arcgis 数据和服务中的z值，以及地下三维展示（附代码）

Posted 2021-11-27 tangguobo

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最近在进行地图符号的三维配置，在尝试三维符号时，发现无论如何都无法出现地下的效果，很郁闷，终于在好闺蜜的帮助下了解到了关于数据和服务的z值

一、什么是z值

z 值通常表示可用于以三维形式显示要素的高程或高度。要素的各折点可将 z 值与 x,y 位置信息一同存储。虽然 ArcMap 及其编辑环境是二维的，但仍可以输入、编辑和维护 z 值。

在 ArcMap 中执行编辑操作时，z 值的分配由编辑工具或命令所执行的常规功能决定：是创建新要素还是编辑现有要素。所创建的、用于生成新要素的大多数操作都会为所有折点分配相同的默认 z 值。修改现有要素时，将内插新的 z 值，并将更新后的值分配给已编辑的折点。但是，某些编辑操作只会维护现有 z 值。

二、新建带有z值的要素类或shp并赋予z值

1、新建带有z值的要素类或shp

在catalog中新建shp或要素类，命名选择类型并勾选“坐标将包含z值”。

技术图片

2、新建z值字段

在属性表中添加字段，并赋值（示例中由于点位于地下，所以z赋值负值，若在地上则赋值正值）

技术图片

3、设置z值等于赋予的z字段值

打开工具箱<<数据管理工具<<要素<<调整3D的z值

技术图片

这样，就可以得到包含z值的数据了，三维效果也就可以展示啦

三、展示地下三维

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=1,user-scalable=no" />
    <title>三维test</title>
    <style>
        html,
        body,
        #viewDiv {
            padding: 0;
            margin: 0;
            height: 100%;
            width: 100%;
        }

        #homeDiv {
            left: 15px;
            top: 130px;
            z-index: 35;
            position: absolute;
        }
    </style>

    <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://ip/arcgis_api/4.11/esri/themes/light/main.css" />
    <script src="http://ip/arcgis_api/4.11/init.js"></script>

    <script>
        require([
            "esri/Map",
            "esri/Basemap",
            "esri/layers/ElevationLayer",
            "esri/layers/BaseElevationLayer",
            "esri/views/SceneView",
            "esri/layers/FeatureLayer",
            "esri/layers/MapImageLayer",
            "esri/widgets/Home"
        ], function (Map, Basemap, ElevationLayer, BaseElevationLayer, SceneView, FeatureLayer, MapImageLayer, Home) {
            var xzqh = "http://ip:6080/arcgis/rest/services/test/xzqh_test/MapServer";
            var precipiation = "http://ip:6080/arcgis/rest/services/test/precipiation_test/MapServer";
            var elevation = "http://ip:6080/arcgis/rest/services/Elevation/NMG_DEM_30m/ImageServer";
            var ore = "http://ip:6080/arcgis/rest/services/test/mine/MapServer/0";
            var oreIM = "http://ip:6080/arcgis/rest/services/test/mine/MapServer";
            var Extent = {
                xmax: 1.40336476624E7,
                xmin: 1.08169663638E7,
                ymax: 7044962.961599998,
                ymin: 4495920.4575999975,
                spatialReference: {
                    wkid: 3857
                }
            };
            var baseLayer = new MapImageLayer({
                title: "行政区划",
                url: xzqh
            });
            var basemap = new Basemap({
                baseLayers: [baseLayer],
                title: "行政区划",
            });

            var elevLyr = new ElevationLayer({
                url: elevation,
                spatialReference: {
                    wkid: 4326
                }
            });

            var depthRenderer = {
                type: "simple",
                symbol: {
                    type: "point-3d",
                    symbolLayers: [
                        {
                            type: "object",
                            resource: {
                                primitive: "sphere"
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                },
                visualVariables: [
                    {
                        type: "color",
                        field: "type_num",
                        //地下符号颜色
                        stops: [
                            {
                                value: "1",
                                color: "yellow"
                            },
                            {
                                value: "2",
                                color: "white"
                            },
                            {
                                value: "3",
                                color: "red"
                            },
                            {
                                value: "4",
                                color: "blue"
                            },
                            {
                                value: "5",
                                color: "green"
                            },
                            {
                                value: "6",
                                color: "black"
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        type: "size",
                        field: "OreReserve",
                        axis: "all",
                        stops: [
                            {
                                value: 1000,
                                size: 2000
                            },
                            {
                                value: 2000,
                                size: 40000
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                ]
            };


            var surfaceSym = {
                type: "point-3d",
                symbolLayers: [
                    {
                        type: "icon",
                        resource: {
                            primitive: "circle"
                        }
                    }
                ]
            };

            var SurfaceRenderer = {
                type: "simple", 
                symbol: surfaceSym,
                visualVariables: [
                    {
                        type: "size",
                        field: "OreReserve",
                        axis: "all",
                        stops: [
                            {
                                value: 1000,
                                size: 15
                            },
                            {
                                value: 2000,
                                size: 40
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        type: "color",
                        field: "type_num",
                        //地下符号颜色
                        stops: [
                            {
                                value: "1",
                                color: "yellow"
                            },
                            {
                                value: "2",
                                color: "white"
                            },
                            {
                                value: "3",
                                color: "red"
                            },
                            {
                                value: "4",
                                color: "blue"
                            },
                            {
                                value: "5",
                                color: "green"
                            },
                            {
                                value: "6",
                                color: "black"
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                ]
            };

            var KCTemplate = {
                title: "{ORETYPE}矿",
                content: "{*}"
            }

            var DepthLayer = new FeatureLayer({
                url: ore,
                outFields: ["*"],
                renderer: depthRenderer,
                popupTemplate: KCTemplate,
                elevationInfo: {
                    mode: "relative-to-ground"
                }
            });

            var SurfaceLayer = new FeatureLayer({
                url: ore,
                outFields: ["*"],
                renderer: SurfaceRenderer,
                popupTemplate: KCTemplate,
                opacity: 0.6,
                elevationInfo: {
                    mode: "on-the-ground"
                }
            });

            var map = new Map({
                basemap: basemap,
                layers: [
                    DepthLayer,
                    SurfaceLayer
                ],
                ground: {
                    navigationConstraint: {
                        type: "none"
                    }
                }
            });

            var view = new SceneView({
                container: "viewDiv",
                map: map,
                viewingMode: "local",
                clippingArea: Extent,
                extent: Extent
            });

            var homeBtn = new Home(
                {
                    view: view
                },
                "homeDiv"
            );
        });
    </script>
</head>

<body>
    <div id="viewDiv"></div>
    <div id="homeDiv"></div>
</body>

</html>

效果如下：

技术图片

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