转asp.net(c#)使用HttpWebRequest附加携带请求参数以post方式模拟上传大文件(以图片为例)到Web服务器端
Posted
tags:
篇首语:本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理,主要介绍了转asp.net(c#)使用HttpWebRequest附加携带请求参数以post方式模拟上传大文件(以图片为例)到Web服务器端相关的知识,希望对你有一定的参考价值。
原文地址:http://docode.top/Article/Detail/10002
目录:
2、完整版HttpWebRequest模拟上传文件请求报文内容封装
3、asp.net(c#)使用HttpWebRequest携带请求参数模拟上传文件封装源码下载
一、Http协议上传文件(以图片为例)请求报文体内容格式
首先,我们来看下通过浏览器上传文件的请求报文内容格式,这里以本人自己写的实例为例,如下图。除了能上传图片(即:头像字段),还携带了用户名、密码两个字段,很好的诠释了http带参数上传文件的情形。点击提交按钮后,浏览器会将文件(即头像文件)二进制数据和用户名、密码以post方式发送至服务器。这时我们可以通过抓包工具(如:fiddler)(或者浏览器自带的开发者工具F12)查看请求报文内容。
通过抓包工具获取到携带参数上传文件请求报文体内容格式如下:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
|
POST /PostUploadHandler.ashx HTTP/1.1 Host: localhost:44187 Connection: keep-alive Content-Length: 19839 Cache-Control: max-age=0 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8 Origin: http://localhost:44187 Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.101 Safari/537.36 Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryNSF3vGLxKBlk5kcB Referer: http://localhost:44187/UploadDemo.aspx Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8 ------WebKitFormBoundaryNSF3vGLxKBlk5kcB Content-Disposition: form-data; name="userName" admin ------WebKitFormBoundaryNSF3vGLxKBlk5kcB Content-Disposition: form-data; name="userPwd" 123456 ------WebKitFormBoundaryNSF3vGLxKBlk5kcB Content-Disposition: form-data; name="photo"; filename="1.png" Content-Type: image/png <!--这一行是文件二进制数据--> ------WebKitFormBoundaryNSF3vGLxKBlk5kcB-- |
1、请求头中有一个Content-Type参数(默认值:application/x-www-form-urlencoded),其中multipart/form-data值表示向服务器发送二进制数据,boundary表示请求体的分界线,服务器就是依靠分界线分割请求体来读取数据,此参数值可自定义。
2、请求体依靠boundary有规则的排列参数。每一行字符串后面包含一个换行符“\r\n”,有一个开始分界线(--boundary)和一个结束分界线(--boundary--),参数与参数之间通过--boundary分离,每一个参数的键(key)和值(value)之间包含一个空行即:“\r\n"。
二、完整版HttpWebRequest模拟上传文件请求报文内容封装
通过上面介绍,我们已经清楚了解了http协议上传文件的POST请求报文内容格式,在.net中使用HttpWebRequest上传文件,我们只要按照此格式封装请求报文,即可实现携带参数上传功能了。
为了方便扩展和维护,把所有请求参数(如上传地址url、携带参数、上传文件流等)封装到一个类中,代码如下:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
|
/// <summary> /// 上传文件 - 请求参数类 /// </summary> public class UploadParameterType { public UploadParameterType() { FileNameKey = "fileName" ; Encoding = Encoding.UTF8; PostParameters = new Dictionary< string , string >(); } /// <summary> /// 上传地址 /// </summary> public string Url { get ; set ; } /// <summary> /// 文件名称key /// </summary> public string FileNameKey { get ; set ; } /// <summary> /// 文件名称value /// </summary> public string FileNameValue { get ; set ; } /// <summary> /// 编码格式 /// </summary> public Encoding Encoding { get ; set ; } /// <summary> /// 上传文件的流 /// </summary> public Stream UploadStream { get ; set ; } /// <summary> /// 上传文件 携带的参数集合 /// </summary> public IDictionary< string , string > PostParameters { get ; set ; } } |
新建一个上传文件工具类(命名为:HttpUploadClient),在类中增加上传方法(命名为:Execute),如下所示:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
|
/// <summary> /// Http上传文件类 - HttpWebRequest封装 /// </summary> public class HttpUploadClient { /// <summary> /// 上传执行 方法 /// </summary> /// <param name="parameter">上传文件请求参数</param> public static string Execute(UploadParameterType parameter) { } static bool CheckValidationResult( object sender, X509Certificate certificate, X509Chain chain, SslPolicyErrors errors) { return true ; } } |
Post上传请求体参数是二进制格式的,我们只需要将参数根据以上报文体内容格式拼接好数据,存放在内存流里面,拼接完整后,将整个内存流转换成二进制格式写入到HttpWebRequest请求体中就行,下面我们来一步一步的拼接报文体内容。
1、定义开始结束分界线boundary及拼接开始分界线:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
|
public static string Execute(UploadParameterType parameter) { using (MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream()) { // 1.分界线 string boundary = string .Format( "----{0}" , DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString( "x" )), // 分界线可以自定义参数 beginBoundary = string .Format( "--{0}\r\n" , boundary), endBoundary = string .Format( "\r\n--{0}--\r\n" , boundary); byte [] beginBoundaryBytes = parameter.Encoding.GetBytes(beginBoundary), endBoundaryBytes = parameter.Encoding.GetBytes(endBoundary); // 2.组装开始分界线数据体 到内存流中 memoryStream.Write(beginBoundaryBytes, 0, beginBoundaryBytes.Length); // …… } } |
2、拼接附加携带参数:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
|
// 3.组装 上传文件附加携带的参数 到内存流中 if (parameter.PostParameters != null && parameter.PostParameters.Count > 0) { foreach (KeyValuePair< string , string > keyValuePair in parameter.PostParameters) { string parameterHeaderTemplate = string .Format( "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"\r\n\r\n{1}\r\n{2}" , keyValuePair.Key, keyValuePair.Value, beginBoundary); byte [] parameterHeaderBytes = parameter.Encoding.GetBytes(parameterHeaderTemplate); memoryStream.Write(parameterHeaderBytes, 0, parameterHeaderBytes.Length); } } |
3、拼接上传文件体及结束分界线boundary(需要注意的是Content-Type的值是:application/octet-stream):
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
|
// 4.组装文件头数据体 到内存流中 string fileHeaderTemplate = string .Format( "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"; filename=\"{1}\"\r\nContent-Type: application/octet-stream\r\n\r\n" , parameter.FileNameKey, parameter.FileNameValue); byte [] fileHeaderBytes = parameter.Encoding.GetBytes(fileHeaderTemplate); memoryStream.Write(fileHeaderBytes, 0, fileHeaderBytes.Length); // 5.组装文件流 到内存流中 byte [] buffer = new byte [1024 * 1024 * 1]; int size = parameter.UploadStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); while (size > 0) { memoryStream.Write(buffer, 0, size); size = parameter.UploadStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); } // 6.组装结束分界线数据体 到内存流中 memoryStream.Write(endBoundaryBytes, 0, endBoundaryBytes.Length); |
4、通过以上步骤,上传文件请求体内容数据已经拼接完成,接下来就是对HttpWebRequest对象的属性设置(如:请求地址Url,请求方法Method,Content-Type等),把整个上传文件请求体内存流写入到HttpWebRequest对象的请求体中,然后发起上传请求。如下源码:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
|
// 7.获取二进制数据 byte [] postBytes = memoryStream.ToArray(); // 8.HttpWebRequest 组装 HttpWebRequest webRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create( new Uri(parameter.Url, UriKind.RelativeOrAbsolute)); webRequest.Method = "POST" ; webRequest.Timeout = 10000; webRequest.ContentType = string .Format( "multipart/form-data; boundary={0}" , boundary); webRequest.ContentLength = postBytes.Length; if (Regex.IsMatch(parameter.Url, "^https://" )) { ServicePointManager.SecurityProtocol = SecurityProtocolType.Tls; ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = CheckValidationResult; } // 9.写入上传请求数据 using (Stream requestStream = webRequest.GetRequestStream()) { requestStream.Write(postBytes, 0, postBytes.Length); requestStream.Close(); } // 10.获取响应 using (HttpWebResponse webResponse = (HttpWebResponse)webRequest.GetResponse()) { using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(webResponse.GetResponseStream(), parameter.Encoding)) { string body = reader.ReadToEnd(); reader.Close(); return body; } } |
完整版HttpWebRequest模拟上传文件代码如下:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
|
/// <summary> /// Http上传文件类 - HttpWebRequest封装 /// </summary> public class HttpUploadClient { /// <summary> /// 上传执行 方法 /// </summary> /// <param name="parameter">上传文件请求参数</param> public static string Execute(UploadParameterType parameter) { using (MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream()) { // 1.分界线 string boundary = string .Format( "----{0}" , DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString( "x" )), // 分界线可以自定义参数 beginBoundary = string .Format( "--{0}\r\n" , boundary), endBoundary = string .Format( "\r\n--{0}--\r\n" , boundary); byte [] beginBoundaryBytes = parameter.Encoding.GetBytes(beginBoundary), endBoundaryBytes = parameter.Encoding.GetBytes(endBoundary); // 2.组装开始分界线数据体 到内存流中 memoryStream.Write(beginBoundaryBytes, 0, beginBoundaryBytes.Length); // 3.组装 上传文件附加携带的参数 到内存流中 if (parameter.PostParameters != null && parameter.PostParameters.Count > 0) { foreach (KeyValuePair< string , string > keyValuePair in parameter.PostParameters) { string parameterHeaderTemplate = string .Format( "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"\r\n\r\n{1}\r\n{2}" , keyValuePair.Key, keyValuePair.Value, beginBoundary); byte [] parameterHeaderBytes = parameter.Encoding.GetBytes(parameterHeaderTemplate); memoryStream.Write(parameterHeaderBytes, 0, parameterHeaderBytes.Length); } } // 4.组装文件头数据体 到内存流中 string fileHeaderTemplate = string .Format( "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"; filename=\"{1}\"\r\nContent-Type: application/octet-stream\r\n\r\n" , parameter.FileNameKey, parameter.FileNameValue); byte [] fileHeaderBytes = parameter.Encoding.GetBytes(fileHeaderTemplate); memoryStream.Write(fileHeaderBytes, 0, fileHeaderBytes.Length); // 5.组装文件流 到内存流中 byte [] buffer = new byte [1024 * 1024 * 1]; int size = parameter.UploadStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); while (size > 0) { memoryStream.Write(buffer, 0, size); size = parameter.UploadStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); } // 6.组装结束分界线数据体 到内存流中 memoryStream.Write(endBoundaryBytes, 0, endBoundaryBytes.Length); // 7.获取二进制数据 byte [] postBytes = memoryStream.ToArray(); // 8.HttpWebRequest 组装 HttpWebRequest webRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create( new Uri(parameter.Url, UriKind.RelativeOrAbsolute)); webRequest.Method = "POST" ; webRequest.Timeout = 10000; webRequest.ContentType = string .Format( "multipart/form-data; boundary={0}" , boundary); webRequest.ContentLength = postBytes.Length; if (Regex.IsMatch(parameter.Url, "^https://" )) { ServicePointManager.SecurityProtocol = SecurityProtocolType.Tls; ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = CheckValidationResult; } // 9.写入上传请求数据 using (Stream requestStream = webRequest.GetRequestStream()) { requestStream.Write(postBytes, 0, postBytes.Length); requestStream.Close(); } // 10.获取响应 using (HttpWebResponse webResponse = (HttpWebResponse)webRequest.GetResponse()) { using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(webResponse.GetResponseStream(), parameter.Encoding)) { string body = reader.ReadToEnd(); reader.Close(); return body; } } } } static bool CheckValidationResult( object sender, X509Certificate certificate, X509Chain chain, SslPolicyErrors errors) { return true ; } } |
为了验证封装是否正确,可以写一个控制台应用程序来模拟Http协议上传文件(以图片为例),结果如图: