安装TensorFlow-gpu

Posted 2021-12-01 youpeng

安装TensorFlow-gpu

本文介绍的是安装CUDA9.0和TensorFlow1.8,当然，如果你想安装更高版本的，可以仿照本文思路来安装，只是版本不同，思路是一样的。

可以从下面这个网址查看TensorFlow与CUDA的版本对应情况

https://tensorflow.google.cn/install/source

一、安装CUDA

最新版本的CUDA Tookit(https://developer.nvidia.com/accelerated-computing-toolkit)

1.从‘>CUDA9.0下载runfile(local)格式的包

2.安装 CUDA

chmod +x cuda_9.0.176_384.81_linux.run 
sudo sh sh ./cuda_9.0.176_384.81_linux.run

询问是否需要添加驱动时，选择no

Do you accept the previously read EULA?
accept/decline/quit: accept

Install NVIDIA Accelerated Graphics Driver for Linux-x86_64 410.48?
(y)es/(n)o/(q)uit: n

Install the CUDA 9.0 Toolkit?
(y)es/(n)o/(q)uit: y

Enter Toolkit Location
 [ default is /usr/local/cuda-9.0 ]: 

Do you want to install a symbolic link at /usr/local/cuda?
(y)es/(n)o/(q)uit: y

Install the CUDA 9.0 Samples?
(y)es/(n)o/(q)uit: 
Install the CUDA 9.0 Samples?
(y)es/(n)o/(q)uit: y

Enter CUDA Samples Location
 [ default is /home/jason ]: 

安装完成后

Installing the CUDA Toolkit in /usr/local/cuda-9.0 ...
 
Installing the CUDA Samples in /home/jason ...
Copying samples to /home/jason/NVIDIA_CUDA-9.0_Samples now...
Finished copying samples.

===========
= Summary =
===========

Driver:   Not Selected
Toolkit:  Installed in /usr/local/cuda-9.0
Samples:  Installed in /home/jason

Please make sure that
 -   PATH includes /usr/local/cuda-9.0/bin
 -   LD_LIBRARY_PATH includes /usr/local/cuda-9.0/lib64, or, add /usr/local/cuda-9.0/lib64 to /etc/ld.so.conf and run ldconfig as root

To uninstall the CUDA Toolkit, run the uninstall script in /usr/local/cuda-9.0/bin

Please see CUDA_Installation_Guide_Linux.pdf in /usr/local/cuda-9.0/doc/pdf for detailed information on setting up CUDA.

***WARNING: Incomplete installation! This installation did not install the CUDA Driver. A driver of version at least 384.00 is required for CUDA 9.0 functionality to work.
To install the driver using this installer, run the following command, replacing <CudaInstaller> with the name of this run file:
    sudo <CudaInstaller>.run -silent -driver

Logfile is /tmp/cuda_install_2813.log

3.将CUDA的安装目录添加到path

cd ~
sudo gedit .bashrc

在最后面添加，对于不同的版本只要改改cuda的版本就行了

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda-9.0/lib64:/usr/local/cuda/extras/CPUTI/lib64
export CUDA_HOME=/usr/local/cuda-9.0/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$CUDA_HOME

4.检查是否安装成功，命令nvcc -V

运行测试用例，当然得你在第1步同意下载smaples才行，其实，通过上一步已经基本确定CUDA安装成功了

cd ~/NVIDIA_CUDA-9.0_Samples/1_Utilities/bandwidthTest
make
./bandwidthTest

[CUDA Bandwidth Test] - Starting...
Running on...

 Device 0: GeForce MX150
 Quick Mode

 Host to Device Bandwidth, 1 Device(s)
 PINNED Memory Transfers
   Transfer Size (Bytes)    Bandwidth(MB/s)
   33554432         3035.4

 Device to Host Bandwidth, 1 Device(s)
 PINNED Memory Transfers
   Transfer Size (Bytes)    Bandwidth(MB/s)
   33554432         2786.0

 Device to Device Bandwidth, 1 Device(s)
 PINNED Memory Transfers
   Transfer Size (Bytes)    Bandwidth(MB/s)
   33554432         33879.5
 
Result = PASS

NOTE: The CUDA Samples are not meant for performance measurements. Results may vary when GPU Boost is enabled.

返回Result = PASS 表示安装成功

二、安装TensorFlow

官方推荐是用Virtualenv安装，不过这里我们仅使用pip进行安装。

我用的是pip3，当然那你也可以用普通的pip，建议用pip3，如果你系统默认Python版本是3的话，pip好像是对应Python2的

先说一下，直接下载当前最新TensorFlow版本的命令pip3 install --upgrade tensorflow-gpu

但考虑到兼容性，还是自己指定一个相对第一点的版本安装吧

需要FQ的方法：pip3 install tensorflow-gpu==1.8

不需要FQ的方法：pip3 install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/ --upgrade tensorflow-gpu

等待结束就安装完成了。

更加详细的安装方法：

三、安装cuDNN

从‘>cuDNN archive下载对应版本cuDNN，注意一定要和CUDA相对应，下载cuDNN Library for Linux

解压

sudo tar -zxvf cudnn-9.0-linux-x64-v7.5.1.10.tgz

sudo cp cuda/include/cudnn.h /usr/local/cuda/include/ 
sudo cp cuda/lib64/libcudnn* /usr/local/cuda/lib64/ 
sudo chmod a+r /usr/local/cuda/include/cudnn.h 
sudo chmod a+r /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libcudnn*

至此，cuDNN安装完成

四、测试

打开终端，进入Python环境，输入一下代码进行测试

import tensorflow as tf
hello = tf.constant('hello,tensorflow')
sess = tf.Session()  # 输完这句，也会输出一些东西，你可以看看有没有GPU字样来确定是否通过GPU运行的TensorFlow
print(sess.run(hello))

成功会输出b‘hello,tensorflow‘