selenium 全天课整理

Posted 2022-01-31 xiaoxiao075

# encoding=utf-8
‘‘‘
selenium 全天 二

‘‘‘

#unittest例子

from selenium import webdriver
import unittest,time
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains



class VisitSogouBaiduByChrome(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=‘f:\\chromedriver‘)
        self.url1= ‘https://www.baidu.com‘
        self.url2 = ‘https://cn.bing.com‘
        self.wwait=WebDriverWait(self.driver,10,0.4)

    def test_visit_baidu(self):
        self.driver.get(self.url1)
        print(‘当前网页为：‘, self.driver.current_url)
        self.wwait.until(lambda x:x.find_element_by_id(‘kw‘)).send_keys(‘我是谁‘)
        self.wwait.until(lambda x:x.find_element_by_id(‘su‘)).click()
        time.sleep(3)

        assert ‘成龙‘ in self.driver.page_source

    def test_visit_bing(self):
        self.driver.get(self.url2)
        print(‘当前网页为：‘, self.driver.current_url)
        self.wwait.until(lambda x:x.find_element_by_id(‘sb_form_q‘)).send_keys(‘猫鼠游戏‘)
        self.wwait.until(lambda x:x.find_element_by_id(‘sb_form_go‘)).click()
        time.sleep(3)

        assert ‘莱昂纳多‘ in self.driver.page_source

    def tearDown(self):
        self.driver.quit()

if __name__==‘__main__‘:
    unittest.main()

‘‘‘
#执行的顺序：
set_up  #每个test的初始化
test_visitsogou  #方法名称必须test开头
teardown
set_up
test_visitbaidu
teardown  #每个test的结束执行
‘‘‘

************************selenium API 基本操作  *************************

#页面后退、前进

driver.back()
driver.forward()

#页面刷新
driver.refresh()  #强制刷新 不使用浏览器的缓存

#页面最大化
driver.maximize_window()

#获取、设置窗口的坐标 左上角 0,0 往右+100 往下+200
driver.get_window_position()

#设置窗口大小self.driver.get_window_size()、self.driver.set_window_size()
driver.get_window_size()
driver.set_window_size(width = 200, height = 400, windowHandle=‘current‘)
driver.get_window_size(windowHandle=‘current‘)

#窗口的名称
driver.title

#获取到网页的源码,比http协议requests获取的源码全，js都可以执行后获取
driver.page_source

#获取当前页面的url
driver.current_url


********************************切换不同窗口 window_handles,driver.switch_to.window(now_handle)********************

import unittest
import time
import chardet
from selenium import webdriver


class VisitSogouByIE(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        # 启动IE浏览器
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path="f:\\chromedriver")

    def test_operateWindowHandle(self):
        url = "https://www.baidu.com"
        self.driver.get(url)

        # 获取当前窗口句柄
        now_handle = self.driver.current_window_handle

        # 百度搜索输入框中输入“w3cschool”
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys("w3cschool")
        # 点击搜索按钮
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("su").click()
        time.sleep(3)

        # 点击w3school在线教育链接
        self.driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id=‘2‘]/h3/a").click()
        time.sleep(5)
        print("++++", self.driver.window_handles)

        # 循环遍历所有新打开的窗口句柄，也就是说不包括主窗口
        for handle in self.driver.window_handles:
            if handle != now_handle:
                # 切换窗口
                self.driver.switch_to.window(handle)  #切换窗口，也可以用下面的方法，但此种方法在selenium3.x以后官方已经不推荐使用了self.driver.switch_to_window(handle)
                # 点击html5链接
                self.driver.find_element_by_link_text(‘HTML5‘).click()
                time.sleep(3)
                # 关闭当前的窗口
                self.driver.close()  # 不能用self.driver.quit() 否则整个浏览器会退出
        time.sleep(3)
        # 返回主窗口
        self.driver.switch_to.window(now_handle)

        time.sleep(2)
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("kw").clear()
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys(u"光荣之路自动化测试培训")
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("su").click()
        time.sleep(5)

    def tearDown(self):
        # 退出浏览器
        self.driver.quit()


if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    unittest.main()


**********************************另一种方式切换不同的窗口，window_handles,判断driver.title==""**********************

import unittest
import time
from selenium import webdriver

class VisitSogouByIE(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        # 启动chrome浏览器
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path="f:\\chromedriver")

    def test_operateWindowHandle(self):
        url = "http://www.baidu.com"
        self.driver.get(url)
        # 获取当前窗口句柄
        now_handle = self.driver.current_window_handle

        # 百度搜索输入框中输入“w3cschool”
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys("w3cschool")
        # 点击搜索按钮
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("su").click()
        time.sleep(3)
        # 点击w3school在线教育链接
        self.driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id=‘2‘]/h3/a").click()

        time.sleep(5)
        # 获取所有窗口句柄
        all_handles = self.driver.window_handles
        # 循环遍历所有新打开的窗口句柄，也就是说不包括主窗口
        for handle in all_handles:
            self.driver.switch_to.window(handle)

            if self.driver.title == "w3school 在线教程":
                # 点击HTML5链接
                self.driver.find_element_by_link_text(‘HTML5‘).click()
                time.sleep(3)
            if self.driver.title == "w3cschool_百度搜索":
                time.sleep(2)
                self.driver.find_element_by_id("kw").clear()
                self.driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys("我是谁")
                self.driver.find_element_by_id("su").click()
                time.sleep(5)

    def tearDown(self):
        # 退出IE浏览器
        self.driver.quit()

if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    unittest.main()


******************************组合按键keyDown(keyName)、keyUp(keyName)*********************


import win32api
import win32con
import time

VK_CODE =
    ‘enter‘:0x0D,
    ‘ctrl‘:0x11,
    ‘a‘:0x41,
    ‘v‘:0x56,
    ‘x‘:0x58,
    ‘t‘:0x54
    

#键盘键按下
def keyDown(keyName):
    win32api.keybd_event(VK_CODE[keyName], 0, 0, 0)
#键盘键抬起
def keyUp(keyName):
    win32api.keybd_event(VK_CODE[keyName], 0, win32con.KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, 0)

#(方法1)浏览器新开一个窗口 ctrl+t
keyDown(‘ctrl‘)
keyDown(‘t‘)
keyUp(‘t‘)
keyUp(‘ctrl‘)

#(方法2) 浏览器新开一个窗口
open_window=‘window.open("http://www.baidu.com");‘ #新开一个空白窗口 open_window=‘window.open();‘
driver.execute_script(open_window)

#获取元素的属性
news_element=driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[text()=‘新闻‘]")
print("元素的标签名：", newsElement.tag_name)
print("元素的size：", newsElement.size)
print("元素的文本：",newsElement.text)
print("元素的链接：",newsElement.get_attribute("href"))
print("元素的链接：", newsElement.get_property("href"))

#判断元素是否可见

div2.is_displayed()

#判断元素是否可操作，及通过 js 修改元素可操作

input1.is_enabled()
driver.execute_script("document.getElementById(‘input2‘).disabled=false;")

#获取页面文本框输入的内容 
input_box=driver.find_element_by_id("kw")
input_box.send_keys("w3cschool")
print(input_box.get_attribute(‘value‘))

#获取页面元素的css的属性值

searchBox =driver.find_element_by_id("kw")
# 使用页面元素对象的value_of_css_property()方法获取元素的CSS属性值
print (u"搜索输入框的高度是：", searchBox.value_of_css_property("height"))
print (u"搜索输入框的宽度是：", searchBox.value_of_css_property("width"))
font = searchBox.value_of_css_property("font-family")
print (u"搜索输入框的字体是：", font)
# 断言搜索输入框的字体是否是arial字体
assert font=="arial"

#文本框清空 input_box.clear()

#页面元素双击 

from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
ActionChains(driver).double_click(inputBox).perform()

#操作下拉框（普通方式）

select = self.driver.find_element_by_name("fruit")
all_options = select.find_elements_by_tag_name("option") #注意这个返回列表
for option in all_options:
    print (u"选项显示的文本：", option.text)
    print (u"选项值为：", option.get_attribute("value"))
    option.click()

    
*************************Select方式操作下拉框*************************


from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select

select_element = Select(self.driver.find_element_by_xpath("//select"))
# 打印默认选中项的文本
print (select_element.first_selected_option.text)
#下拉框的所有选项
all_options = select_element.options

#下拉框已选择的所有选项
select_element.all_selected_options

#选择选项的三种方式
#通过序号
select_element.select_by_index(1)
#通过选项的显示文本
select_element.select_by_visible_text("猕猴桃")
#通过选项的value属性值
select_element.select_by_value("shanzha")

#多选框的操作同上面下拉框

# 取消所有已选中项
select_element.deselect_all()

select_element.select_by_index(1)
select_element.select_by_visible_text("荔枝")
select_element.select_by_value("juzi")

# 通过选项文本取消已选中的文本为“荔枝”选项
select_element.deselect_by_visible_text("荔枝")
# 通过序号取消已选中的序号为1的选项
select_element.deselect_by_index(1)
# 通过选项的value属性值取消已选中的value=“juzi”的选项
select_element.deselect_by_value("juzi")


#可以输入内容筛选的下拉框,选择提示的下拉内容，只支持IE
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

driver.find_element_by_id("select").send_keys("c") #根据输入，下拉框提示筛选结果
driver.find_element_by_id("select").send_keys( Keys.ARROW_DOWN) #按向下键 选择结果
driver.find_element_by_id("select").send_keys( Keys.ARROW_DOWN)
driver.find_element_by_id("select").send_keys( Keys.ENTER)

#单选框的操作，直接通过xpath定位，然后click()

berryRadio = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@value=‘berry‘]")
# 点击选择“草莓”选项
berryRadio.click()


#复选框操作,直接通过xpath定位，然后click()选中，再次click()取消选择

berryCheckBox = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@value=‘berry‘]")
# 点击选择“草莓”选项
berryCheckBox.click()


#断言，assert
assert "首页" in driver.page_source, "页面源码中不存在该关键字！"  #如果断言失败，提示的错误信息



*****************************浏览器内部，截屏get_screen_shot_as_file(filepath)***********************


result = driver.get_screenshot_as_file(r"e:\screenPicture.png")
print (result)  #成功返回True


#截图 不只是浏览器 屏幕都可以截图，不能滚屏

from PIL import ImageGrab
im=ImageGrab.grab()
im.save("e:\\1.jpg","jpeg")


#创建当前日期（年月日）的目录，然后截图（时分秒.png）存到目录

import os
import os.path
import time
from selenium import webdriver
urls=["http://www.baidu.com","http://www.sogou.com","http://cn.bing.com"]

dir_name=time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d",time.localtime())
if not os.path.exists("e:\\"+dir_name):
    os.mkdir("e:\\"+dir_name)
driver = webdriver.Ie(executable_path = "f:\\IEDriverServer")
os.chdir("e:\\"+dir_name)
for url in urls:
    driver.get(url)
    driver.get_screenshot_as_file(time.strftime("%H-%M-%S",time.localtime())+".png")


************************************页面元素拖拽*****************************

import unittest
import time
import chardet
from selenium import webdriver
 
class VisitSogouByIE(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        #启动IE浏览器
        #self.driver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path = "e:\\geckodriver")
        #self.driver = webdriver.Ie(executable_path = "f:\\IEDriverServer")
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path = "f:\\chromedriver")
        
    def test_dragPageElement(self):
        url = "http://jqueryui.com/resources/demos/draggable/scroll.html"
        # 访问被测试网页
        self.driver.get(url)
        # 获取页面上第一个能拖拽的页面元素
        initialPosition = self.driver.find_element_by_id("draggable")
        # 获取页面上第二个能拖拽的页面元素
        targetPosition = self.driver.find_element_by_id("draggable2")
        # 获取页面上第三个能拖拽的页面元素
        dragElement = self.driver.find_element_by_id("draggable3")
        # 导入提供拖拽元素方法的模块ActionChains
        from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
        import time
        """
        创建一个新的ActionChains，将webdriver实例对象driver作为参数值传入
        然后通过WebDriver实例执行用户动作。
        """
        action_chains = ActionChains(self.driver)
        # 将页面上第一个能被拖拽的元素拖拽到第二个元素位置
        action_chains.drag_and_drop(initialPosition, targetPosition).perform()
        # 将页面上第三个能拖拽的元素，向右下拖动10个像素，共拖动5次
        for i in range(5):
            action_chains.drag_and_drop_by_offset(dragElement, 10, 10).perform()
            time.sleep(2)



    def tearDown(self):
        # 退出IE浏览器
        self.driver.quit()

if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    unittest.main()
    
    
********************************页面的键盘事件 send_keys(Keys.ENTER)*************************

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
input_box.send_keys(Keys.F12) #IE浏览器打开调试模式
input_box.send_keys("selenium")
#点击回车键
# 或者使用query.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)
query.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)


**********************键盘事件 的例子************************ 


import unittest
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import win32clipboard as w
import win32con
import time
import win32api


# 读取剪切板
def getText():
    w.OpenClipboard()
    d = w.GetClipboardData(win32con.CF_TEXT)
    w.CloseClipboard()
    return d

# 设置剪切板内容
def setText(aString):
    w.OpenClipboard()
    w.EmptyClipboard()
    w.SetClipboardData(win32con.CF_UNICODETEXT, aString)
    w.CloseClipboard()

VK_CODE =
    ‘enter‘:0x0D,
    ‘ctrl‘:0x11,
    ‘a‘:0x41,
    ‘v‘:0x56,
    ‘x‘:0x58
    

#键盘键按下
def keyDown(keyName):
    win32api.keybd_event(VK_CODE[keyName], 0, 0, 0)

#键盘键抬起
def keyUp(keyName):
    win32api.keybd_event(VK_CODE[keyName], 0, win32con.KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, 0)

content = ‘我是谁‘
# 将content变量中的内容设置到剪切板中
setText(content)
# 从剪切板中获取刚设置到剪切板中的内容
getContent = getText()
print ("剪切板中的内容：",getContent.decode("gbk"))  #注意需要转换字符串类型

# 将焦点切换到搜索输入框中
driver.find_element_by_id("kw").click()

keyDown(‘ctrl‘)
keyDown(‘v‘)
# 释放Ctrl + v组合键
keyUp(‘v‘)
keyUp(‘ctrl‘)
# 点击“百度一下”搜索按钮
self.driver.find_element_by_id(‘su‘).click()


********************** ActionChains 执行ctrl+a ctrl+x ctrl+v****************************


import unittest
import time
import chardet
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

 
ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys(‘a‘).key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform()  #ctrl+a
ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys(‘x‘).key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform()  #ctrl+x

driver.get(url)
driver.find_element_by_id("kw").click()
# 模拟Ctrl + V组合键，将从剪切板中获取到的内容粘贴到搜索输入框中
ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys(‘v‘).key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform()  #ctrl+v
# 点击“百度一下”搜索按钮
self.driver.find_element_by_id(‘su‘).click()


**********************************利用win32的方式 实现上述例子*************************

import unittest
import time
import chardet
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
# 导入模拟组合按键需要的包
import win32api
import win32con
import time

VK_CODE =
    ‘enter‘:0x0D,
    ‘ctrl‘:0x11,
    ‘a‘:0x41,
    ‘v‘:0x56,
    ‘x‘:0x58,
    ‘t‘:0x54
    

#键盘键按下
def keyDown(keyName):
    win32api.keybd_event(VK_CODE[keyName], 0, 0, 0)
#键盘键抬起
def keyUp(keyName):
    win32api.keybd_event(VK_CODE[keyName], 0, win32con.KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, 0)


# 模拟Ctrl + a，选中输入框中所有的内容
keyDown(‘ctrl‘)
keyDown(‘a‘)
# 释放Ctrl + a组合键
keyUp(‘a‘)
keyUp(‘ctrl‘)
# 模拟Ctrl + x剪切所选中的内容
keyDown(‘ctrl‘)
keyDown(‘x‘)
keyUp(‘x‘)
keyUp(‘ctrl‘)
# 访问百度首页
self.driver.get("http://www.baidu.com")
# 将焦点切换到搜索输入框中
self.driver.find_element_by_id("kw").click()
# 模拟Ctrl + v组合键，进行粘贴
keyDown("ctrl")
keyDown("v")
keyUp(‘v‘)
keyUp(‘ctrl‘)
# 模拟回车键
keyDown(‘enter‘)
keyUp(‘enter‘)


******************************************键盘所有按键的清单***********************************


VK_CODE = 
    ‘backspace‘: 0x08,
    ‘tab‘: 0x09,
    ‘clear‘: 0x0C,
    ‘enter‘: 0x0D,
    ‘shift‘: 0x10,
    ‘ctrl‘: 0x11,
    ‘alt‘: 0x12,
    ‘pause‘: 0x13,
    ‘caps_lock‘: 0x14,
    ‘esc‘: 0x1B,
    ‘spacebar‘: 0x20,
    ‘page_up‘: 0x21,
    ‘page_down‘: 0x22,
    ‘end‘: 0x23,
    ‘home‘: 0x24,
    ‘left_arrow‘: 0x25,
    ‘up_arrow‘: 0x26,
    ‘right_arrow‘: 0x27,
    ‘down_arrow‘: 0x28,
    ‘select‘: 0x29,
    ‘print‘: 0x2A,
    ‘execute‘: 0x2B,
    ‘print_screen‘: 0x2C,
    ‘ins‘: 0x2D,
    ‘del‘: 0x2E,
    ‘help‘: 0x2F,
    ‘0‘: 0x30,
    ‘1‘: 0x31,
    ‘2‘: 0x32,
    ‘3‘: 0x33,
    ‘4‘: 0x34,
    ‘5‘: 0x35,
    ‘6‘: 0x36,
    ‘7‘: 0x37,
    ‘8‘: 0x38,
    ‘9‘: 0x39,
    ‘a‘: 0x41,
    ‘b‘: 0x42,
    ‘c‘: 0x43,
    ‘d‘: 0x44,
    ‘e‘: 0x45,
    ‘f‘: 0x46,
    ‘g‘: 0x47,
    ‘h‘: 0x48,
    ‘i‘: 0x49,
    ‘j‘: 0x4A,
    ‘k‘: 0x4B,
    ‘l‘: 0x4C,
    ‘m‘: 0x4D,
    ‘n‘: 0x4E,
    ‘o‘: 0x4F,
    ‘p‘: 0x50,
    ‘q‘: 0x51,
    ‘r‘: 0x52,
    ‘s‘: 0x53,
    ‘t‘: 0x54,
    ‘u‘: 0x55,
    ‘v‘: 0x56,
    ‘w‘: 0x57,
    ‘x‘: 0x58,
    ‘y‘: 0x59,
    ‘z‘: 0x5A,
    ‘numpad_0‘: 0x60,
    ‘numpad_1‘: 0x61,
    ‘numpad_2‘: 0x62,
    ‘numpad_3‘: 0x63,
    ‘numpad_4‘: 0x64,
    ‘numpad_5‘: 0x65,
    ‘numpad_6‘: 0x66,
    ‘numpad_7‘: 0x67,
    ‘numpad_8‘: 0x68,
    ‘numpad_9‘: 0x69,
    ‘multiply_key‘: 0x6A,
    ‘add_key‘: 0x6B,
    ‘separator_key‘: 0x6C,
    ‘subtract_key‘: 0x6D,
    ‘decimal_key‘: 0x6E,
    ‘divide_key‘: 0x6F,
    ‘F1‘: 0x70,
    ‘F2‘: 0x71,
    ‘F3‘: 0x72,
    ‘F4‘: 0x73,
    ‘F5‘: 0x74,
    ‘F6‘: 0x75,
    ‘F7‘: 0x76,
    ‘F8‘: 0x77,
    ‘F9‘: 0x78,
    ‘F10‘: 0x79,
    ‘F11‘: 0x7A,
    ‘F12‘: 0x7B,
    ‘F13‘: 0x7C,
    ‘F14‘: 0x7D,
    ‘F15‘: 0x7E,
    ‘F16‘: 0x7F,
    ‘F17‘: 0x80,
    ‘F18‘: 0x81,
    ‘F19‘: 0x82,
    ‘F20‘: 0x83,
    ‘F21‘: 0x84,
    ‘F22‘: 0x85,
    ‘F23‘: 0x86,
    ‘F24‘: 0x87,
    ‘num_lock‘: 0x90,
    ‘scroll_lock‘: 0x91,
    ‘left_shift‘: 0xA0,
    ‘right_shift ‘: 0xA1,
    ‘left_control‘: 0xA2,
    ‘right_control‘: 0xA3,
    ‘left_menu‘: 0xA4,
    ‘right_menu‘: 0xA5,
    ‘browser_back‘: 0xA6,
    ‘browser_forward‘: 0xA7,
    ‘browser_refresh‘: 0xA8,
    ‘browser_stop‘: 0xA9,
    ‘browser_search‘: 0xAA,
    ‘browser_favorites‘: 0xAB,
    ‘browser_start_and_home‘: 0xAC,
    ‘volume_mute‘: 0xAD,
    ‘volume_Down‘: 0xAE,
    ‘volume_up‘: 0xAF,
    ‘next_track‘: 0xB0,
    ‘previous_track‘: 0xB1,
    ‘stop_media‘: 0xB2,
    ‘play/pause_media‘: 0xB3,
    ‘start_mail‘: 0xB4,
    ‘select_media‘: 0xB5,
    ‘start_application_1‘: 0xB6,
    ‘start_application_2‘: 0xB7,
    ‘attn_key‘: 0xF6,
    ‘crsel_key‘: 0xF7,
    ‘exsel_key‘: 0xF8,
    ‘play_key‘: 0xFA,
    ‘zoom_key‘: 0xFB,
    ‘clear_key‘: 0xFE,
    ‘+‘: 0xBB,
    ‘,‘: 0xBC,
    ‘-‘: 0xBD,
    ‘.‘: 0xBE,
    ‘/‘: 0xBF,
    ‘`‘: 0xC0,
    ‘;‘: 0xBA,
    ‘[‘: 0xDB,
    ‘\\‘: 0xDC,
    ‘]‘: 0xDD,
    "‘": 0xDE,
    ‘`‘: 0xC0