c++简单String类实现

Posted 2021-12-03 beixiaobei

 

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class String
{
public:
    String(const char* str = NULL);//通用构造函数,String("abc")
    String(const String &str);//拷贝构造
    ~String();

    String& operator=(const String &str);//赋值运算符。返回引用
    String operator+(const String &str) const;
    String& operator+=(const String &str);//+=操作符。返回引用
    char& operator[](int n) const;//下标操作符。返回引用
    bool operator==(const String &str) const;

    int size() const;//字符串实际大小，不包括结束符
    const char *c_str() const;//将string转为char *

private:
    char *data;
    int length;
};

String::String(const char* str)//通用构造
{
    if (!str)
    {//为空。String a()
        length = 0;
        data = new char[1];
        *data = ‘\0‘;
    }
    else
    {
        length = strlen(str);
        data = new char[length + 1];
        strcpy(data, str);//会拷贝源的结束符
    }
}


String::String(const String &str)//拷贝构造，深拷贝
{
    length = str.size();
    data = new char[length + 1];
    strcpy(data, str.c_str());
}

String::~String()
{
    delete[] data;
    length = 0;
}

String& String::operator=(const String &str)//赋值操作符4步
{
    if (this == &str) return *this;//1 自我赋值，返回自身引用

    delete[] data;//2 删除原有数据
    
    length = str.size();//3 深拷贝
    data = new char[length + 1];
    strcpy(data, str.c_str());

    return *this;//4 返回自身引用
}
String String::operator+(const String &str) const//+操作符3步
{//新建对象包括新空间，拷贝两个数据，返回新空间
    String newString;
    newString.length = length + str.size();
    newString.data = new char[newString.length + 1];
    strcpy(newString.data, data);
    strcat(newString.data, str.data);
    return newString;
}

String& String::operator+=(const String &str)//+=操作符5步
{//重分配新空间，拷贝两个数据，删除自己原空间，赋值为新空间，返回引用
    length += str.size();//成员length是实际长度
    char *newdata = new char[length + 1];
    strcpy(newdata, data);
    strcat(newdata, str.c_str());
    delete[] data;
    data = newdata;
    return *this;
}

char& String::operator[](int n) const
{//下标操作符，返回引用
    if (n >= length) return data[length - 1];//如果越界，返回最后一个字符
    else return data[n];
}

bool String::operator==(const String &str) const
{
    if (length != str.size()) return false;
    return strcmp(data, str.c_str()) ? false : true;
}

int String::size() const
{
    return length;
}

const char *String::c_str() const
{
    return data;
}

int main()
{
    char a[] = "Hello", b[] = "World!";
    String s1(a), s2(b);
    cout << s1.c_str() << endl;
    cout << s2.c_str() << endl;
    s1 += s2;
    cout << s1.c_str() << endl;
    s1 = s2;
    cout << s1.c_str() << endl;
    cout << (s1 + s2).c_str() << endl;
    cout << s1.size() << endl;
    cout << s1[1] << endl;

    if (s1 == s2)
        cout << "相等" << endl;
}