游戏编程精粹学习 - 衰减图

Posted 2021-12-29 hont

灯光衰减图可以模拟3D贴图的效果，但也有一定的局限性。给灯光使用衰减图可以一定程度的控制灯光形状。

如使用衰减图与翻页动画制作的灯火效果：

 

优点：

• 一定程度上的3D Texture
• 可以拿来做摇曳灯火等

缺点：

• 定制性比较高，真正使用可能要借助CB
• 相比3D Texture可控程度有限

 

原文先从泛光灯公式讲起，后讲到XY与Z的贴图拆分。这里仅大致实现。测试shader如下：

Shader "Custom/VirtualPointLight"

    Properties
    
        _MainTex("Texture", 2D) = "white" 
        _AtteTex_XY("Atte Texture XY", 2D) = "white" 
        _AtteTex_Z("Atte Texture Z", 2D) = "white" 
        _VirtualLightPos("Virtual Light Position", vector) = (0, 0, 0, 0)
        _VirtualLightRange("Virtual Light Range", float) = 0.5
        _VirtualLightColor("Virtual Light Color", Color) = (0, 0, 0, 0)
        _Shininess("Shininess", range(0.1, 100)) = 1
    

    SubShader
    
        Tags "RenderType" = "Opaque" 

        Pass
        
            CGPROGRAM
            #pragma vertex vert
            #pragma fragment frag

            #include "UnityCG.cginc"

            struct appdata
            
                float4 vertex : POSITION;
                float2 uv : TEXCOORD0;
                float3 normal :  NORMAL;
            ;

            struct v2f
            
                float2 uv : TEXCOORD0;
                float4 vertex : SV_POSITION;
                float4 lightVolume : TEXCOORD1;
                float3 d01 : TEXCOORD2;
            ;

            sampler2D _MainTex;

            sampler2D _AtteTex_XY;
            sampler2D _AtteTex_Z;

            float4 _MainTex_ST;
            float4 _VirtualLightPos;
            float4 _VirtualLightColor;
            float _Shininess;
            float _VirtualLightRange;

            v2f vert(appdata v)
            
                v2f o;
                o.vertex = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
                o.uv = TRANSFORM_TEX(v.uv, _MainTex);

                float4 worldPosition = mul(unity_ObjectToWorld, v.vertex);
                float4 N = normalize(mul(unity_ObjectToWorld, v.normal));
                float3 d = _VirtualLightPos - worldPosition;

                o.d01 = d / _VirtualLightRange;

                float3 L = d;
                float3 V = normalize(_WorldSpaceCameraPos.xyz - worldPosition.xyz).xyz;
                float3 H = normalize(L + V);

                float4 diffuse = max(dot(N, L), 0);
                float specular = pow(max(0, dot(H, N)), _Shininess);

                o.lightVolume = diffuse + specular;
                o.lightVolume = o.lightVolume;

                return o;
            

            fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target
            
                fixed4 col = tex2D(_MainTex, i.uv);
                fixed d01_xy = tex2D(_AtteTex_XY, i.d01.xy + 0.5).r;
                fixed d01_z = tex2D(_AtteTex_Z, half2(i.d01.z + 0.5, 0.5)).r;

                fixed atte = 1 - (d01_xy + d01_z);
                return col * _VirtualLightColor * (i.lightVolume * atte);
            
            ENDCG
        
    

 

测试C#脚本：

public class VirtualLightBind : MonoBehaviour

    void Update()
    
        material.SetVector("_VirtualLightPos", transform.position);