编译LNMP部署动态网站环境

Posted 2021-12-08 lyshark

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title: 编译LNMP部署动态网站环境
date: 2018-11-08 13:59:59
tags:

Linux 服务配置
categories: Linux 服务配置
copyright: true
---

LNMP动态网站部署架构是由一套 Linux+nginx+mysql+php 组成的动态网站系统解决方案.
以下配置环境为：Linux=RHEL7 --> Nginx=1.13 --> MySQL=5.6 --> PHP=7.0 无错误版.

安装编译环境

在使用源码包安装服务程序之前,首先要让安装主机具备编译程序源码的环境,他需要具备C语言,C++语言的编译器,以及常见的编译支持函数库程序,下面我们将通过Yum仓库来快速部署这些包.

[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ apr apr-util  autoconf automake bison bzip2

Loaded plugins: product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager.
Package gcc-4.8.5-28.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package gcc-c++-4.8.5-28.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package apr-1.4.8-3.el7_4.1.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package autoconf-2.69-11.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
Package automake-1.13.4-3.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
Package bison-3.0.4-1.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package bzip2-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do

CMake是Linux系统中一款常用的编译工具,在这里MySQL的编译会用到CMake命令,接下来我们将解压,并编译安装这个包.

[[email protected] ~]# tar -xzvf cmake-2.8.11.2.tar.gz
[[email protected] ~]# cd cmake-2.8.11.2
[[email protected] ~]# ./configure
[[email protected] ~]# make
[[email protected] ~]# make install

编译安装 Nginx

Nginx是一款相当优秀的用于部署动态网站的轻量级服务程序,他最初是为俄罗斯门户站点开发的,因其性能稳定,功能丰富,占用内存小且并发能力高而备受用户的信赖,目前诸如,新浪搜狐,网易,腾讯等门户站点均已经使用了此服务.

坦白来说,虽然Nginx服务程序代码质量非常高,代码很规范,技术成熟,模块扩展也很容易,但任然存在不少的问题,比如官方资料对中文的支持较少,但是Nginx服务程序,在近几年来的发展势头迅猛,相信会在轻量级Web服务器市场能够有不错的前景.

1.在编译配置Nginx之前我们还需要解决相关依赖问题,例如用于提供Perl语言兼容的正则表达式库的软件包pcre,就是Nginx程序用于实现伪静态功能必不可少的依赖包,下面我们先来解压,并编译,安装这个包.

[[email protected] ~]# tar -xzvf pcre-8.35.tar.gz
[[email protected] ~]# cd pcre-8.35
[[email protected] ~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre
[[email protected] ~]# make
[[email protected] ~]# make install

2.紧接着继续编译安装openssl,这个工具是用与提供网站加密证书服务的程序文件,安装时需要自定义服务程序的安装目录,以便于后期调用命令是更方便.

[[email protected] ~]# tar -xzvf openssl-1.0.1h.tar.gz
[[email protected] ~]# cd openssl-1.0.1h
[[email protected] ~]# ./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl
[[email protected] ~]# make
[[email protected] ~]# make install

3.在openssl安装后,默认会在/usr/local/openssl/bin目录中提供很多可用命令,我们将这个目录添加到PATH环境变量里,方便后期的调用.

[[email protected] ~]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/openssl/bin" >> /etc/profile
[[email protected] ~]# source /etc/profile
[[email protected] ~]# openssl 
OpenSSL>

4.zlib软件包是用户提供压缩功能的函数文件,下面我们开始编译安装.

[[email protected] ~]# tar -xzvf zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz
[[email protected] ~]# cd zlib-1.2.8
[[email protected] ~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/zlib
[[email protected] ~]# make
[[email protected] ~]# make install

5.在安装好zlib后,下面我们进入编译Nginx的前戏阶段,创建一个Nginx用户

[[email protected] ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M nginx

6.下面开始编译安装Nginx,这里我们需要指定--user与--group参数,也就是用户与组,在使用参数openssl和zlib库时应该指定具体位置.

[[email protected] ~]# tar -xzvf nginx-1.13.12.tar.gz
[[email protected] ~]# cd nginx-1.13.12
[[email protected] ~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx > --user=nginx --group=nginx > --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module > --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-openssl=/root/openssl-1.0.1h > --with-zlib=/root/zlib-1.2.8 --with-pcre=/root/pcre-8.35
[[email protected] ~]# make
[[email protected] ~]# make install

7.启动Nginx,并设置开机自启动

[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t                        #检测配置文件正确性
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx                           #启动Nginx
[[email protected] ~]# kill -QUIT $(cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid)     #关闭Nginx
[[email protected] ~]# kill -HUP $(cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid)      #重启Nginx
[[email protected] ~]# echo "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 2> /dev/null" >> /etc/profile

编译安装 MySQL

MySQL是一个关系型数据库管理系统,由瑞典MySQL AB公司开发,目前属于Oracle旗下产品.MySQL是最流行的关系型数据库管理系统之一,在WEB应用方面,MySQL是最好的RDBMS应用软件,MySQL是一种关系数据库管理系统,关系数据库将数据保存在不同的表中,而不是将所有数据放在一个大仓库内,这样就增加了速度并提高了灵活性.这里需要注意的是由于MySQL5.7以后产品闭源了,后期的话可以使用MariaDB替代.

1.在编译MySQL过程中,我们需要创建一个mysql的系统用户,专门负责运行MySQL数据库,记得把这个账户变成一个不可登录的用户,且也无需创建家目录,提高系统安全性.

[[email protected] ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql

2.创建一个用于保存MySQL程序,和数据库文件的目录,并把该目录所有者和所属组改成mysql,其中/usr/local/mysql用于保存MySQL数据程序,而/usr/local/mysql/data则用来保存数据库文件.

[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/data
[[email protected] ~]# chown -Rf mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/

3.安装Ncurses,若不安装ncurses编译MySQL时会报错

[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y ncurses-devel
[[email protected] ~]# tar -xzvf ncurses-6.1.tar.gz
[[email protected] ~]# cd ncurses-6.1
[[email protected] ~]# ./configure --with-shared --without-debug --without-ada --enable-overwrite
[[email protected] ~]# make
[[email protected] ~]# make install

# --without-ada参数为设定不编译为ada绑定，因进入chroot环境不能使用ada ；
# --enable-overwrite参数为定义把头文件安装到/tools/include下而不是/tools/include/ncurses目录
# --with-shared 生成共享库

4.接下来,开始解压编译MySQL,由于MySQL体积过大,编译时间很长,耐心等待吧

[[email protected] ~]# tar -xzvf mysql-5.6.19.tar.gz
[[email protected] ~]# cd mysql-5.6.19
[[email protected] ~]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306
[[email protected] ~]# make
[[email protected] ~]# make install

5.下面进入配置环节,首先删除/etc/my.cnf默认配置文件,然后在MySQL程序目录内,找到一个名为mysql_install_db的脚本文件,执行这个脚本,并使用--user参数指定MySQL服务的对应账号名称,使用--basedir指定MySQL程序保存目录,使用--datadir指定数据库目录.

[[email protected] ~]# rm -fr /etc/my.cnf
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[[email protected] mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/

....
New default config file was created as /usr/local/mysql//my.cnf and
will be used by default by the server when you start it.
You may edit this file to change server settings

6.接着把,MySQL数据库配置文件复制到/etc/目录下,然后把开机程序复制到/etc/rc.d/init.d目录下,给脚本755的权限.

[[email protected] mysql]# cp -a my.cnf /etc/my.cnf
[[email protected] mysql]# cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
[[email protected] mysql]# chmod 755 -R /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

7.修改刚刚的配置文件,改basedir=/usr/local/mysql,datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data这一行.

[[email protected] mysql]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

 43 # If you change base dir, you must also change datadir. These may get
 44 # overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files.
 45 
 46 basedir= /usr/local/mysql
 47 datadir= /usr/local/mysql/data
 48 
 49 # Default value, in seconds, afterwhich the script should timeout waiting
 50 # for server start.

8.启动MySQL,与设置chkconfig开机自启动的配置.

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
[[email protected] ~]# chkconfig --list mysqld

Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
      systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
      systemd configuration.

      If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
      To see services enabled on particular target use
      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.

mysqld          0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

[[email protected] ~]# echo "/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &" >> /etc/rc.local

9.添加环境变量,使用相对路径命令,这样就能直接访问了.

[[email protected] ~]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
[[email protected] ~]# source /etc/profile
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.6.19 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

10.MySQL数据库还会调用一些函数库,在这里我们把它们复制到指定的位置吧.

[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /var/lib/mysql
[[email protected] ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/* /var/lib/mysql
[[email protected] ~]# ln /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql /usr/include/
[[email protected] ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql /usr/include/mysql

11.接着我们执行 mysql_secure_installation 命令,给MySQL设置初始密码,到此配置完毕

[[email protected] ~]# mysql_secure_installation 
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -p1233
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 18
Server version: 5.6.19 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

编译安装 PHP

PHP是一种通用开源脚本语言,语法吸收了C语言、Java和Perl的特点,利于学习使用广泛,主要适用于Web开发领域.PHP独特的语法混合了C、Java、Perl以及PHP自创的语法.它可以比CGI或者Perl更快速地执行动态网页.用PHP做出的动态页面与其他的编程语言相比,PHP是将程序嵌入到html文档中去执行,执行效率比完全生成HTML标记的CGI要高许多,PHP还可以执行编译后代码,编译可以达到加密和优化代码运行,使代码运行更快.

1.在编译安装PHP之前首先要解决依赖的问题,例如yasm是一款常见的开源汇编器.

[[email protected] ~]# tar -xzvf yasm-1.2.0.tar.gz
[[email protected] ~]# cd yasm-1.2.0
[[email protected] ~]# ./configure
[[email protected] ~]# make
[[email protected] ~]# make install

2.libmcrypt是用于加密算法的扩展库程序.

[[email protected] ~]# tar -xzvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
[[email protected] ~]# cd libmcrypt-2.5.8
[[email protected] ~]# ./configure
[[email protected] ~]# make
[[email protected] ~]# make install

3.libvpx是用于提供视频编码器服务的程序.

[[email protected] ~]# tar -xjvf libvpx-v1.3.0.tar.bz2
[[email protected] ~]# cd libvpx-v1.3.0
[[email protected] ~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libvpx --enable-shared --enable-vp9
[[email protected] ~]# make
[[email protected] ~]# make install

4.tiff是用于提供标签图像文件格式的服务程序.

[[email protected] ~]# tar -xzvf tiff-4.0.3.tar.gz
[[email protected] ~]# cd tiff-4.0.3
[[email protected] ~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/tiff --enable-shared
[[email protected]ocalhost ~]# make
[[email protected] ~]# make install

5.libpng是用于提供png图片格式支持函数库的服务程序.

[[email protected] ~]# tar -xzvf libpng-1.6.12.tar.gz
[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y zlib zlib-devel
[[email protected] ~]#  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libpng --enable-shared
[[email protected] ~]# make
[[email protected] ~]# make install

6.freetype是用于提供字体支持引擎的服务.

[[email protected] ~]# tar -xzvf freetype-2.5.3.tar.gz
[[email protected] ~]# cd freetype-2.5.3
[[email protected] ~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/freetype -enable-shared
[[email protected] ~]# make
[[email protected] ~]# make install

7.jpeg是用于提供jpeg图片格式支持的函数库.

[[email protected] ~]# tar -xzvf jpegsrc.v9a.tar.gz
[[email protected] ~]# cd jpeg-9a
[[email protected] ~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/jpeg --enable-shared
[[email protected] ~]# make
[[email protected] ~]# make install

8.libgd是用于提供图形处理的服务.

[[email protected] ~]# tar -xzvf libgd-2.1.0.tar.gz
[[email protected] ~]# cd libgd-2.1.0
[[email protected] ~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libgd --with-jpeg=/usr/local/jpeg --with-freetype=/usr/local/freetype --with-tiff=/usr/local/tiff --with-vpx=/usr/local/libvpx
[[email protected] ~]# make
[[email protected] ~]# make install

9.tlib是用于提供图片生成函数库的服务程序.

[[email protected] ~]# tar -xzvf t1lib-5.1.2.tar.gz
[[email protected] ~]# cd t1lib-5.1.2
[[email protected] ~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/t1lib --enable-shared
[[email protected] ~]# make
[[email protected] ~]#  make install

[[email protected] ~]# ln -s /usr/lib64/libltdl.so.7 /usr/lib/libltdl.so
[[email protected] ~]# cp -a frp /usr/lib64/libXpm.so* /usr/lib/

10.编译安装PHP程序.(这里既可以使用5.x也可以使用7.x参数通用)

[[email protected] ~]# tar -xzvf php-7.0.0.tar.gz
[[email protected] ~]# yum install -y libxml2 libxml2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libXpm-devel
[[email protected] ~]# cd php-7.0.0
[[email protected] ~]# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/libgd/lib
[[email protected] ~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-gd --with-png-dir=/usr/local/libpng --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/jpeg --with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/freetype --with-xpm-dir=/usr/ --with-vpx-dir=/usr/local/libvpx/ --with-zlib-dir=/usr/local/zlib --with-t1lib=/usr/local/t1lib --with-iconv --enable-libxml --enable-xml --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --enable-opcache --enable-mbregex --enable-fpm --enable-mbstring --enable-ftp --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --without-pear --with-gettext --enable-session --with-mcrypt --with-curl --enable-ctype
[[email protected] ~]# make
[[email protected] ~]# make install

配置 PHP与Nginx

1.拷贝相应配置文件

cp -a php.ini-development /usr/local/php7/lib/php.ini
cp -a /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
cp -a sapi/fpm/php-fpm /usr/local/bin

2.编辑配置文件,在PHP文件末尾追加写入以下标★语句

vim /usr/local/php7/lib/php.ini

cgi.fix_pathinfo=1                  #将注释去掉,开启PHP的pathinfo伪静态功能
max_execution_time = 0                  #脚本运行的最长时间,默认30秒
max_input_time = 300                    #脚本可以消耗的时间,默认60秒
memory_limit = 256M                 #脚本运行最大消耗的内存,根据你的需求更改数值,默认128M
post_max_size = 100M                    #单提交的最大数据，默认100M
upload_max_filesize = 10M               #上载文件的最大许可大小,默认2M

3.修改php-fpm的配置,在PHP-fpm文件中,修改以下标★语句

cd  /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/

cp -a www.conf.default www.conf

vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf 

★listen.owner = nobody                  #解除注释
★listen.group = nobody                  #解除注释

★user = nginx                       #将apache修改为nginx
★group = nginx                      #将apache修改为nginx

4.修改nginx的主配置,在server语句内,写入以下标★语句

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

38     server {
39         listen       80 default_server;
40         listen       [::]:80 default_server;
41         server_name  _;
42         root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
43 
44         # Load configuration files for the default server block.
45         include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
46 
★         location / {
★ 
★         root   html;
★         index index.php index.html index.htm;
★ 
52         }
53 
★         location ~ \.php$ {
★         root           /usr/local/nginx/html;
★         try_files $uri =404;
★         fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
★         fastcgi_index  index.php;
★         fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
★         include        fastcgi_params;
★         }
62 
63         error_page 404 /404.html;
64             location = /40x.html {
65         }

5.设置网页目录权限

chown -R nginx:nginx /usr/local/nginx/html/

6.新建index.php测试页

vim /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php

<?php
    phpinfo();
?>

7.重启服务,并查看9000端口是否启动成功

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
/usr/local/php7/sbin/php-fpm

netstat -npa | grep 9000

8.配置妥当后,便可以复制php管理脚本,并加入到开机自启动列表

[[email protected] php-7.0.0]# cp -a sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
[[email protected] php-7.0.0]# chmod 755 -R /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
[[email protected] php-7.0.0]# chkconfig php-fpm on
[[email protected] php-7.0.0]# 
[[email protected] php-7.0.0]# chkconfig --list php-fpm

Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
      systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
      systemd configuration.

      If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
      To see services enabled on particular target use
      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.

php-fpm         0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

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