玩转 RTC时钟库 DS3231

Posted danpianjicainiao

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1.前言

????接着博主的上一篇 玩转 RTC时钟库 + DS1302,这一篇我们重点讲解DS3231时钟模块。没有看过上一篇的同学,麻烦先去阅读一下,因为很多理论基础已经在上一篇做了详细讲解,这里不再重复。

  • DS3231

2.DS3231介绍

2.1 为什么使用DS3231

????常用的DS1302需要使用外置晶振,且没有温度补偿,误差较大。这就促使了更高精度的时钟芯片 —— DS3231。
????DS3231内置晶振且有内部温度补偿,误差可做到1分钟每年。说白了,精度更高。

2.2 DS3231概述

  • DS3231是一款高精度I2C实时时钟器件,具有集成的温度补偿晶体振荡器,集成的晶体振荡器可提高器件的长期精确度;
  • 该器件包含电池输入端(也就是普通纽扣电池),断开主电源时仍可保持精确计时;
  • DS3231的寄存器能保存秒、分、时、星期、日期、月、年和闹钟设置等信息(除了和DS1302有一样的寄存器之外,还额外闹钟寄存器,这是可以做闹钟应用的一个关键点);
  • 少于31天的月份,可自动调整月末日期,包括闰年补偿。时钟的工作格式为24小时或带AM/PM指示的12小时格式;
  • DS3231提供两个可编程日历闹钟和一路可编程方波输出;
  • DS3231与单片机通过I2C双向串行总线传输地址与数据;
  • 自带存储芯片:AT24C32 EEPROM芯片(存储容量32K,可以存不少东西);

2.3 DS3231电路图&引脚关系

  • 电路图

技术图片

  • 引脚关系

技术图片

2.4 DS3231寄存器

????跟DS1302一样,对于DS3231的操作就是操作对应的寄存器,其寄存器对应关系如下:

技术图片

2.5 RTCDS3231库

????老规矩,先看看源码,博主在源码中加入了部分代码注释:



#ifndef __RTCDS3231_H__
#define __RTCDS3231_H__

#include <Arduino.h>

#include "RtcDateTime.h"
#include "RtcTemperature.h"
#include "RtcUtility.h"


//I2C Slave Address  
const uint8_t DS3231_ADDRESS = 0x68;

//DS3231 Register Addresses
const uint8_t DS3231_REG_TIMEDATE  = 0x00;//日期时间相关寄存器的第一个地址
const uint8_t DS3231_REG_ALARMONE  = 0x07;//闹钟1寄存器
const uint8_t DS3231_REG_ALARMTWO  = 0x0B;//闹钟2寄存器
                                         
const uint8_t DS3231_REG_CONTROL   = 0x0E;//控制寄存器
const uint8_t DS3231_REG_STATUS    = 0x0F;//状态寄存器
const uint8_t DS3231_REG_AGING     = 0x10;
                                         
const uint8_t DS3231_REG_TEMP      = 0x11;

//DS3231 Register Data Size if not just 1
const uint8_t DS3231_REG_TIMEDATE_SIZE = 7;//日期时间相关寄存器的数量
const uint8_t DS3231_REG_ALARMONE_SIZE = 4;//闹钟1寄存器占用空间大小 4字节
const uint8_t DS3231_REG_ALARMTWO_SIZE = 3;//闹钟2寄存器占用空间大小 3字节

const uint8_t DS3231_REG_TEMP_SIZE = 2;

// DS3231 Control Register Bits
const uint8_t DS3231_A1IE  = 0;
const uint8_t DS3231_A2IE  = 1;
const uint8_t DS3231_INTCN = 2;
const uint8_t DS3231_RS1   = 3;
const uint8_t DS3231_RS2   = 4;
const uint8_t DS3231_CONV  = 5;
const uint8_t DS3231_BBSQW = 6;
const uint8_t DS3231_EOSC  = 7;
const uint8_t DS3231_AIEMASK = (_BV(DS3231_A1IE) | _BV(DS3231_A2IE));
const uint8_t DS3231_RSMASK = (_BV(DS3231_RS1) | _BV(DS3231_RS2));

// DS3231 Status Register Bits
const uint8_t DS3231_A1F      = 0;
const uint8_t DS3231_A2F      = 1;
const uint8_t DS3231_BSY      = 2;
const uint8_t DS3231_EN32KHZ  = 3;
const uint8_t DS3231_OSF      = 7;
const uint8_t DS3231_AIFMASK = (_BV(DS3231_A1F) | _BV(DS3231_A2F));


// seconds accuracy
enum DS3231AlarmOneControl

    // bit order:  A1M4  DY/DT  A1M3  A1M2  A1M1
    DS3231AlarmOneControl_HoursMinutesSecondsDayOfMonthMatch = 0x00,
    DS3231AlarmOneControl_OncePerSecond = 0x17,
    DS3231AlarmOneControl_SecondsMatch = 0x16,
    DS3231AlarmOneControl_MinutesSecondsMatch = 0x14,
    DS3231AlarmOneControl_HoursMinutesSecondsMatch = 0x10,
    DS3231AlarmOneControl_HoursMinutesSecondsDayOfWeekMatch = 0x08,
;

class DS3231AlarmOne

public:
    DS3231AlarmOne( uint8_t dayOf,
            uint8_t hour,
            uint8_t minute,
            uint8_t second,
            DS3231AlarmOneControl controlFlags) :
        _flags(controlFlags),
        _dayOf(dayOf),
        _hour(hour),
        _minute(minute),
        _second(second)
    
    

    uint8_t DayOf() const
    
        return _dayOf;
    

    uint8_t Hour() const
    
        return _hour;
    

    uint8_t Minute() const
    
        return _minute;
    

    uint8_t Second() const
    
        return _second;
    

    DS3231AlarmOneControl ControlFlags() const
    
        return _flags;
    

    bool operator == (const DS3231AlarmOne& other) const
    
        return (_dayOf == other._dayOf &&
                _hour == other._hour &&
                _minute == other._minute &&
                _second == other._second &&
                _flags == other._flags);
    

    bool operator != (const DS3231AlarmOne& other) const
    
        return !(*this == other);
    

protected:
    DS3231AlarmOneControl _flags;

    uint8_t _dayOf;
    uint8_t _hour;
    uint8_t _minute;
    uint8_t _second;  
;

// minutes accuracy
enum DS3231AlarmTwoControl

    // bit order:  A2M4  DY/DT  A2M3  A2M2
    DS3231AlarmTwoControl_HoursMinutesDayOfMonthMatch = 0x00,
    DS3231AlarmTwoControl_OncePerMinute = 0x0b,
    DS3231AlarmTwoControl_MinutesMatch = 0x0a,
    DS3231AlarmTwoControl_HoursMinutesMatch = 0x08,
    DS3231AlarmTwoControl_HoursMinutesDayOfWeekMatch = 0x04,
;

class DS3231AlarmTwo

public:
    DS3231AlarmTwo( uint8_t dayOf,
            uint8_t hour,
            uint8_t minute,
            DS3231AlarmTwoControl controlFlags) :
        _flags(controlFlags),
        _dayOf(dayOf),
        _hour(hour),
        _minute(minute)
    
    

    uint8_t DayOf() const
    
        return _dayOf;
    

    uint8_t Hour() const
    
        return _hour;
    

    uint8_t Minute() const
    
        return _minute;
    

    DS3231AlarmTwoControl ControlFlags() const
    
        return _flags;
    

    bool operator == (const DS3231AlarmTwo& other) const
    
        return (_dayOf == other._dayOf &&
                _hour == other._hour &&
                _minute == other._minute &&
                _flags == other._flags);
    

    bool operator != (const DS3231AlarmTwo& other) const
    
        return !(*this == other);
    

protected:
    DS3231AlarmTwoControl _flags;

    uint8_t _dayOf;
    uint8_t _hour;
    uint8_t _minute;
;


enum DS3231SquareWaveClock

    DS3231SquareWaveClock_1Hz  = 0b00000000,
    DS3231SquareWaveClock_1kHz = 0b00001000,
    DS3231SquareWaveClock_4kHz = 0b00010000,
    DS3231SquareWaveClock_8kHz = 0b00011000,
;

enum DS3231SquareWavePinMode

    DS3231SquareWavePin_ModeNone,
    DS3231SquareWavePin_ModeBatteryBackup,
    DS3231SquareWavePin_ModeClock,
    DS3231SquareWavePin_ModeAlarmOne,
    DS3231SquareWavePin_ModeAlarmTwo,
    DS3231SquareWavePin_ModeAlarmBoth
;

enum DS3231AlarmFlag

    DS3231AlarmFlag_Alarm1 = 0x01,
    DS3231AlarmFlag_Alarm2 = 0x02,
    DS3231AlarmFlag_AlarmBoth = 0x03,
;

template<class T_WIRE_METHOD> class RtcDS3231

public:
    RtcDS3231(T_WIRE_METHOD& wire) :
        _wire(wire),
        _lastError(0)
    
    

    void Begin()
    
        //会把三个引脚设置为输入状态
        _wire.begin();
    

    uint8_t LastError()
    
        return _lastError;
    

    bool IsDateTimeValid()
    
        uint8_t status = getReg(DS3231_REG_STATUS);
        return !(status & _BV(DS3231_OSF));
    

    /**
     * 判断时钟是否正在运行
     * @return bool
     *        true 时钟运行
     *        false 时钟停振,进入低功耗态
     */
    bool GetIsRunning()
    
        //判断控制寄存器 DS3231_EOSC bit位置
        uint8_t creg = getReg(DS3231_REG_CONTROL);
        return !(creg & _BV(DS3231_EOSC));
    

    /**
     * 设置时钟是否运行
     * @param isRunning
     *        true 时钟运行
     *        false 时钟停振,进入低功耗态
     */
    void SetIsRunning(bool isRunning)
    
        uint8_t creg = getReg(DS3231_REG_CONTROL);
        if (isRunning)
        
            creg &= ~_BV(DS3231_EOSC);
        
        else
        
            creg |= _BV(DS3231_EOSC);
        
        setReg(DS3231_REG_CONTROL, creg);
    

    /**
     * 设置日期时间
     * @param RtcDateTime 日期时间对象
     */
    void SetDateTime(const RtcDateTime& dt)
    
        // clear the invalid flag
        uint8_t status = getReg(DS3231_REG_STATUS);
        status &= ~_BV(DS3231_OSF); // clear the flag
        setReg(DS3231_REG_STATUS, status);

        // set the date time  批量设置时间
        _wire.beginTransmission(DS3231_ADDRESS);
        _wire.write(DS3231_REG_TIMEDATE);

        _wire.write(Uint8ToBcd(dt.Second()));//秒数
        _wire.write(Uint8ToBcd(dt.Minute()));//分钟
        _wire.write(Uint8ToBcd(dt.Hour())); // 24 hour mode only

        uint8_t year = dt.Year() - 2000;
        uint8_t centuryFlag = 0;

        if (year >= 100)
        
            year -= 100;
            centuryFlag = _BV(7);
        

        // RTC Hardware Day of Week is 1-7, 1 = Monday
        // convert our Day of Week to Rtc Day of Week
        uint8_t rtcDow = RtcDateTime::ConvertDowToRtc(dt.DayOfWeek());

        _wire.write(Uint8ToBcd(rtcDow));

        _wire.write(Uint8ToBcd(dt.Day()));//天数
        _wire.write(Uint8ToBcd(dt.Month()) | centuryFlag);//月份
        _wire.write(Uint8ToBcd(year));//年份

        _lastError = _wire.endTransmission();
    

    /**
     * 获取日期时间
     * @return RtcDateTime 日期时间对象
     */
    RtcDateTime GetDateTime()
    
        _wire.beginTransmission(DS3231_ADDRESS);
        _wire.write(DS3231_REG_TIMEDATE);
        _lastError = _wire.endTransmission();
        if (_lastError != 0)
        
            return RtcDateTime(0);
        

        _wire.requestFrom(DS3231_ADDRESS, DS3231_REG_TIMEDATE_SIZE);
        uint8_t second = BcdToUint8(_wire.read() & 0x7F);//秒数
        uint8_t minute = BcdToUint8(_wire.read());//分钟
        uint8_t hour = BcdToBin24Hour(_wire.read());//小时

        _wire.read();  // throwing away day of week as we calculate it

        uint8_t dayOfMonth = BcdToUint8(_wire.read());//天数
        uint8_t monthRaw = _wire.read();//月份
        uint16_t year = BcdToUint8(_wire.read()) + 2000;//年份

        if (monthRaw & _BV(7)) // century wrap flag
        
            year += 100;
        
        uint8_t month = BcdToUint8(monthRaw & 0x7f);


        return RtcDateTime(year, month, dayOfMonth, hour, minute, second);
    

    RtcTemperature GetTemperature()
    
        _wire.beginTransmission(DS3231_ADDRESS);
        _wire.write(DS3231_REG_TEMP);
        _lastError = _wire.endTransmission();
        if (_lastError != 0)
        
            return RtcTemperature(0);
        

        // Temperature is represented as a 10-bit code with a resolution
        // of 1/4th ?C and is accessable as a signed 16-bit integer at
        // locations 11h and 12h.
        //
        //       |         r11h          | DP |         r12h         |
        // Bit:   15 14 13 12 11 10  9  8   .  7  6  5  4  3  2  1  0  -1 -2
        //         s  i  i  i  i  i  i  i   .  f  f  0  0  0  0  0  0
        //
        // As it takes (8) right-shifts to register the decimal point (DP) to
        // the right of the 0th bit, the overall word scaling equals 256.
        //
        // For example, at +/- 25.25?C, concatenated registers <r11h:r12h> =
        // 256 * (+/- 25+(1/4)) = +/- 6464, or 1940h / E6C0h.

        _wire.requestFrom(DS3231_ADDRESS, DS3231_REG_TEMP_SIZE);
        int8_t  r11h = _wire.read();                  // MS byte, signed temperature
        return RtcTemperature( r11h, _wire.read() );  // LS byte is r12h
    

    void Enable32kHzPin(bool enable)
    
        uint8_t sreg = getReg(DS3231_REG_STATUS);

        if (enable == true)
        
            sreg |= _BV(DS3231_EN32KHZ);
        
        else
        
            sreg &= ~_BV(DS3231_EN32KHZ);
        

        setReg(DS3231_REG_STATUS, sreg);
    

    /**
     * 设置方波输出
     */
    void SetSquareWavePin(DS3231SquareWavePinMode pinMode)
    
        uint8_t creg = getReg(DS3231_REG_CONTROL);

        // clear all relevant bits to a known "off" state
        creg &= ~(DS3231_AIEMASK | _BV(DS3231_BBSQW));
        creg |= _BV(DS3231_INTCN);  // set INTCN to disables SQW

        switch (pinMode)
        
        case DS3231SquareWavePin_ModeNone:
            break;

        case DS3231SquareWavePin_ModeBatteryBackup:
            creg |= _BV(DS3231_BBSQW); // set battery backup flag
            creg &= ~_BV(DS3231_INTCN); // clear INTCN to enable SQW 
            break;

        case DS3231SquareWavePin_ModeClock:
            creg &= ~_BV(DS3231_INTCN); // clear INTCN to enable SQW 
            break;

        case DS3231SquareWavePin_ModeAlarmOne:
            creg |= _BV(DS3231_A1IE);
            break;

        case DS3231SquareWavePin_ModeAlarmTwo:
            creg |= _BV(DS3231_A2IE);
            break;

        case DS3231SquareWavePin_ModeAlarmBoth:
            creg |= _BV(DS3231_A1IE) | _BV(DS3231_A2IE);
            break;
        

        setReg(DS3231_REG_CONTROL, creg);
    

    void SetSquareWavePinClockFrequency(DS3231SquareWaveClock freq)
    
        uint8_t creg = getReg(DS3231_REG_CONTROL);

        creg &= ~DS3231_RSMASK; // Set to 0
        creg |= (freq & DS3231_RSMASK); // Set freq bits

        setReg(DS3231_REG_CONTROL, creg);
    

    /**
     * 设置闹钟1
     */
    void SetAlarmOne(const DS3231AlarmOne& alarm)
    
        _wire.beginTransmission(DS3231_ADDRESS);
        _wire.write(DS3231_REG_ALARMONE);

        _wire.write(Uint8ToBcd(alarm.Second()) | ((alarm.ControlFlags() & 0x01) << 7));
        _wire.write(Uint8ToBcd(alarm.Minute()) | ((alarm.ControlFlags() & 0x02) << 6));
        _wire.write(Uint8ToBcd(alarm.Hour()) | ((alarm.ControlFlags() & 0x04) << 5)); // 24 hour mode only

        uint8_t rtcDow = alarm.DayOf();
        if (alarm.ControlFlags() == DS3231AlarmOneControl_HoursMinutesSecondsDayOfWeekMatch)
        
            rtcDow = RtcDateTime::ConvertDowToRtc(rtcDow);
        

        _wire.write(Uint8ToBcd(rtcDow) | ((alarm.ControlFlags() & 0x18) << 3));

        _lastError = _wire.endTransmission();
    

    /**
     * 设置闹钟2
     */
    void SetAlarmTwo(const DS3231AlarmTwo& alarm)
    
        _wire.beginTransmission(DS3231_ADDRESS);
        _wire.write(DS3231_REG_ALARMTWO);

        _wire.write(Uint8ToBcd(alarm.Minute()) | ((alarm.ControlFlags() & 0x01) << 7));
        _wire.write(Uint8ToBcd(alarm.Hour()) | ((alarm.ControlFlags() & 0x02) << 6)); // 24 hour mode only

        // convert our Day of Week to Rtc Day of Week if needed
        uint8_t rtcDow = alarm.DayOf();
        if (alarm.ControlFlags() == DS3231AlarmTwoControl_HoursMinutesDayOfWeekMatch)
        
            rtcDow = RtcDateTime::ConvertDowToRtc(rtcDow);
        
        
        _wire.write(Uint8ToBcd(rtcDow) | ((alarm.ControlFlags() & 0x0c) << 4));

        _lastError = _wire.endTransmission();
    

    /**
     * 获取闹钟1
     */
    DS3231AlarmOne GetAlarmOne()
    
        _wire.beginTransmission(DS3231_ADDRESS);
        _wire.write(DS3231_REG_ALARMONE);
        _lastError = _wire.endTransmission();
        if (_lastError != 0)
        
            return DS3231AlarmOne(0, 0, 0, 0, DS3231AlarmOneControl_HoursMinutesSecondsDayOfMonthMatch);
        

        _wire.requestFrom(DS3231_ADDRESS, DS3231_REG_ALARMONE_SIZE);

        uint8_t raw = _wire.read();
        uint8_t flags = (raw & 0x80) >> 7;
        uint8_t second = BcdToUint8(raw & 0x7F);

        raw = _wire.read();
        flags |= (raw & 0x80) >> 6;
        uint8_t minute = BcdToUint8(raw & 0x7F);

        raw = _wire.read();
        flags |= (raw & 0x80) >> 5;
        uint8_t hour = BcdToBin24Hour(raw & 0x7f);

        raw = _wire.read();
        flags |= (raw & 0xc0) >> 3;
        uint8_t dayOf = BcdToUint8(raw & 0x3f);

        if (flags == DS3231AlarmOneControl_HoursMinutesSecondsDayOfWeekMatch)
        
            dayOf = RtcDateTime::ConvertRtcToDow(dayOf);
        

        return DS3231AlarmOne(dayOf, hour, minute, second, (DS3231AlarmOneControl)flags);
    

    /**
     * 获取闹钟2
     */
    DS3231AlarmTwo GetAlarmTwo()
    
        _wire.beginTransmission(DS3231_ADDRESS);
        _wire.write(DS3231_REG_ALARMTWO);
        _lastError = _wire.endTransmission();
        if (_lastError != 0)
        
            return DS3231AlarmTwo(0, 0, 0, DS3231AlarmTwoControl_HoursMinutesDayOfMonthMatch);
        

        _wire.requestFrom(DS3231_ADDRESS, DS3231_REG_ALARMTWO_SIZE);

        uint8_t raw = _wire.read();
        uint8_t flags = (raw & 0x80) >> 7;
        uint8_t minute = BcdToUint8(raw & 0x7F);

        raw = _wire.read();
        flags |= (raw & 0x80) >> 6;
        uint8_t hour = BcdToBin24Hour(raw & 0x7f);

        raw = _wire.read();
        flags |= (raw & 0xc0) >> 4;
        uint8_t dayOf = BcdToUint8(raw & 0x3f);

        if (flags == DS3231AlarmTwoControl_HoursMinutesDayOfWeekMatch)
        
            dayOf = RtcDateTime::ConvertRtcToDow(dayOf);
        

        return DS3231AlarmTwo(dayOf, hour, minute, (DS3231AlarmTwoControl)flags);
    

    // Latch must be called after an alarm otherwise it will not
    // trigger again
    DS3231AlarmFlag LatchAlarmsTriggeredFlags()
    
        uint8_t sreg = getReg(DS3231_REG_STATUS);
        uint8_t alarmFlags = (sreg & DS3231_AIFMASK);
        sreg &= ~DS3231_AIFMASK; // clear the flags
        setReg(DS3231_REG_STATUS, sreg);
        return (DS3231AlarmFlag)alarmFlags;
    

    void ForceTemperatureCompensationUpdate(bool block)
    
        uint8_t creg = getReg(DS3231_REG_CONTROL);
        creg |= _BV(DS3231_CONV); // Write CONV bit
        setReg(DS3231_REG_CONTROL, creg);

        while (block && (creg & _BV(DS3231_CONV)) != 0)
        
            // Block until CONV is 0
            creg = getReg(DS3231_REG_CONTROL);
        
    

    int8_t GetAgingOffset()
    
        return getReg(DS3231_REG_AGING);
    

    void SetAgingOffset(int8_t value)
    
        setReg(DS3231_REG_AGING, value);
    

private:
    T_WIRE_METHOD& _wire;
    uint8_t _lastError;

    uint8_t getReg(uint8_t regAddress)
    
        _wire.beginTransmission(DS3231_ADDRESS);
        _wire.write(regAddress);
        _lastError = _wire.endTransmission();
        if (_lastError != 0)
        
            return 0;
        

        // control register
        _wire.requestFrom(DS3231_ADDRESS, (uint8_t)1);

        uint8_t regValue = _wire.read();
        return regValue;
    

    void setReg(uint8_t regAddress, uint8_t regValue)
    
        _wire.beginTransmission(DS3231_ADDRESS);
        _wire.write(regAddress);
        _wire.write(regValue);
        _lastError = _wire.endTransmission();
    

;

#endif // __RTCDS3231_H__

2.5.1 Begin() —— 初始化

函数说明:

/**
 * 初始化,会把三个引脚设置为输入状态
 */
void Begin()

2.5.2 LastError() —— 获取上次错误编码

函数说明:

/**
 * 获取上次错误编码
 * @return 返回错误编码
 */
uint8_t LastError()

注意:

  • 错误编码请参考 https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/WireEndTransmission

2.5.3 IsDateTimeValid() —— 判断时间是否有效

函数说明:

/**
 * 判断时间是否有效
 * @return false 通常意味着电池没电或日期和时间从未设置
 *         true  意味时间有效
 */
bool IsDateTimeValid()

2.5.4 GetIsRunning() —— 判断时钟是否正在运行

函数说明:

/**
 * 判断时钟是否正在运行
 * @return bool
 *        true 时钟运行
 *        false 时钟停振,进入低功耗态
 */
bool GetIsRunning()

源码说明:

    /**
     * 判断时钟是否正在运行
     * @return bool
     *        true 时钟运行
     *        false 时钟停振,进入低功耗态
     */
    bool GetIsRunning()
    
        //判断控制寄存器 DS3231_EOSC bit位置
        uint8_t creg = getReg(DS3231_REG_CONTROL);
        return !(creg & _BV(DS3231_EOSC));
    

2.5.5 SetIsRunning() —— 设置时钟是否运行

函数说明:

/**
 * 设置时钟是否运行
 * @param isRunning
 *        true 时钟运行
 *        false 时钟停振,进入低功耗态
 */
void SetIsRunning(bool isRunning)

源码说明:

    /**
     * 设置时钟是否运行
     * @param isRunning
     *        true 时钟运行
     *        false 时钟停振,进入低功耗态
     */
    void SetIsRunning(bool isRunning)
    
        uint8_t creg = getReg(DS3231_REG_CONTROL);
        if (isRunning)
        
            creg &= ~_BV(DS3231_EOSC);
        
        else
        
            creg |= _BV(DS3231_EOSC);
        
        setReg(DS3231_REG_CONTROL, creg);
    

2.5.6 SetDateTime() —— 设置日期时间

函数说明:

/**
 * 设置日期时间
 * @param RtcDateTime 日期时间对象
 */
void SetDateTime(const RtcDateTime& dt)

源码说明:

/**
     * 设置日期时间
     * @param RtcDateTime 日期时间对象
     */
    void SetDateTime(const RtcDateTime& dt)
    
        // clear the invalid flag
        uint8_t status = getReg(DS3231_REG_STATUS);
        status &= ~_BV(DS3231_OSF); // clear the flag
        setReg(DS3231_REG_STATUS, status);

        // set the date time  批量设置时间
        _wire.beginTransmission(DS3231_ADDRESS);
        _wire.write(DS3231_REG_TIMEDATE);

        _wire.write(Uint8ToBcd(dt.Second()));//秒数
        _wire.write(Uint8ToBcd(dt.Minute()));//分钟
        _wire.write(Uint8ToBcd(dt.Hour())); // 24 hour mode only

        uint8_t year = dt.Year() - 2000;
        uint8_t centuryFlag = 0;

        if (year >= 100)
        
            year -= 100;
            centuryFlag = _BV(7);
        

        // RTC Hardware Day of Week is 1-7, 1 = Monday
        // convert our Day of Week to Rtc Day of Week
        uint8_t rtcDow = RtcDateTime::ConvertDowToRtc(dt.DayOfWeek());

        _wire.write(Uint8ToBcd(rtcDow));

        _wire.write(Uint8ToBcd(dt.Day()));//天数
        _wire.write(Uint8ToBcd(dt.Month()) | centuryFlag);//月份
        _wire.write(Uint8ToBcd(year));//年份

        _lastError = _wire.endTransmission();
    

2.5.7 GetDateTime() —— 获取日期时间

函数说明:

/**
 * 获取日期时间
 * @return RtcDateTime 日期时间对象
 */
RtcDateTime GetDateTime()

源码说明:

/**
     * 获取日期时间
     * @return RtcDateTime 日期时间对象
     */
    RtcDateTime GetDateTime()
    
        _wire.beginTransmission(DS3231_ADDRESS);
        _wire.write(DS3231_REG_TIMEDATE);
        _lastError = _wire.endTransmission();
        if (_lastError != 0)
        
            return RtcDateTime(0);
        

        _wire.requestFrom(DS3231_ADDRESS, DS3231_REG_TIMEDATE_SIZE);
        uint8_t second = BcdToUint8(_wire.read() & 0x7F);//秒数
        uint8_t minute = BcdToUint8(_wire.read());//分钟
        uint8_t hour = BcdToBin24Hour(_wire.read());//小时

        _wire.read();  // throwing away day of week as we calculate it

        uint8_t dayOfMonth = BcdToUint8(_wire.read());//天数
        uint8_t monthRaw = _wire.read();//月份
        uint16_t year = BcdToUint8(_wire.read()) + 2000;//年份

        if (monthRaw & _BV(7)) // century wrap flag
        
            year += 100;
        
        uint8_t month = BcdToUint8(monthRaw & 0x7f);


        return RtcDateTime(year, month, dayOfMonth, hour, minute, second);
    

2.5.8 Enable32kHzPin() —— 使能32kHz引脚输出

函数说明:

/**
 * 使能32kHz引脚输出
 * @param enable true 使能
 *                false 禁止
 */
void Enable32kHzPin(bool enable)

2.5.10 SetSquareWavePin() —— 设置方波输出

函数说明:

/**
 * 设置方波输出
 * @param DS3231SquareWavePinMode 方波引脚模式
 */
void SetSquareWavePin(DS3231SquareWavePinMode pinMode)

DS3231SquareWavePinMode 参数说明:

  • DS3231SquareWavePin_ModeNone 禁止引脚输出
  • DS3231SquareWavePin_ModeBatteryBackup 如果外部电源电压低于电池电压,该引脚会触发中断
  • DS3231SquareWavePin_ModeClock 该引脚触发频率由SetSquareWavePinClockFrequency方法定义
  • DS3231SquareWavePin_ModeAlarmOne 闹钟1会触发
  • DS3231SquareWavePin_ModeAlarmTwo 闹钟2会触发
  • DS3231SquareWavePin_ModeAlarmBoth 闹钟1或者闹钟2都会触发

源码说明:

 /**
     * 设置方波输出
     */
    void SetSquareWavePin(DS3231SquareWavePinMode pinMode)
    
        uint8_t creg = getReg(DS3231_REG_CONTROL);

        // clear all relevant bits to a known "off" state
        creg &= ~(DS3231_AIEMASK | _BV(DS3231_BBSQW));
        creg |= _BV(DS3231_INTCN);  // set INTCN to disables SQW

        switch (pinMode)
        
        case DS3231SquareWavePin_ModeNone:
            break;

        case DS3231SquareWavePin_ModeBatteryBackup:
            creg |= _BV(DS3231_BBSQW); // set battery backup flag
            creg &= ~_BV(DS3231_INTCN); // clear INTCN to enable SQW 
            break;

        case DS3231SquareWavePin_ModeClock:
            creg &= ~_BV(DS3231_INTCN); // clear INTCN to enable SQW 
            break;

        case DS3231SquareWavePin_ModeAlarmOne:
            creg |= _BV(DS3231_A1IE);
            break;

        case DS3231SquareWavePin_ModeAlarmTwo:
            creg |= _BV(DS3231_A2IE);
            break;

        case DS3231SquareWavePin_ModeAlarmBoth:
            creg |= _BV(DS3231_A1IE) | _BV(DS3231_A2IE);
            break;
        

        setReg(DS3231_REG_CONTROL, creg);
    

2.5.11 SetSquareWavePinClockFrequency() —— 设置方波时钟频率

函数说明:

/**
 * 设置方波时钟频率
 * @param DS3231SquareWaveClock 方波时钟频率
 */
void SetSquareWavePinClockFrequency(DS3231SquareWaveClock freq)

DS3231SquareWaveClock 参数说明:

  • DS3231SquareWaveClock_1Hz
  • DS3231SquareWaveClock_1kHz
  • DS3231SquareWaveClock_4kHz
  • DS3231SquareWaveClock_8kHz

2.5.12 SetAlarmOne() —— 设置闹钟1

函数说明:

/**
 * 设置闹钟1
 * @param DS3231AlarmOne 闹钟1
 */
void SetAlarmOne(const DS3231AlarmOne& alarm)

注意点:

  • 当达到闹钟定义的条件,就会触发中断,INT/SQW输出低电平信号;

DS3231AlarmOne源码解析:

class DS3231AlarmOne

public:
    DS3231AlarmOne( uint8_t dayOf,
            uint8_t hour,
            uint8_t minute,
            uint8_t second,
            DS3231AlarmOneControl controlFlags) :
        _flags(controlFlags),
        _dayOf(dayOf),
        _hour(hour),
        _minute(minute),
        _second(second)
    
    

    /**
     * 返回一周的一天或者一个月中的一天
     */
    uint8_t DayOf() const
    
        return _dayOf;
    

    /**
     * 返回一天的小时 24h制
     */
    uint8_t Hour() const
    
        return _hour;
    

    /**
     * 返回分钟
     */
    uint8_t Minute() const
    
        return _minute;
    

    /**
     * 返回秒数
     */
    uint8_t Second() const
    
        return _second;
    

    DS3231AlarmOneControl ControlFlags() const
    
        return _flags;
    

    bool operator == (const DS3231AlarmOne& other) const
    
        return (_dayOf == other._dayOf &&
                _hour == other._hour &&
                _minute == other._minute &&
                _second == other._second &&
                _flags == other._flags);
    

    bool operator != (const DS3231AlarmOne& other) const
    
        return !(*this == other);
    

protected:
    DS3231AlarmOneControl _flags;

    uint8_t _dayOf;
    uint8_t _hour;
    uint8_t _minute;
    uint8_t _second;  
;

重点看构造函数:

/**
 * 建立闹钟1对象
 * @param dayOf - (0-6) (1-31) day of the week or the day of the month , see flags below
 * @param hour - (0-23) the hour of the day
 * @param minute - (0-59) the minute of the hour
 * @param second - (0-59) the second of the minute
 * @param controlFlags 
 *  -- DS3231AlarmOneControl_HoursMinutesSecondsDayOfMonthMatch  月天时分秒都匹配才会触发中断
 *  -- DS3231AlarmOneControl_OncePerSecond 每一秒都触发
 *  -- DS3231AlarmOneControl_SecondsMatch  每一分钟的秒数匹配才触发
 *  -- DS3231AlarmOneControl_MinutesSecondsMatch 每小时里面的分秒都匹配才触发
 *  -- DS3231AlarmOneControl_HoursMinutesSecondsMatch  一天中时分秒都匹配才触发
 *  -- DS3231AlarmOneControl_HoursMinutesSecondsDayOfWeekMatch 一个星期中天时分秒都匹配才触发
 */
DS3231AlarmOne( uint8_t dayOf, uint8_t hour, uint8_t minute, uint8_t second, DS3231AlarmOneControl controlFlags)

2.5.13 GetAlarmOne() —— 获取闹钟1

函数说明:

/**
 * 获取闹钟1
 * @return DS3231AlarmOne 闹钟1
 */
DS3231AlarmOne GetAlarmOne()

2.5.14 SetAlarmTwo() —— 设置闹钟2

函数说明:

/**
 * 设置闹钟2
 * @param DS3231AlarmTwo 闹钟2
 */
void SetAlarmTwo(const DS3231AlarmTwo& alarm)

注意点:

  • 当达到闹钟定义的条件,就会触发中断,INT/SQW输出低电平信号;

DS3231AlarmTwo源码解析:

class DS3231AlarmTwo

public:
    DS3231AlarmTwo( uint8_t dayOf,
            uint8_t hour,
            uint8_t minute,
            DS3231AlarmTwoControl controlFlags) :
        _flags(controlFlags),
        _dayOf(dayOf),
        _hour(hour),
        _minute(minute)
    
    

    /**
     * 返回一周的一天或者一个月中的一天
     */
    uint8_t DayOf() const
    
        return _dayOf;
    

    /**
     * 返回一天的小时 24h制
     */
    uint8_t Hour() const
    
        return _hour;
    


    /**
     * 返回分钟
     */
    uint8_t Minute() const
    
        return _minute;
    

    DS3231AlarmTwoControl ControlFlags() const
    
        return _flags;
    

    bool operator == (const DS3231AlarmTwo& other) const
    
        return (_dayOf == other._dayOf &&
                _hour == other._hour &&
                _minute == other._minute &&
                _flags == other._flags);
    

    bool operator != (const DS3231AlarmTwo& other) const
    
        return !(*this == other);
    

protected:
    DS3231AlarmTwoControl _flags;

    uint8_t _dayOf;
    uint8_t _hour;
    uint8_t _minute;
;

重点看构造函数:

/**
 * 建立闹钟2对象
 * @param dayOf - (0-6) (1-31) day of the week or the day of the month , see flags below
 * @param hour - (0-23) the hour of the day
 * @param minute - (0-59) the minute of the hour
 * @param controlFlags 
 *  -- DS3231AlarmTwoControl_HoursMinutesDayOfMonthMatch  每月天时分都匹配才会触发中断
 *  -- DS3231AlarmTwoControl_OncePerMinute  每一分钟都触发
 *  -- DS3231AlarmTwoControl_MinutesMatch   每一小时的分钟匹配才触发
 *  -- DS3231AlarmTwoControl_HoursMinutesMatch  每天里面的时分都匹配才触发
 *  -- DS3231AlarmTwoControl_HoursMinutesDayOfWeekMatch   每星期的天时分匹配才触发
 */
DS3231AlarmTwo( uint8_t dayOf, uint8_t hour, uint8_t minute, DS3231AlarmTwoControl controlFlags)

2.5.15 GetAlarmTwo() —— 获取闹钟2

函数说明:

/**
 * 获取闹钟2
 * @return DS3231AlarmTwo 闹钟2
 */
DS3231AlarmTwo GetAlarmTwo()

2.5.16 LatchAlarmsTriggeredFlags() —— 处理闹钟触发

函数说明:

/**
 * 处理闹钟触发
 * @return DS3231AlarmFlag
 *        --- DS3231AlarmFlag_Alarm1  闹钟1触发
 *        --- DS3231AlarmFlag_Alarm2   闹钟2触发
 *        --- DS3231AlarmFlag_AlarmBoth    闹钟1、2触发
 */
DS3231AlarmFlag LatchAlarmsTriggeredFlags()

注意点:

  • 当闹钟触发之后必须要调用该方法,不然不会再次触发,用来确保我们处理了闹钟事件;

2.6 EepromAt24c32库

????前面说到了,DS3231时钟模块集成了AT24c32 eeprom存储芯片,如果我们需要用到存储数据功能,就得引入 EepromAt24c32库。那么,我们来看看该库有什么方法。

2.6.1 Begin() —— 初始化

函数说明:

/**
 * 初始化引脚
 */
void Begin()

2.6.2 LastError() —— 获取上次错误编码

函数说明:

/**
 * 获取上次错误编码
 * @return 返回错误编码
 */
uint8_t LastError()

注意:

  • 错误编码请参考 https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/WireEndTransmission

2.6.3 SetMemory() —— 存储数据

函数说明:

/***
 * 写入数据
 * @param  memoryAddress 地址偏移量
 * @param  value 数据
 */
void SetMemory(uint16_t memoryAddress, uint8_t value)

/**
 * 批量写入数据
 * @param pValue 批量数据
 * @param countBytes 数据字节数
 */
uint8_t SetMemory(uint16_t memoryAddress, const uint8_t* pValue, uint8_t countBytes)

2.6.4 GetMemory() —— 读取数据

函数说明:

/***
 * 读取数据
 * @param  memoryAddress 地址偏移量
 * @return  数据
 */
uint8_t GetMemory(uint16_t memoryAddress)

/***
 * 批量读取数据
 * @param  memoryAddress 地址偏移量
 * @param pValue 存储空间
 * @param countBytes 数据字节数
 */
uint8_t SetMemory(uint16_t memoryAddress, const uint8_t* pValue, uint8_t countBytes)

2.7 DS3231接线

DS3231采用I2C总线方式,SCLK、SDA。

3.测试用例

测试用例分为三个:

  • 测试时间
  • 测试闹钟
  • 测试存储

3.1 测试时间

实验内容

  • 设置时间并在串口上打印时间

实验器材

  • Mega2560 + DS3231

引脚连接

模块引脚 Mega2560引脚
VCC VCC5V
GND GND
SDA SDA(20)
SCL SCL(21)

实验代码


// CONNECTIONS:
// DS3231 SDA --> SDA
// DS3231 SCL --> SCL
// DS3231 VCC --> 3.3v or 5v
// DS3231 GND --> GND

/* for software wire use below
#include <SoftwareWire.h>  // must be included here so that Arduino library object file references work
#include <RtcDS3231.h>

SoftwareWire myWire(SDA, SCL);
RtcDS3231<SoftwareWire> Rtc(myWire);
 for software wire use above */

/* for normal hardware wire use below */
#include <Wire.h> // must be included here so that Arduino library object file references work
#include <RtcDS3231.h>
RtcDS3231<TwoWire> Rtc(Wire);
/* for normal hardware wire use above */


void setup () 

    Serial.begin(57600);

    Serial.print("compiled: ");
    Serial.print(__DATE__);
    Serial.println(__TIME__);

    //--------RTC SETUP ------------
    // if you are using ESP-01 then uncomment the line below to reset the pins to
    // the available pins for SDA, SCL
    // Wire.begin(0, 2); // due to limited pins, use pin 0 and 2 for SDA, SCL
    
    Rtc.Begin();

    RtcDateTime compiled = RtcDateTime(__DATE__, __TIME__);
    printDateTime(compiled);
    Serial.println();

    if (!Rtc.IsDateTimeValid()) 
    
        if (Rtc.LastError() != 0)
        
            // we have a communications error
            // see https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/WireEndTransmission for 
            // what the number means
            Serial.print("RTC communications error = ");
            Serial.println(Rtc.LastError());
        
        else
        
            // Common Cuases:
            //    1) first time you ran and the device wasn't running yet
            //    2) the battery on the device is low or even missing

            Serial.println("RTC lost confidence in the DateTime!");

            // following line sets the RTC to the date & time this sketch was compiled
            // it will also reset the valid flag internally unless the Rtc device is
            // having an issue

            Rtc.SetDateTime(compiled);
        
    

    if (!Rtc.GetIsRunning())
    
        Serial.println("RTC was not actively running, starting now");
        Rtc.SetIsRunning(true);
    

    RtcDateTime now = Rtc.GetDateTime();
    if (now < compiled) 
    
        Serial.println("RTC is older than compile time!  (Updating DateTime)");
        Rtc.SetDateTime(compiled);
    
    else if (now > compiled) 
    
        Serial.println("RTC is newer than compile time. (this is expected)");
    
    else if (now == compiled) 
    
        Serial.println("RTC is the same as compile time! (not expected but all is fine)");
    

    // never assume the Rtc was last configured by you, so
    // just clear them to your needed state
    Rtc.Enable32kHzPin(false);
    Rtc.SetSquareWavePin(DS3231SquareWavePin_ModeNone); 


void loop () 

    if (!Rtc.IsDateTimeValid()) 
    
        if (Rtc.LastError() != 0)
        
            // we have a communications error
            // see https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/WireEndTransmission for 
            // what the number means
            Serial.print("RTC communications error = ");
            Serial.println(Rtc.LastError());
        
        else
        
            // Common Cuases:
            //    1) the battery on the device is low or even missing and the power line was disconnected
            Serial.println("RTC lost confidence in the DateTime!");
        
    

    RtcDateTime now = Rtc.GetDateTime();
    printDateTime(now);
    Serial.println();

    RtcTemperature temp = Rtc.GetTemperature();
    temp.Print(Serial);
    // you may also get the temperature as a float and print it
    // Serial.print(temp.AsFloatDegC());
    Serial.println("C");

    delay(10000); // ten seconds


#define countof(a) (sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]))

void printDateTime(const RtcDateTime& dt)

    char datestring[20];

    snprintf_P(datestring, 
            countof(datestring),
            PSTR("%02u/%02u/%04u %02u:%02u:%02u"),
            dt.Month(),
            dt.Day(),
            dt.Year(),
            dt.Hour(),
            dt.Minute(),
            dt.Second() );
    Serial.print(datestring);

实验结果:

技术图片

3.2 测试闹钟

实验内容

  • 设置时间并设置闹钟

实验器材

  • Mega2560 + DS3231

引脚连接

模块引脚 Mega2560引脚
VCC VCC5V
GND GND
SDA SDA(20)
SCL SCL(21)
SQW 19

实验代码


// CONNECTIONS:
// DS3231 SDA --> SDA
// DS3231 SCL --> SCL
// DS3231 VCC --> 3.3v or 5v
// DS3231 GND --> GND
// SQW --->  (Pin19) Don't forget to pullup (4.7k to 10k to VCC)

/* for software wire use below
#include <SoftwareWire.h>  // must be included here so that Arduino library object file references work
#include <RtcDS3231.h>

SoftwareWire myWire(SDA, SCL);
RtcDS3231<SoftwareWire> Rtc(myWire);
 for software wire use above */

/* for normal hardware wire use below */
#include <Wire.h> // must be included here so that Arduino library object file references work
#include <RtcDS3231.h>
RtcDS3231<TwoWire> Rtc(Wire);
/* for normal hardware wire use above */


// Interrupt Pin Lookup Table
// (copied from Arduino Docs)
//
// CAUTION:  The interrupts are Arduino numbers NOT Atmel numbers
//   and may not match (example, Mega2560 int.4 is actually Atmel Int2)
//   this is only an issue if you plan to use the lower level interupt features
//
// Board           int.0    int.1   int.2   int.3   int.4   int.5
// ---------------------------------------------------------------
// Uno, Ethernet    2       3
// Mega2560         2       3       21      20     [19]      18 
// Leonardo         3       2       0       1       7

#define RtcSquareWavePin 19 // Mega2560
#define RtcSquareWaveInterrupt 4 // Mega2560

// marked volatile so interrupt can safely modify them and
// other code can safely read and modify them
volatile uint16_t interuptCount = 0;
volatile bool interuptFlag = false;

void InteruptServiceRoutine()

    // since this interupted any other running code,
    // don't do anything that takes long and especially avoid
    // any communications calls within this routine
    interuptCount++;
    interuptFlag = true;


void setup () 

    Serial.begin(57600);

    // set the interupt pin to input mode
    pinMode(RtcSquareWavePin, INPUT);

    //--------RTC SETUP ------------
    // if you are using ESP-01 then uncomment the line below to reset the pins to
    // the available pins for SDA, SCL
    // Wire.begin(0, 2); // due to limited pins, use pin 0 and 2 for SDA, SCL
    
    Rtc.Begin();

    RtcDateTime compiled = RtcDateTime(__DATE__, __TIME__);

    if (!Rtc.IsDateTimeValid()) 
    
        if (Rtc.LastError() != 0)
        
            // we have a communications error
            // see https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/WireEndTransmission for 
            // what the number means
            Serial.print("RTC communications error = ");
            Serial.println(Rtc.LastError());
        
        else
        
            Serial.println("RTC lost confidence in the DateTime!");
            Rtc.SetDateTime(compiled);
        
    

    if (!Rtc.GetIsRunning())
    
        Serial.println("RTC was not actively running, starting now");
        Rtc.SetIsRunning(true);
    

    RtcDateTime now = Rtc.GetDateTime();
    if (now < compiled) 
    
        Serial.println("RTC is older than compile time!  (Updating DateTime)");
        Rtc.SetDateTime(compiled);
    
    
    Rtc.Enable32kHzPin(false);
    Rtc.SetSquareWavePin(DS3231SquareWavePin_ModeAlarmBoth); 

    // Alarm 1 set to trigger every day when 
    // the hours, minutes, and seconds match
    RtcDateTime alarmTime = now + 88; // into the future
    DS3231AlarmOne alarm1(
            alarmTime.Day(),
            alarmTime.Hour(),
            alarmTime.Minute(), 
            alarmTime.Second(),
            DS3231AlarmOneControl_HoursMinutesSecondsMatch);
    Rtc.SetAlarmOne(alarm1);

    // Alarm 2 set to trigger at the top of the minute
    DS3231AlarmTwo alarm2(
            0,
            0,
            0, 
            DS3231AlarmTwoControl_OncePerMinute);
    Rtc.SetAlarmTwo(alarm2);

    // throw away any old alarm state before we ran
    Rtc.LatchAlarmsTriggeredFlags();

    // setup external interupt 
    attachInterrupt(RtcSquareWaveInterrupt, InteruptServiceRoutine, FALLING);


void loop () 

    if (!Rtc.IsDateTimeValid()) 
    
        if (Rtc.LastError() != 0)
        
            // we have a communications error
            // see https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/WireEndTransmission for 
            // what the number means
            Serial.print("RTC communications error = ");
            Serial.println(Rtc.LastError());
        
        else
        
            Serial.println("RTC lost confidence in the DateTime!");
        
    

    RtcDateTime now = Rtc.GetDateTime();

    printDateTime(now);
    Serial.println();

    // we only want to show time every 10 seconds
    // but we want to show responce to the interupt firing
    for (int timeCount = 0; timeCount < 20; timeCount++)
    
        if (Alarmed())
        
            Serial.print(">>Interupt Count: ");
            Serial.print(interuptCount);
            Serial.println("<<");
        
        delay(500);
    


bool Alarmed()

    bool wasAlarmed = false;
    if (interuptFlag)  // check our flag that gets sets in the interupt
    
        wasAlarmed = true;
        interuptFlag = false; // reset the flag
        
        // this gives us which alarms triggered and
        // then allows for others to trigger again
        DS3231AlarmFlag flag = Rtc.LatchAlarmsTriggeredFlags();

        if (flag & DS3231AlarmFlag_Alarm1)
        
            Serial.println("alarm one triggered");
        
        if (flag & DS3231AlarmFlag_Alarm2)
        
            Serial.println("alarm two triggered");
        
    
    return wasAlarmed;


#define countof(a) (sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]))

void printDateTime(const RtcDateTime& dt)

    char datestring[20];

    snprintf_P(datestring, 
            countof(datestring),
            PSTR("%02u/%02u/%04u %02u:%02u:%02u"),
            dt.Month(),
            dt.Day(),
            dt.Year(),
            dt.Hour(),
            dt.Minute(),
            dt.Second() );
    Serial.print(datestring);

实验结果:

技术图片

3.3 测试存储

实验内容

  • 设置时间并在串口上打印时间,同时存储“What time is it in Greenwich?”字符串进EEPROM

实验器材

  • Mega2560 + DS3231

引脚连接

模块引脚 Mega2560引脚
VCC VCC5V
GND GND
SDA SDA(20)
SCL SCL(21)

实验代码


// CONNECTIONS:
// DS1307 SDA --> SDA
// DS1307 SCL --> SCL
// DS1307 VCC --> 5v
// DS1307 GND --> GND

#define countof(a) (sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]))

/* for software wire use below
#include <SoftwareWire.h>  // must be included here so that Arduino library object file references work
#include <RtcDS3231.h>
#include <EepromAt24C32.h>

SoftwareWire myWire(SDA, SCL);
RtcDS1307<SoftwareWire> Rtc(myWire);
/* for software wire use above */

/* for normal hardware wire use below */
#include <Wire.h> // must be included here so that Arduino library object file references work
#include <RtcDS3231.h>
#include <EepromAt24C32.h>

RtcDS3231<TwoWire> Rtc(Wire);
EepromAt24c32<TwoWire> RtcEeprom(Wire);

// if you have any of the address pins on the RTC soldered together
// then you need to provide the state of those pins, normally they
// are connected to vcc with a reading of 1, if soldered they are 
// grounded with a reading of 0.  The bits are in the order A2 A1 A0
// thus the following would have the A2 soldered together
// EepromAt24c32<TwoWire> RtcEeprom(Wire, 0b011);

/* for normal hardware wire use above */

// nothing longer than 32 bytes
// rtc eeprom memory is 32 byte pages
// writing is limited to each page, so it will wrap at page
// boundaries. 
// But reading is only limited by the buffer in Wire class which
// by default is 32
const char data[] = "What time is it in Greenwich?";
const uint16_t stringAddr = 64; // stored on page boundary

void setup () 

    Serial.begin(57600);

    Serial.print("compiled: ");
    Serial.print(__DATE__);
    Serial.println(__TIME__);

    //--------RTC SETUP ------------
    // if you are using ESP-01 then uncomment the line below to reset the pins to
    // the available pins for SDA, SCL
    // Wire.begin(0, 2); // due to limited pins, use pin 0 and 2 for SDA, SCL
    
    Rtc.Begin();
    RtcEeprom.Begin();
    
    RtcDateTime compiled = RtcDateTime(__DATE__, __TIME__);
    printDateTime(compiled);
    Serial.println();

    if (!Rtc.IsDateTimeValid()) 
    
        if (Rtc.LastError() != 0)
        
            // we have a communications error
            // see https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/WireEndTransmission for 
            // what the number means
            Serial.print("RTC communications error = ");
            Serial.println(Rtc.LastError());
        
        else
        
            Serial.println("RTC lost confidence in the DateTime!");
            Rtc.SetDateTime(compiled);
        
    

    if (!Rtc.GetIsRunning())
    
        Serial.println("RTC was not actively running, starting now");
        Rtc.SetIsRunning(true);
    

    RtcDateTime now = Rtc.GetDateTime();
    if (now < compiled) 
    
        Serial.println("RTC is older than compile time!  (Updating DateTime)");
        Rtc.SetDateTime(compiled);
    

    // never assume the Rtc was last configured by you, so
    // just clear them to your needed state
    Rtc.Enable32kHzPin(false);
    Rtc.SetSquareWavePin(DS3231SquareWavePin_ModeNone); 

/* comment out on a second run to see that the info is stored long term */
    // Store something in memory on the Eeprom

    // store starting address of string
    RtcEeprom.SetMemory(0, stringAddr); 
    // store the string, nothing longer than 32 bytes due to paging
    uint8_t written = RtcEeprom.SetMemory(stringAddr, (const uint8_t*)data, sizeof(data) - 1); // remove the null terminator strings add
    // store the length of the string
    RtcEeprom.SetMemory(1, written); // store the 
/* end of comment out section */


void loop () 

    if (!Rtc.IsDateTimeValid()) 
    
        if (Rtc.LastError() != 0)
        
            // we have a communications error
            // see https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/WireEndTransmission for 
            // what the number means
            Serial.print("RTC communications error = ");
            Serial.println(Rtc.LastError());
        
        else
        
            // Common Cuases:
            //    1) the battery on the device is low or even missing and the power line was disconnected
            Serial.println("RTC lost confidence in the DateTime!");
        
    

    RtcDateTime now = Rtc.GetDateTime();

    printDateTime(now);
    Serial.println();

    delay(5000);

    // read data

    // get the offset we stored our data from address zero
    uint8_t address = RtcEeprom.GetMemory(0);
    if (address != stringAddr)
    
        Serial.print("address didn't match ");
        Serial.println(address);
    
    
    
        // get the size of the data from address 1
        uint8_t count = RtcEeprom.GetMemory(1);
        uint8_t buff[64];

        // get our data from the address with the given size
        uint8_t gotten = RtcEeprom.GetMemory(address, buff, count);

        if (gotten != count ||
            count != sizeof(data) - 1) // remove the extra null terminator strings add
        
            Serial.print("something didn't match, count = ");
            Serial.print(count, DEC);
            Serial.print(", gotten = ");
            Serial.print(gotten, DEC);
            Serial.println();
        
        Serial.print("data read (");
        Serial.print(gotten);
        Serial.print(") = \\"");
        for (uint8_t ch = 0; ch < gotten; ch++)
        
            Serial.print((char)buff[ch]);
        
        Serial.println("\\"");
    

    
    delay(5000);




void printDateTime(const RtcDateTime& dt)

    char datestring[20];

    snprintf_P(datestring, 
            countof(datestring),
            PSTR("%02u/%02u/%04u %02u:%02u:%02u"),
            dt.Month(),
            dt.Day(),
            dt.Year(),
            dt.Hour(),
            dt.Minute(),
            dt.Second() );
    Serial.print(datestring);

实验结果:

技术图片

4.总结

本篇主要针对DS3231进行讲解RTC库,相对比较简单,基本上看完例子都能熟练使用,读者可以继续自行研究DS3234库,思想非常相似。

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