP：192.168.42.173
web1服务器IP：192.168.42.122
web2服务器IP:192.168.42.172
3. 下载nginx
yum install -y nginx
4.配置nginx文件，我们实现这样一个效果，静态文件都被代理到192.168.42.122，动态文件都被调度到192.168.42.172，实现动静分离
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf # For more information on configuration, see: # * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/ # * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/ user nginx; worker_processes auto; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /run/nginx.pid; # Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic. include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf; events worker_connections 1024; http log_format main ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘ ‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘ ‘"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"‘; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 65; types_hash_max_size 2048; include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory. # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include # for more information. include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; server listen 80 default_server; listen [::]:80 default_server; server_name _; root /var/www/html; index index.html index.php; # Load configuration files for the default server block. include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf; location ~\\.html$ proxy_pass http://192.168.42.122; location ~^/.*(\\.php)$ proxy_pass http://192.168.42.172; error_page 404 /404.html; location = /40x.html error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html # Settings for a TLS enabled server. # # server # listen 443 ssl http2 default_server; # listen [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server; # server_name _; # root /usr/share/nginx/html; # # ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt"; # ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key"; # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m; # ssl_session_timeout 10m; # ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # # # Load configuration files for the default server block. # include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf; # # location / # # # error_page 404 /404.html; # location = /40x.html # # # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; # location = /50x.html # #
5.进行语法检测，并进行重启nginx
[[email protected] ~]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful [[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart nginx
6.配置web服务端
web服务器192.168.42.122部署：
[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y httpd [[email protected] ~]# echo "i am jamhsiao‘s fans" > /var/www/html/index.html [[email protected] ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html i am jamhsiao‘s fan
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart httpd
web服务器192.168.42.172部署：
[[email protected] ~]# yum install php -y
[[email protected] ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.php [[email protected] ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.php <?php phpinfo(); ?>
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart httpd
7.web服务器关闭安全服务
[[email protected] ~]# iptables -F [[email protected] ~]# iptables -F
8.访问静态页面
9.访问动态界面
（二）nginx实现负载均衡
1.环境部署：
centos7.5
nginx服务器IP:192.168.42.173
web1服务器端IP：192.168.42.122
web2服务器端IP：192.168.42.172
2. 编辑配置文件
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events
worker_connections 1024;
http
log_format main ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘
‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘
‘"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"‘;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
# Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
# See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
# for more information.
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
upstream jam
server 192.168.42.122 weight=1 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=5;
server 192.168.42.172 weight=2 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=5;
server
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name _;
root /var/www/html;
index index.html index.php;
# Load configuration files for the default server block.
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
# location ~ \\.html$
# proxy_pass http://192.168.42.122;
#
# location ~^/.*(\\.php)$
# proxy_pass http://192.168.42.172;
#
location /
proxy_pass http://jam/;
proxy_set_header host $proxy_host;
proxy_set_header realip $remote_addr;
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html
# Settings for a TLS enabled server.
#
# server
# listen 443 ssl http2 default_server;
# listen [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;
# server_name _;
# root /usr/share/nginx/html;
#
# ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";
# ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 10m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
#
# # Load configuration files for the default server block.
# include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
#
# location /
#
#
# error_page 404 /404.html;
# location = /40x.html
#
#
# error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
# location = /50x.html
#
#
3. 检测语法问题并重启nginx
[[email protected] ~]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful [[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart nginx
4. web端与反向代理一样
5.浏览器访问（输入服务端IP）
如果没有出现轮询，可能是浏览器的问题，建议换个浏览器试试。
（三）LNMP架构上线动态网站
1. 下载php-fpm需要用到下面的源
[centos] name=centos base enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/
2. 安装服务程序
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum install nginx php php-mysql php-fpm mariadb-server -y
3.修改配置文件
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf # For more information on configuration, see: # * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/ # * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/ user nginx; worker_processes auto; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /run/nginx.pid; # Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic. include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf; events worker_connections 1024; http log_format main ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘ ‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘ ‘"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"‘; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 65; types_hash_max_size 2048; include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory. # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include # for more information. include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; # upstream jam # server 192.168.42.122 weight=1 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=5; # server 192.168.42.172 weight=2 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=5; # server # listen 80 default_server; # listen [::]:80 default_server; listen 80; server_name _; root /var/www/html; index index.html index.php; # Load configuration files for the default server block. include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf; # location ~ \\.html$ # proxy_pass http://192.168.42.122; # location ~^/.*(\\.php)$ fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; include fastcgi.conf; # location / # proxy_pass http://jam/; # proxy_set_header host $proxy_host; # proxy_set_header realip $remote_addr; # error_page 404 /404.html; location = /40x.html error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html # Settings for a TLS enabled server. # # server # listen 443 ssl http2 default_server; # listen [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server; # server_name _; # root /usr/share/nginx/html; # # ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt"; # ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key"; # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m; # ssl_session_timeout 10m; # ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # # # Load configuration files for the default server block. # include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf; # # location / # # # error_page 404 /404.html; # location = /40x.html # # # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; # location = /50x.html # #
4. 重启nginx和php-fpm
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart nginx [[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart php-fpm
5. 上传wordpress并修改配置文件
以下操作要在 /var/www/html 目录下进行，我懒，就不改了。
[[email protected] ~]# rz [[email protected] ~]# unzip wordpress-3.3.1-zh_CN.zip [[email protected] ~]# ls jam wordpress wordpress-3.3.1-zh_CN.zip [[email protected] ~]# mv wordpress/* . [[email protected] ~]# ls index.php wp-cron.php jam wp-includes license.txt wp-links-opml.php readme.html wp-load.php wordpress wp-login.php wordpress-3.3.1-zh_CN.zip wp-mail.php wp-activate.php wp-pass.php wp-admin wp-register.php wp-app.php wp-settings.php wp-blog-header.php wp-signup.php wp-comments-post.php wp-trackback.php wp-config-sample.php xmlrpc.php wp-content [[email protected] ~]# cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php [[email protected] ~]# vim wp-config.php /** WordPress 数据库的名称 */ define(‘DB_NAME‘, ‘jam‘); /** MySQL 数据库用户名 */ define(‘DB_USER‘, ‘jam‘); /** MySQL 数据库密码 */ define(‘DB_PASSWORD‘, ‘0330‘);
6.重启数据库，创建用户并给权限
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart mariadb [[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g. Your MariaDB connection id is 2 Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\\h‘ for help. Type ‘\\c‘ to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> create database jam; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to [email protected]‘localhost‘ ident ified by "0330"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
7.浏览器访问
以上部署完成，下一篇我会在此基础上做一个小项目：Linux 系统中部署 LNMP 高可用负载均衡架构集群实现动态博客。
敬请期待！！！
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