部署高可用 kube-controller-manager 集群
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本文档介绍部署高可用 kube-controller-manager 集群的步骤。
该集群包含 3 个节点,启动后将通过竞争选举机制产生一个 leader 节点,其它节点为阻塞状态。当 leader 节点不可用后,剩余节点将再次进行选举产生新的 leader 节点,从而保证服务的可用性。
为保证通信安全,本文档先生成 x509 证书和私钥,kube-controller-manager 在如下两种情况下使用该证书:
- 与 kube-apiserver 的安全端口通信时;
- 在安全端口(https,10252) 输出 prometheus 格式的 metrics;
注意:如果没有特殊指明,本文档的所有操作均在 k8s-master1 节点上执行,然后远程分发文件和执行命令。
创建 kube-controller-manager 证书和私钥
创建证书签名请求:
cd /opt/k8s/work cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json <<EOF { "CN": "system:kube-controller-manager", "key": { "algo": "rsa", "size": 2048 }, "hosts": [ "127.0.0.1", "192.168.161.150", "192.168.161.151", "192.168.161.152" ], "names": [ { "C": "CN", "ST": "BeiJing", "L": "BeiJing", "O": "system:kube-controller-manager", "OU": "4Paradigm" } ] } EOF
- hosts 列表包含所有 kube-controller-manager 节点 IP;
- CN 为 system:kube-controller-manager、O 为 system:kube-controller-manager,kubernetes 内置的 ClusterRoleBindings system:kube-controller-manager 赋予 kube-controller-manager 工作所需的权限。
生成证书和私钥:
cd /opt/k8s/work cfssl gencert -ca=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem -ca-key=/opt/k8s/work/ca-key.pem -config=/opt/k8s/work/ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager ls kube-controller-manager*pem
将生成的证书和私钥分发到所有 master 节点:
cd /opt/k8s/work source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh for node_ip in 192.168.161.150 192.168.161.151 192.168.161.152 do echo ">>> ${node_ip}" scp kube-controller-manager*.pem [email protected]${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/cert/ done
创建和分发 kubeconfig 文件
kubeconfig 文件包含访问 apiserver 的所有信息,如 apiserver 地址、CA 证书和自身使用的证书;
cd /opt/k8s/work source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=/opt/k8s/work/ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager --client-certificate=kube-controller-manager.pem --client-key=kube-controller-manager-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager --cluster=kubernetes --user=system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
分发 kubeconfig 到所有 master 节点:
cd /opt/k8s/work source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh for node_ip in 192.168.161.150 192.168.161.151 192.168.161.152 do echo ">>> ${node_ip}" scp kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig [email protected]${node_ip}:/etc/kubernetes/ done
创建和分发 kube-controller-manager systemd unit 文件
cd /opt/k8s/work source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh cat > kube-controller-manager.service <<EOF [Unit] Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes [Service] WorkingDirectory=${K8S_DIR}/kube-controller-manager ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kube-controller-manager \\ --port=0 \\ --secure-port=10252 \\ --bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\ --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \\ --authentication-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \\ --authorization-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \\ --service-cluster-ip-range=${SERVICE_CIDR} \\ --cluster-name=kubernetes \\ --cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\ --cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem \\ --experimental-cluster-signing-duration=8760h \\ --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca.pem \\ --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/ca-key.pem \\ --leader-elect=true \\ --controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner \\ --horizontal-pod-autoscaler-use-rest-clients=true \\ --horizontal-pod-autoscaler-sync-period=10s \\ --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-controller-manager.pem \\ --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/cert/kube-controller-manager-key.pem \\ --use-service-account-credentials=true \\ --kube-api-qps=1000 \\ --kube-api-burst=2000 \\ --logtostderr=true \\ --v=2 Restart=on-failure RestartSec=5 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF
--port=0
:关闭监听 http /metrics 的请求,同时--address
参数无效,--bind-address
参数有效;--secure-port=10252
、--bind-address=0.0.0.0
: 在所有网络接口监听 10252 端口的 https /metrics 请求;--kubeconfig
:指定 kubeconfig 文件路径,kube-controller-manager 使用它连接和验证 kube-apiserver;--authentication-kubeconfig
和--authorization-kubeconfig
:kube-controller-manager 使用它连接 apiserver,对 client 的请求进行认证和授权。kube-controller-manager
不再使用--tls-ca-file
对请求 https metrics 的 Client 证书进行校验。如果没有配置这两个 kubeconfig 参数,则 client 连接 kube-controller-manager https 端口的请求会被拒绝(提示权限不足)。--cluster-signing-*-file
:签名 TLS Bootstrap 创建的证书;--experimental-cluster-signing-duration
:指定 TLS Bootstrap 证书的有效期;--root-ca-file
:放置到容器 ServiceAccount 中的 CA 证书,用来对 kube-apiserver 的证书进行校验;--service-account-private-key-file
:签名 ServiceAccount 中 Token 的私钥文件,必须和 kube-apiserver 的--service-account-key-file
指定的公钥文件配对使用;--service-cluster-ip-range
:指定 Service Cluster IP 网段,必须和 kube-apiserver 中的同名参数一致;--leader-elect=true
:集群运行模式,启用选举功能;被选为 leader 的节点负责处理工作,其它节点为阻塞状态;--controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner
:启用的控制器列表,tokencleaner 用于自动清理过期的 Bootstrap token;--horizontal-pod-autoscaler-*
:custom metrics 相关参数,支持 autoscaling/v2alpha1;--tls-cert-file
、--tls-private-key-file
:使用 https 输出 metrics 时使用的 Server 证书和秘钥;--use-service-account-credentials=true
: kube-controller-manager 中各 controller 使用 serviceaccount 访问 kube-apiserver;
完整 unit 见 kube-controller-manager.service
分发 systemd unit 文件到所有 master 节点:
cd /opt/k8s/work source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh for node_ip in 192.168.161.150 192.168.161.151 192.168.161.152 do echo ">>> ${node_ip}" scp kube-controller-manager.service [email protected]${node_ip}:/etc/systemd/system/ done
kube-controller-manager 的权限
ClusteRole: system:kube-controller-manager 的权限很小,只能创建 secret、serviceaccount 等资源对象,各 controller 的权限分散到 ClusterRole system:controller:XXX 中。
需要在 kube-controller-manager 的启动参数中添加 --use-service-account-credentials=true
参数,这样 main controller 会为各 controller 创建对应的 ServiceAccount XXX-controller。
内置的 ClusterRoleBinding system:controller:XXX 将赋予各 XXX-controller ServiceAccount 对应的 ClusterRole system:controller:XXX 权限。
启动 kube-controller-manager 服务
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh
for node_ip in 192.168.161.150 192.168.161.151 192.168.161.152
do
echo ">>> ${node_ip}"
ssh [email protected]${node_ip} "mkdir -p ${K8S_DIR}/kube-controller-manager"
ssh [email protected]${node_ip} "systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable kube-controller-manager && systemctl restart kube-controller-manager"
done
- 必须先创建日志目录;
检查服务运行状态
source /opt/k8s/bin/environment.sh for node_ip in 192.168.161.150 192.168.161.151 192.168.161.152 do echo ">>> ${node_ip}" ssh k8[email protected]${node_ip} "systemctl status kube-controller-manager|grep Active" done
确保状态为 active (running)
,否则查看日志,确认原因:
$ journalctl -u kube-controller-manager
查看输出的 metric
注意:以下命令在 kube-controller-manager 节点上执行。
kube-controller-manager 监听 10252 端口,接收 https 请求:
[[email protected] work]# sudo netstat -lnpt|grep kube-controll tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10252 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 19176/kube-controll
测试 kube-controller-manager 集群的高可用
停掉一个或两个节点的 kube-controller-manager 服务,观察其它节点的日志,看是否获取了 leader 权限。
查看当前的 leader
kubectl get endpoints kube-controller-manager --namespace=kube-system -o yaml
[[email protected] work]# kubectl get endpoints kube-controller-manager --namespace=kube-system -o yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Endpoints metadata: annotations: control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: ‘{"holderIdentity":"k8s-master3_60147cc2-758e-11e9-8fcb-000c2956b313","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2019-05-13T14:49:56Z","renewTime":"2019-05-13T14:53:10Z","leaderTransitions":0}‘ creationTimestamp: 2019-05-13T14:49:56Z name: kube-controller-manager namespace: kube-system resourceVersion: "5106" selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/endpoints/kube-controller-manager uid: 6015837d-758e-11e9-89c6-000c2956b313 [[email protected]-master1 work]# kubectl get endpoints kube-controller-manager --namespace=kube-system -o yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Endpoints metadata: annotations: control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: ‘{"holderIdentity":"k8s-master1_60ab86f0-758e-11e9-931c-000c29aa0a68","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2019-05-13T14:53:37Z","renewTime":"2019-05-13T14:53:39Z","leaderTransitions":1}‘ creationTimestamp: 2019-05-13T14:49:56Z name: kube-controller-manager namespace: kube-system resourceVersion: "5116" selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/endpoints/kube-controller-manager uid: 6015837d-758e-11e9-89c6-000c2956b313
可见,当前的 leader 从master3切到了master1 节点。
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