《卸甲笔记》-限定查询与排序显示
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限定查询与排序显示
限定查询指的是在数据查询时设置一系列的过滤条件，只有满足指定的条件后才可以进行显示
在SQL标准中限定查询的语法如下：
select [distinct] *|列名称 [as] [列别名],列名称 [as] [列别名], … from 表名称 [表别名] [where 条件(s)]
1查看emp表中的数据量
Oracle
SQL> select count(*) from emp;
COUNT(*)
----------
14
PPAS
scott=# select count(*) from emp;
count
-------
14
(1 row)
2 统计出基本工资高于1500元的全部雇员信息
Oracle
SQL> select * from emp where sal>1500;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------
SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81
1600 300 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81
2975 20
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81
2850 30
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------
SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81
2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87
3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81
5000 10
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------
SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81
3000 20
7 rows selected.
PPAS
scott=# select * from emp where sal>1500;
empno | ename | job | mgr | hiredate | sal | comm | deptno
-------+-------+-----------+------+--------------------+---------+--------+--------
7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 20-FEB-81 00:00:00 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30
7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 02-APR-81 00:00:00 | 2975.00 | | 20
7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 01-MAY-81 00:00:00 | 2850.00 | | 30
7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 09-JUN-81 00:00:00 | 2450.00 | | 10
7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 19-APR-87 00:00:00 | 3000.00 | | 20
7839 | KING | PRESIDENT | | 17-NOV-81 00:00:00 | 5000.00 | | 10
7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 03-DEC-81 00:00:00 | 3000.00 | | 20
(7 rows)
3查询出所有基本工资小于等于2000元的全部雇员信息
Oracle
SQL> select * from emp where sal<=2000;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------
SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80
800 20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81
1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81
1250 500 30
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------
SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81
1250 1400 30
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81
1500 0 30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87
1100 20
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------
SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81
950 30
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82
1300 10
8 rows selected.
PPAS
scott=# select * from emp where sal<=2000;
empno | ename | job | mgr | hiredate | sal | comm | deptno
-------+--------+----------+------+--------------------+---------+---------+--------
7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 17-DEC-80 00:00:00 | 800.00 | | 20
7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 20-FEB-81 00:00:00 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30
7521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 22-FEB-81 00:00:00 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30
7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 28-SEP-81 00:00:00 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30
7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 08-SEP-81 00:00:00 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30
7876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 23-MAY-87 00:00:00 | 1100.00 | | 20
7900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 03-DEC-81 00:00:00 | 950.00 | | 30
7934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 23-JAN-82 00:00:00 | 1300.00 | | 10
(8 rows)
4根据之前的查询结果发现SMITH的工资 最低，所以现在希望可以取得SMITH的详细资料
Oracle
SQL> select * from emp where ename=‘SMITH‘;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------
SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80
800 20
PPAS
scott=# select * from emp where ename=‘SMITH‘;
empno | ename | job | mgr | hiredate | sal | comm | deptno
-------+-------+-------+------+--------------------+--------+------+--------
7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 17-DEC-80 00:00:00 | 800.00 | | 20
(1 row)
5查询出所有业务员（CLERK）的雇员信息
Oracle
SQL> select * from emp where job=‘CLERK‘;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------
SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80
800 20
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87
1100 20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81
950 30
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------
SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82
1300 10
PPAS
scott=# select * from emp where job=‘CLERK‘;
empno | ename | job | mgr | hiredate | sal | comm | deptno
-------+--------+-------+------+--------------------+---------+------+--------
7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 17-DEC-80 00:00:00 | 800.00 | | 20
7876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 23-MAY-87 00:00:00 | 1100.00 | | 20
7900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 03-DEC-81 00:00:00 | 950.00 | | 30
7934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 23-JAN-82 00:00:00 | 1300.00 | | 10
(4 rows)
6为了和其他职位的雇员对比，现在决定查询所有不是业务员的雇员信息
Oracle
SQL> select * from emp where job<>‘CLERK‘;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------
SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81
1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81
1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81
2975 20
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------
SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81
1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81
2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81
2450 10
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------
SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87
3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81
5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81
1500 0 30
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------
SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81
3000 20
10 rows selected.
SQL> select * from emp where job!=‘CLERK‘;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------
SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81
1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81
1250 500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81
2975 20
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------
SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81
1250 1400 30
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81
2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81
2450 10
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------
SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87
3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81
5000 10
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81
1500 0 30
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------
SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81
3000 20
10 rows selected.
PPAS
scott=# select * from emp where job<>‘CLERK‘;
empno | ename | job | mgr | hiredate | sal | comm | deptno
-------+--------+-----------+------+--------------------+---------+---------+--------
7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 20-FEB-81 00:00:00 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30
7521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 22-FEB-81 00:00:00 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30
7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 02-APR-81 00:00:00 | 2975.00 | | 20
7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 28-SEP-81 00:00:00 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30
7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 01-MAY-81 00:00:00 | 2850.00 | | 30
7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 09-JUN-81 00:00:00 | 2450.00 | | 10
7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 19-APR-87 00:00:00 | 3000.00 | | 20
7839 | KING | PRESIDENT | | 17-NOV-81 00:00:00 | 5000.00 | | 10
7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 08-SEP-81 00:00:00 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30
7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 03-DEC-81 00:00:00 | 3000.00 | | 20
(10 rows)
scott=# select * from emp where job!=‘CLERK‘;
empno | ename | job | mgr | hiredate | sal | comm | deptno
-------+--------+-----------+------+--------------------+---------+---------+--------
7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 20-FEB-81 00:00:00 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30
7521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 22-FEB-81 00:00:00 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30
7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 02-APR-81 00:00:00 | 2975.00 | | 20
7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 28-SEP-81 00:00:00 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30
7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 01-MAY-81 00:00:00 | 2850.00 | | 30
7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 09-JUN-81 00:00:00 | 2450.00 | | 10
7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 19-APR-87 00:00:00 | 3000.00 | | 20
7839 | KING | PRESIDENT | | 17-NOV-81 00:00:00 | 5000.00 | | 10
7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 08-SEP-81 00:00:00 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30
7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 03-DEC-81 00:00:00 | 3000.00 | | 20
(10 rows)
7查询出工资范围在1500~3000（包含1500和3000）元的全部雇员信息
Oracle
SQL> select * from emp where sal>=1500 and sal<=3000;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------
SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81
1600 300 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81
2975 20
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81
2850 30
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------
SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81
2450 10
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87
3000 20
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81
1500 0 30
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------
SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81
3000 20
7 rows selected.
PPAS
scott=# select * from emp where sal>=1500 and sal<=3000;
empno | ename | job | mgr | hiredate | sal | comm | deptno
-------+--------+----------+------+--------------------+---------+--------+--------
7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 20-FEB-81 00:00:00 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30
7566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 02-APR-81 00:00:00 | 2975.00 | | 20
7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 01-MAY-81 00:00:00 | 2850.00 | | 30
7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 09-JUN-81 00:00:00 | 2450.00 | | 10
7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 19-APR-87 00:00:00 | 3000.00 | | 20
7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 08-SEP-81 00:00:00 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30
7902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 03-DEC-81 00:00:00 | 3000.00 | | 20
(7 rows)
8查询职位是销售人员，并且基本工资高于1200元的所有雇员信息
Oracle
SQL> select * from emp where job=‘SALESMAN‘ and sal>1200;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------
SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81
1600 300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81
1250 500 30
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81
1250 1400 30
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------
SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81
1500 0 30
PPAS
scott=# select * from emp where job=‘SALESMAN‘ and sal>1200;
empno | ename | job | mgr | hiredate | sal | comm | deptno
-------+--------+----------+------+--------------------+---------+---------+--------
7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 20-FEB-81 00:00:00 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30
7521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 22-FEB-81 00:00:00 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30
7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 28-SEP-81 00:00:00 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30
7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 08-SEP-81 00:00:00 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30
(4 rows)
9要求查询出10部门中的经理或者20部门中的业务员的信息
Oralce
SQL> select * from emp
2 where (deptno=10 and job=‘MANAGER‘) or (deptno=20 and job=‘CLERK‘);
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------
SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80
800 20
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81
2450 10
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87
1100 20
PPAS
scott=# select * from emp
scott-# where (deptno=10 and job=‘MANAGER‘) or (deptno=20 and job=‘CLERK‘);
empno | ename | job | mgr | hiredate | sal | comm | deptno
-------+-------+---------+------+--------------------+---------+------+--------
7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 17-DEC-80 00:00:00 | 800.00 | | 20
7782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 09-JUN-81 00:00:00 | 2450.00 | | 10
7876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 23-MAY-87 00:00:00 | 1100.00 | | 20
(3 rows)
10查询不是业务员且基本工资大于2000元的全部雇员信息
Oracle
SQL> select * from emp
2 where job !=‘CLERK‘ and sal>2000;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------
SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81
2975 20
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81
2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81
2450 10
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------
SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87
3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81
5000 10
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81
3000 20
6 rows selected.
SQL> select * from emp
2 where job <>‘CLERK‘ and sal>2000;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------
SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81
2975 20
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81
2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81
2450 10
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------
SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87
3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81
5000 10
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81
3000 20
6 rows selected.
SQL> select * from emp
2 where not(job=‘CLERK‘ or sal<=2000);
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------
SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81
2975 20
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81
2850 30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81
2450 10
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------
SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87
3000 20
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81
5000 10
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