scrapycrawl 爬取笔趣阁小说

Posted 2021-11-27 zengxm

前言

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第一次发到博客上..不太会排版见谅

最近在看一些爬虫教学的视频,有感而发,大学的时候看盗版小说网站觉得很能赚钱,心想自己也要搞个,正好想爬点小说能不能试试做个网站(网站搭建啥的都不会...)

站点拥有的全部小说不全,只能使用crawl爬全站

不过写完之后发现用scrapy爬的也没requests多线程爬的快多少,保存也不好一本保存,由于scrapy是异步爬取,不好保存本地为txt文件,只好存mongodb            捂脸

 

下面是主代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor
from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule
from biquge5200.items import Biquge5200Item



class BqgSpider(CrawlSpider):
    name = ‘bqg‘
    allowed_domains = [‘bqg5200.com‘]
    start_urls = [‘https://www.bqg5200.com/‘]

    rules = (
        Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r‘https://www.bqg5200.com/book/\\d+/‘),
            follow=True),
        Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r‘https://www.bqg5200.com/xiaoshuo/\\d+/\\d+/‘),
             follow=False),
        Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r‘https://www.bqg5200.com/xiaoshuo/\\d+/\\d+/\\d+/‘),
             callback=‘parse_item‘, follow=False),
    )

    def parse_item(self, response):

        name = response.xpath(‘//div[@id="smallcons"][1]/h1/text()‘).get()
        zuozhe = response.xpath(‘//div[@id="smallcons"][1]/span[1]/text()‘).get()
        fenlei = response.xpath(‘//div[@id="smallcons"][1]/span[2]/a/text()‘).get()

        content_list = response.xpath(‘//div[@id="readerlist"]/ul/li‘)
        for li in content_list:
            book_list_url = li.xpath(‘./a/@href‘).get()
            book_list_url = response.urljoin(book_list_url)

            yield scrapy.Request(book_list_url,
                                 callback=self.book_content,
                                 meta={‘info‘:(name,zuozhe,fenlei)})
            


    def book_content(self,response):
        name, zuozhe, fenlei,= response.meta.get(‘info‘)
        item = Biquge5200Item(name=name,zuozhe=zuozhe,fenlei=fenlei)

        item[‘title‘] = response.xpath(‘//div[@class="title"]/h1/text()‘).get()
        
        content = response.xpath(‘//div[@id="content"]//text()‘).getall()
        # 试试可不可以把 列表前两个值不要 取[2:]
        content = list(map(lambda x:x.replace(‘\\r\\n‘,‘‘),content))
        content = list(map(lambda x: x.replace(‘ads_yuedu_txt();‘, ‘‘), content))
        item[‘content‘] = list(map(lambda x: x.replace(‘\\xa0‘, ‘‘), content))

        item[‘url‘] = response.url

        yield item

items.py

import scrapy


class Biquge5200Item(scrapy.Item):

    name = scrapy.Field()
    zuozhe = scrapy.Field()
    fenlei = scrapy.Field()
    title = scrapy.Field()
    content = scrapy.Field()
    url = scrapy.Field()

middlewares.py

import user_agent

class Biquge5200DownloaderMiddleware(object):

    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        request.headers[‘user-agent‘] = user_agent.generate_user_agent()

这是当初看视频学到随机useragent库,但是忘记到底是怎么导入的了.... 

由于网站没有反爬,我只习惯性谢了个user-agent, 有需要你们到时候自己写一个ua和ip的把..

 

Pipeline.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don‘t forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html

import pymongo

class Biquge5200Pipeline(object):

    def open_spider(self,spider):

        self.client = pymongo.MongoClient()
        self.db = self.client.bqg


    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        name = item[‘name‘]
        zuozhe = item[‘zuozhe‘]
        fenlei = item[‘fenlei‘]

        coll = ‘ ‘.join([name,zuozhe,fenlei])

        self.db[coll].insert({"_id":item[‘url‘],
                              "title":item[‘title‘],
                              "content":item[‘content‘]})

        return item


    def close_spider(self, spider):
        self.client.close()

将获取到的item中书名,作者,分类作为数据库的集合名,将_id替换为item[‘url‘],之后可以用find().sort("_id":1)排序,默认存储在本地的mongodb中,

windows端开启mongodb,开启方式--->>net start mongodb       

linux端不太清楚,请百度

 

settings.py

BOT_NAME = ‘biquge5200‘

SPIDER_MODULES = [‘biquge5200.spiders‘]
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = ‘biquge5200.spiders‘

DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
  ‘Accept‘: ‘text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8‘,
  ‘Accept-Language‘: ‘en‘,
}


DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
   ‘biquge5200.middlewares.Biquge5200DownloaderMiddleware‘: 543,
}

ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   ‘biquge5200.pipelines.Biquge5200Pipeline‘: 300,
}

完成...

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如果嫌弃爬的慢,使用scrapy_redis分布式,在本机布置几个分布式,适用于只有一台电脑,我默认你安装了scrapy_redis

现在settings.py中 添加几个参数

#使用Scrapy-Redis的调度器
SCHEDULER = "scrapy_redis.scheduler.Scheduler"
#利用Redis的集合实现去重
DUPEFILTER_CLASS = "scrapy_redis.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter"
#允许继续爬取
SCHEDULER_PERSIST = True
#设置优先级
SCHEDULER_QUEUE_CLASS = ‘scrapy_redis.queue.SpiderPriorityQueue‘


REDIS_HOST = ‘localhost‘　　　　　　# ---------> 本机ip
REDIS_PORT = 6379

在主程序中将以下代码

class BqgSpider(CrawlSpider):
    name = ‘bqg‘
    allowed_domains = [‘bqg5200.com‘]
    start_urls = [‘https://www.bqg5200.com/‘]

改为

from scrapy_redis.spiders import RedisCrawlSpider　　　　# -----> 导入


class BqgSpider(RedisCrawlSpider):　　　　　　　　　　　　# ------> 改变爬虫父类
    name = ‘bqg‘
    allowed_domains = [‘bqg5200.com‘]
    # start_urls = [‘https://www.bqg5200.com/‘]

    redis_key = ‘bqg:start_urls‘　　　　　　　　　　# ------> 记住这个redis终端有用,格式 一般写爬虫名:start_urls

 

开启mongodb

开启redis服务 ---->>> 进入redis安装目录  redis-server.exe  redis.windows.conf

多开几个cmd窗口进入爬虫文件主程序文件中执行       scrapy runspider 爬虫名         ,爬虫进入监听状态

 

开启reids终端 --->>> redis-cli.exe 

输入启动启动名称和url,是你需要开始爬取的页面

 

调试完成可以等待爬虫爬取了

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多台主机爬取,需要看将那一台主机作为主机端,将settings.py中REDIS_HOST改为主机端的ip

保存的数据存储在哪也要考虑,如果直接保存在每台爬虫端,不需要要改动,如果想要汇总到一台机器上,

在Pipeline.py中修改

mongoclient(host="汇总数据的ip",post="monodb默认端口")

将修改好的文件复制每台爬虫端开启,汇总数据的电脑开启mongodb ,主机端开启redis服务,进入终端 输入 lpush 爬虫名:start_urls  url