003-多线程-JUC线程池-几种特殊的ThreadPoolExecutornewFixedThreadPoolnewCachedThreadPoolnewSingleThreadExecuto

Posted bjlhx

tags:

篇首语:本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理,主要介绍了003-多线程-JUC线程池-几种特殊的ThreadPoolExecutornewFixedThreadPoolnewCachedThreadPoolnewSingleThreadExecuto相关的知识,希望对你有一定的参考价值。

一、概述

  在java doc中,并不提倡我们直接使用ThreadPoolExecutor,而是使用Executors类中提供的几个静态方法来创建线程池:

  以下方法是Executors下的静态方法,Executors中所定义的 Executor、ExecutorService、ScheduledExecutorService、ThreadFactory 和 Callable 类的工厂和实用方法。

  Executors只是一个工厂类,它所有的方法返回的都是ThreadPoolExecutorScheduledThreadPoolExecutor这两个类的实例。一共可以创建四种线程池。

1.1、基础类

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class TestThread implements Runnable 
    // 线程私有属性,创建线程时创建
    private Integer num = 0;

    public TestThread(Integer num) 
        this.num = num;
    

    @Override
    public void run() 
        SimpleDateFormat sdf1 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");
        System.out.println("thread:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",time:" + sdf1.format(new Date()) + ",num:" + num);
        try 
            //使线程睡眠,模拟线程阻塞情况
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
         catch (InterruptedException e) 
            e.printStackTrace();
        
        System.out.println("task "+num+"执行完毕");
    

 

0、使用ThreadPoolExecutor 创建使用【不推荐】

    public static void testThreadPoolExecutor() 
        ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(5, 10, 200, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(5));
        for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++) 
            TestThread myTask = new TestThread(i);
            executor.execute(myTask);
            System.out.println("线程池中线程数目:" + executor.getPoolSize() + ",队列中等待执行的任务数目:" +
                    executor.getQueue().size() + ",已执行玩别的任务数目:" + executor.getCompletedTaskCount());
        
        executor.shutdown();
    

 

输出:

技术图片
/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java "-javaagent:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/lib/idea_rt.jar=54880:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/charsets.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/deploy.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/cldrdata.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/dnsns.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/jaccess.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/jfxrt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/localedata.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/nashorn.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunec.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunjce_provider.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/sunpkcs11.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/ext/zipfs.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/javaws.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jce.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jfr.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jfxswt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/jsse.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/management-agent.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/plugin.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/resources.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/rt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/ant-javafx.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/dt.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/javafx-mx.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/jconsole.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/packager.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/sa-jdi.jar:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_172.jdk/Contents/Home/lib/tools.jar:/Users/lihongxu6/IdeaProjects/java-data-structure-algorithm/data-005-jdkstruct/target/classes:/Users/lihongxu6/.m2/repository/junit/junit/4.11/junit-4.11.jar com.github.bjlhx15.datastructure.algorithm.thread.ThreadPoolDemo2
线程池中线程数目:1,队列中等待执行的任务数目:0,已执行完的任务数目:0
线程池中线程数目:2,队列中等待执行的任务数目:0,已执行完的任务数目:0
线程池中线程数目:3,队列中等待执行的任务数目:0,已执行完的任务数目:0
线程池中线程数目:4,队列中等待执行的任务数目:0,已执行完的任务数目:0
线程池中线程数目:5,队列中等待执行的任务数目:0,已执行完的任务数目:0
线程池中线程数目:5,队列中等待执行的任务数目:1,已执行完的任务数目:0
线程池中线程数目:5,队列中等待执行的任务数目:2,已执行完的任务数目:0
线程池中线程数目:5,队列中等待执行的任务数目:3,已执行完的任务数目:0
线程池中线程数目:5,队列中等待执行的任务数目:4,已执行完的任务数目:0
线程池中线程数目:5,队列中等待执行的任务数目:5,已执行完的任务数目:0
线程池中线程数目:6,队列中等待执行的任务数目:5,已执行完的任务数目:0
线程池中线程数目:7,队列中等待执行的任务数目:5,已执行完的任务数目:0
线程池中线程数目:8,队列中等待执行的任务数目:5,已执行完的任务数目:0
线程池中线程数目:9,队列中等待执行的任务数目:5,已执行完的任务数目:0
线程池中线程数目:10,队列中等待执行的任务数目:5,已执行完的任务数目:0
thread:pool-1-thread-6,time:2019-06-19 06:10:53,num:10
thread:pool-1-thread-2,time:2019-06-19 06:10:53,num:1
thread:pool-1-thread-7,time:2019-06-19 06:10:53,num:11
thread:pool-1-thread-5,time:2019-06-19 06:10:53,num:4
thread:pool-1-thread-9,time:2019-06-19 06:10:53,num:13
thread:pool-1-thread-8,time:2019-06-19 06:10:53,num:12
thread:pool-1-thread-4,time:2019-06-19 06:10:53,num:3
thread:pool-1-thread-10,time:2019-06-19 06:10:53,num:14
thread:pool-1-thread-1,time:2019-06-19 06:10:53,num:0
thread:pool-1-thread-3,time:2019-06-19 06:10:53,num:2
task 11执行完毕
task 14执行完毕
task 12执行完毕
task 0执行完毕
task 2执行完毕
task 3执行完毕
task 13执行完毕
task 1执行完毕
task 10执行完毕
task 4执行完毕
thread:pool-1-thread-3,time:2019-06-19 06:10:56,num:9
thread:pool-1-thread-1,time:2019-06-19 06:10:56,num:8
thread:pool-1-thread-10,time:2019-06-19 06:10:56,num:7
thread:pool-1-thread-8,time:2019-06-19 06:10:56,num:6
thread:pool-1-thread-7,time:2019-06-19 06:10:56,num:5
task 8执行完毕
task 5执行完毕
task 7执行完毕
task 9执行完毕
task 6执行完毕

Process finished with exit code 0
View Code

 

1、newFixedThreadPool  //创建固定容量大小的缓冲池

public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads)   
    return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,  
                                  0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,  
                                  new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());  
 
  newFixedThreadPool返回一个包含指定数目【固定大小】线程的线程池ThreadPool,如果任务数量多于线程数目,那么没有没有执行的任务必须等待,直到有任务完成为止。
  newFixedThreadPool创建的线程池corePoolSize和maximumPoolSize值是相等的,它使用的LinkedBlockingQueue;
  示例:
    public static void main(String[] args) 
        ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
        for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) 
            fixedThreadPool.submit(new TestThread((i + 1)));
        
        fixedThreadPool.shutdown();
    

2、newCachedThreadPool //创建一个缓冲池,缓冲池容量大小为Integer.MAX_VALUE,空闲60s销毁

public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool()   
    return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,  
                                  60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,  
                                  new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());  
   

  newCachedThreadPool比较适合没有固定大小并且比较快速就能完成的小任务,没必要维持一个Pool,这比直接new Thread来处理的好处是能在60秒内重用已创建的线程。
  其他类型的ThreadPool看看构建参数再结合上面所说的特性就大致知道它的特性。该线程池不会对线程数目加以限制,完全依赖于JVM能创建线程的数量,可能引起内存不足。

  newCachedThreadPool将corePoolSize设置为0,将maximumPoolSize设置为Integer.MAX_VALUE,使用的SynchronousQueue,也就是说来了任务就创建线程运行,当线程空闲超过60秒,就销毁线程。

    public static void main(String[] args) 
        ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) 
            cachedThreadPool.submit(new TestThread((i + 1)));
        
        cachedThreadPool.shutdown();
    

3、newSingleThreadExecutor //创建容量为1的缓冲池

    public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() 
        return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
            (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1, 0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
    

  newSingleThreadExecutor返回以个包含单线程的Executor,将多个任务交给此Exector时,这个线程处理完一个任务后接着处理下一个任务,若该线程出现异常,将会有一个新的线程来替代。它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务,保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。

  newSingleThreadExecutor将corePoolSize和maximumPoolSize都设置为1,也使用的LinkedBlockingQueue;

  从它们的具体实现来看,它们实际上也是调用了ThreadPoolExecutor,只不过参数都已配置好了。

  实际中,如果Executors提供的三个静态方法能满足要求,就尽量使用它提供的三个方法,因为自己去手动配置ThreadPoolExecutor的参数有点麻烦,要根据实际任务的类型和数量来进行配置。

  另外,如果ThreadPoolExecutor达不到要求,可以自己继承ThreadPoolExecutor类进行重写。

    public static void main(String[] args) 
        ExecutorService singleThreadPool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
        for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) 
            singleThreadPool.submit(new TestThread((i + 1)));
        
        singleThreadPool.shutdown();
    

4、newScheduledThreadPool

可调度线程池

    public static void main(String[] args) 
        ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
        //定时
//        scheduledThreadPool.schedule(new Runnable() 
//            @Override
//            public void run() 
//                SimpleDateFormat sdf1 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");
//                System.out.println("thread:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ",time:" + sdf1.format(new Date()));
//            
//        , 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

        //循环周期执行
        scheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() 
            @Override
            public void run() 
                System.out.println("delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds");
            
        , 1, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    

 

 

以上是关于003-多线程-JUC线程池-几种特殊的ThreadPoolExecutornewFixedThreadPoolnewCachedThreadPoolnewSingleThreadExecuto的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章

Java多线程系列--“JUC线程池”01之 线程池架构

Java多线程系列--“JUC线程池”02之 线程池原理

java多线程系类:JUC线程池:01之线程池架构

Java多线程系列--“JUC线程池”03之 线程池原理

java多线程系类:JUC线程池:03之线程池原理(转)

Java多线程系列--“JUC线程池”03之 线程池原理