Django中rest_framework的认证组件,权限组件,频率组件,序列化组件的最简化版接口

Posted 2022-02-16 gyc-tzx

url

urlpatterns = [
    url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls),

    url(r‘^login/‘, views.Login.as_view()),

    # Book表
    url(r‘^books/$‘,views.BookHandle.as_view(
        ‘get‘:‘list‘,
        ‘post‘:‘create‘
    )),
    url(r‘^books/(?P<pk>\d+)/‘,views.BookHandle.as_view(
        ‘get‘:‘retrieve‘,
        ‘put‘:‘update‘,
        ‘delete‘:‘destroy‘
    )),
# ‘get‘: ‘retrieve‘,
# ‘put‘: ‘update‘,
# ‘delete‘: ‘destroy‘

    # Author表
    url(r‘^authors/$‘,views.AuthorHandle.as_view(
        ‘get‘:‘list‘,
        ‘post‘:‘create‘
    )),
    url(r‘^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)/‘,views.AuthorHandle.as_view(
        ‘get‘:‘retrieve‘,
        ‘put‘:‘update‘,
        ‘delete‘:‘destroy‘
    )),

    # Publish表
    url(r‘^publishs/$‘,views.PublishHandle.as_view(
        ‘get‘:‘list‘,
        ‘post‘:‘create‘
    )),
    url(r‘^publishs/(?P<pk>\d+)/‘,views.PublishHandle.as_view(
        ‘get‘:‘retrieve‘,
        ‘put‘:‘update‘,
        ‘delete‘:‘destroy‘
    )),
]

　　

view

from app01.all_serializers import BookSerializer,AuthorSerializer,PublishSerializer
from app01 import models
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import APIView
import uuid

# Create your views here.


# 登陆设置token,为认证做铺垫
class Login(APIView):
    # 200:成功 400:失败
    dic = ‘code‘:None,‘username‘:None,‘msg‘:None,‘token‘:None
    def post(self,request):
        uname = request.data.get(‘username‘)
        upwd = request.data.get(‘password‘)
        user_obj = models.User.objects.filter(username=uname,password=upwd).first()
        if user_obj:
            random_str = uuid.uuid4()
            models.My_token.objects.update_or_create(
                defaults=‘token‘:random_str,
                user = user_obj
            )
            self.dic[‘code‘] = 200
            self.dic[‘username‘] = uname
            self.dic[‘msg‘] = ‘登陆成功‘
            self.dic[‘token‘] = random_str

        else:
            self.dic[‘code‘] = 400
            self.dic[‘msg‘] = ‘登陆失败‘

        return Response(self.dic)


# 认证组件的类
from rest_framework.exceptions import AuthenticationFailed  #认证失败,抛出异常
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication

class UserInfo(BaseAuthentication):
    # 这个方法可以pass,但是必须存在
    def authenticate_header(self,request):
        pass

    # authenticate方法固定的,并且必须有个参数，这个参数是新的request对象，不信，看源码
    def authenticate(self,request):
        # query_params相当于GET.get,获取get请求时,?后面携带的参数
        token = request.query_params.get(‘token‘)
        my_token_obj = models.My_token.objects.filter(token=token).first()
        if my_token_obj:
            # 返回的第一个参数request.user是User表的对象,第二个参数request.auth是token
            return my_token_obj.user,token
        else:
            raise AuthenticationFailed(‘认证失败‘)


#权限组件的类
from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermission

class UserPermission(BasePermission):
    message = ‘VIP以上权限才能访问‘
    # 这个方法必须存在
    def has_permission(self,request,view):
        # 认证组件的时候,返回两个值,一个是request.user,一个是request.auth.
        if request.user.usertype >= 2 :
            return True
        return False
        # return True


#访问频率组件的类
from rest_framework.throttling import BaseThrottle
import time

#定义一个全局字典,保证用户访问过后,这个字典里面的值还存在
throttle_dic = 
class MyThrottle(BaseThrottle):

    mytime = 10
    mycount = 5
    # 当前请求的时间

    # 定义方法 方法名和参数不能变
    def allow_request(self, request, view):
        # 获取登录主机的id
        id = request.META.get(‘REMOTE_ADDR‘)

        # 定义一个类变量,因为wait方法会用到
        self.now_time = time.time()

        # 当这个主机ID 没有请求过,请继续执行
        if id not in throttle_dic:
            throttle_dic[id] = []

        # 定义一个类变量,用来定义这个字典里面的列表,在wait方法中会用到
        self.lis = throttle_dic[id]
        # 当这个主机ID有值,且当前时间-列表最后存的时间,大于时间间隔10s时,删除掉最后存的时间,依次循环
        while self.lis and self.now_time - self.lis[-1] >= self.mytime :
            self.lis.pop()
        # 当主机ID里面存的数据的数量小于定义的频率次数(5次),把当前时间存入这个列表,且证明可以访问
        if len(self.lis) < self.mycount :
            self.lis.insert(0,self.now_time)
            return True
        # 否则,说明在规定的时间内,访问的次数超过上限
        else:
            return False

    # 这个方法必须存在
    def wait(self):
        return self.lis[-1] + self.mytime - self.now_time

#书籍表的视图函数
class BookHandle(ModelViewSet):
    #添加认证组件,参数不能变
    authentication_classes = [UserInfo,]
    #添加权限组件,参数不能变
    permission_classes = [UserPermission,]
    #添加频率组件,参数不能变
    throttle_classes = [MyThrottle,]

    queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
    # 序列化组件,必须要有
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

#作者表的视图函数
class AuthorHandle(ModelViewSet):
    # 添加认证组件,参数不能变
    authentication_classes = [UserInfo, ]
    # 添加权限组件,参数不能变
    permission_classes = [UserPermission, ]
    # 添加频率组件,参数不能变
    throttle_classes = [MyThrottle, ]

    queryset = models.Author.objects.all()
    # 序列化组件,必须要有
    serializer_class = AuthorSerializer

#出版社表的序列化组件
class PublishHandle(ModelViewSet):
    # 添加认证组件,参数不能变
    authentication_classes = [UserInfo, ]
    # 添加权限组件,参数不能变
    permission_classes = [UserPermission, ]
    # 添加频率组件,参数不能变
    throttle_classes = [MyThrottle, ]

    queryset = models.Publish.objects.all()
    # 序列化组件,必须要有
    serializer_class = PublishSerializer

　　

all_serializers

from rest_framework import serializers
from app01 import models

# Book表的序列化组件
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Book
        fields = ‘__all__‘
    #多对一字段(不要跟字段名重名) 参数source,read_only这两个参数要有
    publish_name = serializers.CharField(max_length=32,source=‘publish.name‘,read_only=True)

    #多对多字段(不要跟字段名重名)
    author_name = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    def get_author_name(self,obj):
        lis = []
        author_obj_list = obj.authors.all()

        for author_obj in author_obj_list:
            dic = 
            dic[‘name‘] = author_obj.name
            lis.append(dic)

        return lis


# Author表的序列化组件
class AuthorSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Author
        fields = ‘__all__‘


# Publish表的序列化组件
class PublishSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Publish
        fields = ‘__all__‘

　　

models

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class Author(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name=models.CharField( max_length=32)
    age=models.IntegerField()

class AuthorDetail(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    birthday=models.DateField()
    telephone=models.BigIntegerField()
    addr=models.CharField( max_length=64)

class Publish(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name=models.CharField( max_length=32)
    city=models.CharField( max_length=32)
    email=models.EmailField()
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Book(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    title = models.CharField( max_length=32)
    # publishDate=models.DateField()
    price=models.DecimalField(max_digits=5,decimal_places=2) 
    publish=models.ForeignKey(to="Publish",to_field="nid",on_delete=models.CASCADE) #多对一到Publish表
    authors=models.ManyToManyField(to=‘Author‘,) #多对多到Author表

class User(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    my_type = ((1,‘IP‘),(2,‘VIP‘),(3,‘SVIP‘))
    usertype = models.IntegerField(choices=my_type,default=1)

class My_token(models.Model):
    token = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    user = models.OneToOneField(‘User‘)