ansible之变量使用与playbook的设置(重点)
Posted gukai
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ansible之playbook
1.playbook的语法格式如下: - hosts: webservers 是定义的主机组 也就是playbook中的 play 角色的意思 注意":" 冒号后面也必须价格空格不然就报错
tasks: 注意 他前面是有2个空格的, ansible 是用空格来区分规格的, 记住不能使用tab按键
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir project1 [[email protected] ~]# cd project1/ [[email protected] project1]# cat p1.yml --- #play - hosts: webservers tasks: - name: Installed Httpd Server yum: name: httpd state: present - name: Start Httpd Server systemd: name: httpd state: started enabled: yes
2.检查语法，只检查是否是yaml语法格式。并不做逻辑校验。 (记住这个要经常使用,他是判断语法是否正确!!!)
[[email protected] project1]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check p1.yml
3.模拟执行（不是真的执行）
[[email protected] project1]# ansible-playbook -C p1.yml
4.真实的描述状态（被控端的状态必须与控制端描述的状态一致）
[[email protected] project1]# ansible-playbook p1.yml
[[email protected] project1]# cat p1.yml --- #play - hosts: webservers tasks: - name: Installed Httpd Server yum: name=httpd state=present - name: Start Httpd Server systemd: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes - name: Start Firewalld Server systemd: name=firewalld state=started enabled=yes - name: Configure Firewalld Server firewalld: service=http immediate=yes permanent=yes state=enabled - hosts: web01 tasks: - name: Configure web01 Website copy: content=‘This is Web01‘ dest=/var/www/html/index.html - hosts: web02 tasks: - name: Cofnigure webi-2 weisite copy: content=‘This is Web02‘ dest=/var/www/html/index.html
1.安装 2.配置 用户 /data 3.启动 #记得重启你的nfs [[email protected] project1]# cat nfs.yml - hosts: web01 tasks: - name: Install NFS-utils Server yum: name=nfs-utils state=present - name: Configure Nfs-utils Server copy: src=./exports.j2 dest=/etc/exports owner=root group=root mode=0644 - name: Create NFS Group group: name=www gid=666 - name: Create NFS User user: name=www uid=666 group=www create_home=no shell=/sbin/nologin - name: Create Data Directory file: path=/data state=directory owner=www group=www mode=0755 recurse=yes - name: Start NFS Server systemd: name=nfs state=started enabled=yes - hosts: web02 tasks: - name: Mount NFS Server mount: path=/opt src=172.16.1.7:/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=mounted
1.使用yum安装 httpd、php、php-mysql、mariadb、firewalld等 2.启动httpd、firewalld、mariadb等服务 3.添加防火墙规则，放行http的流量，并永久生效 4.使用get_url下载 http://fj.xuliangwei.com/public/index.php 文件 [[email protected] project1]# cat lamp.yml #- hosts: webservers - hosts: otherservers tasks: - name: Installed Web Packages yum: name=httpd,mariadb-server,php,php-mysql,php-pdo state=present - name: Start Web Serivce service: name=httpd state=started - name: Start Mariadb Service service: name=mariadb state=started - name: Get Wordpress unarchive: src=./wordpress-5.0.3-zh_CN.tar.gz dest=/var/www/html/ copy=yes mode=0755 # - name: Copy Index.php # copy: src=./index.php.j2 dest=/var/www/html/index.php # - name: Get Url index.php # get_url: url="http://fj.xuliangwei.com/public/index.php" des
ansible之编写playbook的变量形式
变量
1、playbook变量可以通过多种方式进行定义，最简单的方式就是在playbook的开头通过vars进行定义
#安装两个软件包使用变量方式 [[email protected] project1]# cat p2.yml - hosts: webservers vars: - web_package: httpd - ftp_package: vsftpd tasks: - name: Installed Packages yum: name: - "{{ web_package }}" - "{{ ftp_package }}" state: present
2.也可以在playbook中使用vars_files指定文件作为变量文件，好处就是其他的playbook也可以调
[[email protected] project1]# cat vars.yml web_package: httpd ftp_package: vsftpd [[email protected] project1]# cat p2.yml - hosts: webservers vars_files: ./vars.yml tasks: - name: Installed Packages yum: name: - "{{ web_package }}" - "{{ ftp_package }}" state: present
4.更好的方式是在ansible的项目目录中创建额外的两个变量目录，分别是host_vars和group_vars
group_vars目录下必须存放和inventory清单文件中定义的组名一致，如下 [[email protected] project1]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts [webservers] web01 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.7 web02 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.8 [[email protected] project1]# cat group_vars/webservers web_package: httpd ftp_package: vsftpd 注意：系统提供了特殊的组，all，也就说在group_vars目录下创建一个all文件，定义变量对所有的主机都生效 [[email protected] project1]# cat host_vars/web01 web_package: zlib-static ftp_package: zmap [[email protected] project1]# cat group_vars/webservers web_package: httpd ftp_package: vsftpd [[email protected] project1]# cat p4.yml - hosts: webservers #- hosts: otherservers tasks: - name: Installed Packages yum: name: - "{{ web_package }}" - "{{ ftp_package }}" state: present [[email protected] project1]# ansible-playbook p4.yml PLAY [webservers] ******************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************************************** ok: [web02] ok: [web01] TASK [Installed Packages] ************************************************************************************************ ok: [web02] changed: [web01] PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************************************** web01 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 web02 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
6.变量优先级测试
命令行变量--->play中的vars_files--->play中的vars变量-->host_vars中定义的变量--->group_vars/组--->group_vars/all
6.变量注册register
- hosts: webservers tasks: - name: Get Network Port Status shell: netstat -lntp register: net_port - name: OutPut Network Port Status debug: msg: "{{ net_port.stdout_lines }}"
7.变量也支持层级定义，使用"."可能会有问题，建议使用"[]"代替。
[[email protected] project1]# cat vars1.yml rainbow: web: web_package: httpd db_package: mariadb code: web: filename: code_web_filename [[email protected] project1]# cat p8.yml - hosts: webservers vars_files: ./vars1.yml tasks: - name: Install Package yum: name= "{{ rainbow[‘web‘][‘web_package‘] }}" - name: create filename file: path: /tmp/{{ code.web.filename }} state: touch
facts (setup模块) 重点!!!! 他可以获取被控端的主机的变量信息, 还可以通过变量的运算得到相应的值
当使用facts 就需要使用template 这个模块
[[email protected] project1]# cat p10.yml - hosts: webservers #gather_facts: no 关闭facts采集 vars: - zabbix_server: 172.16.1.71 tasks: - name: Copy Zabbix Agent Configure template: src=./zabbix_agentd.conf dest=/tmp/zabbix_agent.conf
playbook安装一个memcached : 这里就用到了变量的运算,获取对应的值的信息
[[email protected] project1]# cat memcached.j2 PORT="11211" USER="memcached" MAXCONN="1024" CACHESIZE="{{ ansible_memtotal_mb //2 }}" OPTIONS="" [[email protected] project1]# cat p11.yml - hosts: webservers tasks: - name: Installed Memcached yum: name=memcached state=present - name: Configure Memcached template: src=./memcached.j2 dest=/etc/sysconfig/memcached - name: Start Memcached service: name=memcached state=started enabled=yes
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