(算法)排序复习

Posted 2022-03-03 fangdongdemao

选择排序

原理: 当i=0,首先找到最小的元素放在起始的位置,然后i=1,再然后找到最小的元素放到最左i=1的位置,然后i=2,...

动画演示

const SelectSort = arr => 
    if (arr == null || arr.length < 2) 
        return
    
    for (let i = 0; i < arr.length-1; i++) 
        let minIndex = i
        for (let j = i + 1; j < arr.length; j++) 
            if (arr[j] < arr[minIndex]) 
                minIndex=j
            
        
        if (minIndex !== i) 
            swap(arr, i, minIndex)
        
    
    return arr

const swap = (arr, i, j) => 
    arr[i] = arr[i] ^ arr[j]
    arr[j] = arr[i] ^ arr[j]
    arr[i] = arr[i] ^ arr[j]

let arr = [1, 2, 10, 3, 4, 5, 6]
console.log(SelectSort(arr))

插入排序

const InsertSort = arr => 
    if (arr == null || arr.length < 2) 
        return
    
    for (let i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) 
        for (let j = i-1;j>=0&&arr[j]>arr[j+1];j--) 
            swap(arr,j,j+1)
        
    
    return arr

const swap = (arr, i, j) => 
    arr[i] = arr[i] ^ arr[j]
    arr[j] = arr[i] ^ arr[j]
    arr[i] = arr[i] ^ arr[j]

let arr = [1, 2, 10, 3, 4, 5, 6]
console.log(InsertSort(arr))

归并排序

动画

逻辑解释

• 首先,讲数字分割成两份区域,在讲数字分割成两份区域,只到每块区域只有一个元素(这个过程是递归过程)

  const mergeSort=array=>
      if(array.length<2) return array;
      let mid = Math.floor(array.length / 2)
      let left = array.slice(0, mid);
      let right = array.slice(mid);
      return merge(mergeSort(left), mergeSort(right))
  
  举例说明入栈
  [9, 3,4,5, 10,9, 6, 4]
  [9, 3,4,5] | [10,9,6, 4]
  [9,3] | [4,5] | [10,9] | [6,4]
  [9] [3]|[4] [5] |[10][9] | [6] [4]

• 截下来,讲分割的每块区域进行合并组合

[9] [3]|[4] [5] |[10][9] | [6] [4]
出栈
[3,9]|[4,5] |[9,10]|[4,6]
[3,4][5,9]
[3,4,5,9]   | [4,6,9,10]
//left[0]<arr[0]
const merge=(left,right)=>
    let result=[];
    while (left.length > 0 && right.length > 0) 
        if (left[0] < right[0]) 
            result.push(left.shift())
        else
            result.push(right.shift())
        
    
    /*把长度不一样的连接起来*/
    return result.concat(left).concat(right)

桶排序

计数排序

动画

逻辑

• 计算出数组中的最大值
• 建立最大值加一的数组且数组中每一个数为0
• 新的数组进行值得累积
• 下面的打下断点就懂了

const bucketSort = arr => 
    if (arr == null || arr.length < 2) 
        return arr
    
    let max = Math.max(...arr)
    let bucket = Array.from(length: max + 1, v => 0)
    let oArr = []
    for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) 
        //值得累积
        bucket[arr[i]]++
    
    for (let i = 0; i < bucket.length; i++) 
        while (bucket[i]-- > 0) 
            oArr.push(i)
        
    
    return oArr

console.log(bucketSort([10, 9, 7, 6, 3]))

基数排序

动画

//获取每位的数字位数
const getDigit = (x, d) => 
    let a = Math.pow(10, d)
    return Math.floor(x / a) % 10


const radixSort=(arr)=> 
    //最大位数
    let maxDigit = String(Math.max(...arr)).length
    let counter = []

    for (let i = 0; i < maxDigit; i++) 
        for (let j = 0; j < arr.length; j++) 
            let bucket = getDigit(arr[j], i)
            if (counter[bucket] == null) 
                counter[bucket] = []
            
            counter[bucket].push(arr[j])
        
        let pos = 0
        for (let j = 0; j < counter.length; j++) 
            let value = null
            if (counter[j] != null) 
                while ((value = counter[j].shift()) != null) 
                    arr[pos++] = value
                
            
        
    
    return arr


let arr = [3, 44, 38, 5, 47, 15, 36, 26, 27, 2, 46, 4, 19, 50, 48]

console.log(radixSort(arr, 2))
//[2, 3, 4, 5, 15, 19, 26, 27, 36, 38, 44, 46, 47, 48, 50]

自己修改版(不知道会不会写错,因为我自己写错了,所以还是改成前端看起来比较顺眼的)

//获取每位的数字位数
const getDigit = (x, d) => 
    let a = Math.pow(10, d)
    return Math.floor(x / a) % 10

const radixSort = (arr) => 
    let maxDigit = String(Math.max(...arr)).length
    let counter = Array.from(length: 10, () => [])
    for (let i = 0; i < maxDigit; i++) 
        for (let j = 0; j < arr.length; j++) 
            let a = getDigit(arr[j], i)
            counter[a].push(arr[j])
        
        let b=0;
        counter.forEach(val=>
            while (val.length > 0) 
                arr[b++]=val.shift()
            
        )
    
    return arr


let arr = [3, 44, 38, 5, 47, 15, 36, 26, 27, 2, 46, 4, 19, 50, 48]
console.log(radixSort(arr))
//[2, 3, 4, 5, 15, 19, 26, 27, 36, 38, 44, 46, 47, 48, 50]

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