hibernate入门三之关联映射(一对多和多对一)
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提示;本文的操作是在入门一和二上面的
hibernate对映射类型
在开始是学习的时候,我以为一对多和多对一是同样的,后来发现不是这样,比如说班主任和班级里的学生,一个班级可能有多个学生,但是只有一个班主任,学生和班主任的关系是多对一,班主任和学生的关系是一对多,两者之间的区别在于它们的指向性
- 一对一(one-to-one )
- 一对多(ont-to-many)
- 多对一(many-to-one)
- 多对多(many-to-many)
一对多(ont-to-many)和多对一(many-to-one)最常见和做常用的映射类型
一对多(ont-to-many)
1、创建班级表和学生表,通过外键进行关联(
alter table Students add constraint fk_students_gid foreign key (gid) references grade(gid);
)
2、创建班级表和学生表的实体类(属性/默认构造器、带参构造器、get和set方法,toString方法)
private int gid;
private String gname;
private String gdesc;
// 在一方定义一个多方的集合
private Set<Students> students = new HashSet<Students>();
//其他。。。略
public class Students private int sid; private String sname; private String gender; private Date birthday; //private String address; private Blob pictur; private Address address; //其他。。。略
3、创建Grade.hbm.xml(我的Stuendt.hbm.xml已经配置好了)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="com.hibernate.entity.Grade" table="grade"> <id name="gid" column="gid" type="int"> <generator class="increment"></generator> </id> <property name="gname" type="java.lang.String"> <column name="gname"/> </property> <property name="gdesc" type="java.lang.String"> <column name="gdesc"/> </property> <!--单项的一对多的关系--> <set name="students" table="Students"> <!--指定的关联外键列--> <key column="gid"></key> <one-to-many class="com.hibernate.entity.Students"/> </set> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
4、在cfg.xml中配置映射文件路径
<!--指定映射文件的路径--> <mapping resource="com/hibernate/entity/Grade.hbm.xml"/> <mapping resource="com/hibernate/entity/Students.hbm.xml"/>
5、创建HibernateUtil类
public class HibernadUtil private static SessionFactory sessionFactory; private static Session session; static StandardServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().configure().build(); sessionFactory = new MetadataSources(serviceRegistry).buildMetadata().buildSessionFactory(); //获取SessionFacory public static SessionFactory getSessionFacory() return sessionFactory; //获取session public static Session getSession() return sessionFactory.openSession(); //关闭session public static void closeSession(Session session) if (null != session) session.close();
6、进行测试
public class TestStudentsAndGrade public static void main(String[] args) //add(); //findStudensByGrade(); //update(); deleteStudentsBySid(); //给表中插入数据 public static void add() Grade grade = new Grade("道班", "道一"); Students s = new Students("道一", "男", new Date()); Students s2 = new Students("阴阳", "男", new Date()); Students s3 = new Students("三生", "女", new Date()); System.out.println(grade.getStudents().add(s)); //如果希望在学生表中添加对应道班级编号,需要在班级中添加学生,建立关联关系 grade.getStudents().add(s); grade.getStudents().add(s2); grade.getStudents().add(s3); Session session = HibernadUtil.getSession(); //开启事务 Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction(); session.save(grade); session.save(s); session.save(s2); session.save(s3); transaction.commit(); HibernadUtil.closeSession(session); //查询班级中包含的学生 public static void findStudensByGrade() //获取session Session session = HibernadUtil.getSession(); //获取班级信息 Grade grade = session.get(Grade.class, 1); //输出班级信息 System.out.println(grade.getGname() + "," + grade.getGdesc()); //找出班级信息,然后找出班级学生信息 Set<Students> students = grade.getStudents(); for (Students stu:students ) System.out.println(stu); //修改学生信息 public static void update() Grade grade =new Grade("道","道二"); Session session = HibernadUtil.getSession(); Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction(); //修改学生所在班级信息(grade班级信息为自增长,别一不小心玩过头了) Students students = session.get(Students.class, 2); grade.getStudents().add(students); session.save(grade); transaction.commit(); HibernadUtil.closeSession(session); //从班级中删除学生信息 public static void deleteStudentsBySid() Session session = HibernadUtil.getSession(); Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction(); Students students = session.get(Students.class,9); session.delete(students); transaction.commit(); HibernadUtil.closeSession(session);
7、一对多中的set元素属性
多对一(many-to-one)
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