Linux上安装MySQL

Posted 2022-01-17 soy-technology

1.1. 准备工作

  Linux 使用的版本是centos 7,为方便起见，先把防火墙关闭，配置好网络，在安装部分，会分成两部分讲，首先讲单实例安装，也就是一台服务器上就装一个mysql，接下来就多实例安装，在一个服务器上安装2个甚至多个mysql.

 

1.2. 单实例安装

 

cp /soft/mysql-5.7.9-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz  /usr/local/

 

解压mysql到/usr/local目录

 

解压：

tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.9-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

 

安装需要的依赖

yum install -y libaio

 

具体安装

shell> groupadd mysql

shell> useradd -r -g mysql mysql

shell> cd /usr/local

shell> tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz

shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql

shell> cd mysql

shell> mkdir mysql-files

shell> chmod 770 mysql-files

shell> chown -R mysql .

shell> chgrp -R mysql .

shell> bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql     # MySQL 5.7.6 and up

shell> bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup              # MySQL 5.7.6 and up

shell> chown -R root .

shell> chown -R mysql data mysql-files

shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

# Next command is optional

shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

 

配置环境变量：

export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

配置开启启动

chkconfig mysql.server on

chkconfig --list

 

登陆，修改密码

set password = ‘root1234%‘;

 

允许远程登陆

 GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘root‘@‘%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘root1234%‘

 

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘root‘@‘%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘root1234%‘ WITH GRANT  OPTION;

 

 

flush privileges;  

 

 

启动的时候可能会报错

 

 

 

这是因为mysql启动的时候需要配置文件，而在安装centos的时候，哪怕是mini版本都会有个默认的配置在/etc目录中

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --verbose --help |grep -A 1 ‘Default options‘

Default options are read from the following files in the given order:

/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf

 

Mysql启动的时候会以上面所述的顺序加载配置文件

 

如果报错，先重命名my.cnf文件

 

1.3. 多实例安装

以前一些很low的方法是，解压两个mysql，分别放到不同文件夹，其实在mysql中已经考虑到了多实例安装的情况。也有相应的脚本命令的支持。

 

现在要求装两个mysql 一个3307，3308

 

新建 /etc/my.cnf 配置如下

 

[mysqld]

sql_mode = "STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,NO_ZERO_DATE,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER"

 

[mysqld_multi]

mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe

mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin

log = /var/log/mysqld_multi.log

 

[mysqld1]

server-id = 11

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock1

port = 3307

datadir = /data1

user = mysql

performance_schema = off

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M

skip_name_resolve = 1

log_error = error.log

pid-file = /data1/mysql.pid1

[mysqld2]

server-id = 12

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock2

port = 3308

datadir = /data2

user = mysql

performance_schema = off

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M

skip_name_resolve = 1

log_error = error.log

pid-file = /data2/mysql.pid2

 

创建2个数据目录

 

mkdir /data1

mkdir /data2

 

chown mysql.mysql /data1..2

 

mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/data1

mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/data2

 

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysqld_multi.server /etc/init.d/mysqld_multid

配置开机启动

chkconfig mysqld_multid on

 

查看状态

mysqld_multi report

 

 

 

 

这个时候发现还需要perl的环境，安装

yum -y install perl perl-devel

 

在运行，发现已经有实例了

mysqld_multi report

 

 

 

mysqld_multi start

启动，分别修改密码，允许远程连接

 mysql -u root -S /tmp/mysql.sock1 -p -P3307

 mysql -u root -S /tmp/mysql.sock2 -p -P3308

 

 

set password = ‘root1234%‘;

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘root‘@‘%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘root1234%‘;

flush privileges;