OSPF实验记录

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技术图片
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R1配置

一、配置接口IP

[r1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.0.0.1 255.255.255.252
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[r1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 16.0.0.1 255.255.255.252
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[r1]interface LoopBack0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
[r1-LoopBack0]quit 

<r1>display ip interface brief  //查看接口IP信息
*down: administratively down
!down: FIB overload down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
(d): Dampening Suppressed
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 8
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 4
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 8

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
Ethernet0/0/0                     unassigned           down       down      
Ethernet0/0/1                     unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              12.0.0.1/30          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              16.0.0.1/30          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/3              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         1.1.1.1/32           up         up(s)     

二、配置OSPF协议,将区域网段发布出去

[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
//将area 1区域中的接口网段发布出去,后面为反掩码
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
//将环回口也发布出去,另一个接口是和R6相连接的,不需要进行发布,而且运行的是RIP协议
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]

三、指定router id

  • 第一种方法
[r1]router id 1.1.1.1   //指定router id,全局,所有协议都会使用这个router id
  • 第二种方法
[r1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1    //只针对ospf指定router id

四、重启OSPF进程,使router id生效

<r1>reset ospf 1 process 

<r1>dis ospf brief  //查看OSPF的一些信息

五、配置与R6间的RIP协议

[r1]rip
[r1-rip-1]version 2
[r1-rip-1]undo summary 
[r1-rip-1]network 16.0.0.0

六、查看RIP协议

[r1-rip-1]dis ip routing-table protocol rip 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : RIP
         Destinations : 1        Routes : 1        

RIP routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 1        Routes : 1

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        6.6.6.6/32  RIP     100  1          D   16.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
RIP routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0

[r1-rip-1]

七、在R1进行一个路由引入的动作

  • 1)把RIP路由引入到OSPF域
[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]import-route rip 1   //把RIP引入到了OSPF,默认用的类型是type 2,即cost不累加
//在R3上通过<r3>dis ip routing-table 可以看到一条路由
 6.6.6.6/32  O_ASE   150  1(这个1就是cost)  D    23.0.0.1      GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
cost值是1,并没有累加,如果累加了应该是2
//再在R3上通过<r3>dis ospf routing 可以看到
Routing for ASEs
 Destination        Cost      Type       Tag         NextHop         AdvRouter
 6.6.6.6/32         1         Type2      1           23.0.0.1        1.1.1.1
 16.0.0.0/30        1         Type2      1           23.0.0.1        1.1.1.1
这里的Type是2,说明刚才的import-route rip 1命令默认是使用的类型2,即cost值不会累加

重新在R1配置该命令如下
[r1-ospf-1]import-route rip 1 type 1 cost 5 
//手动设置为类型1,且设置cost值为5,那么经过R2到达R3 cost值应该变为了7

再在R3上通过<r3>dis ospf routing 来查看
Routing for ASEs
 Destination        Cost      Type       Tag         NextHop         AdvRouter
 6.6.6.6/32         7         Type1      1           23.0.0.1        1.1.1.1
 16.0.0.0/30        7         Type1      1           23.0.0.1        1.1.1.1
//验证确实cost变为了7
  • 2)同时也把OSPF的域引入到RIP
[r1]rip 
[r1-rip-1]import-route ospf 1 
[r1-rip-1]dis th
#
rip 1
 undo summary
 version 2
 network 16.0.0.0
 import-route ospf 1
#
导入路由完成后在R1查看路由表
[r1-rip-1]dis ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 15       Routes : 15       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        1.1.1.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
        2.2.2.2/32  OSPF    10   1         D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
        3.3.3.3/32  OSPF    10   2         D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
        4.4.4.4/32  OSPF    10   3         D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
        5.5.5.5/32  OSPF    10   4         D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
        6.6.6.6/32  RIP     100  1          D   16.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
       12.0.0.0/30  Direct  0    0           D   12.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
       12.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
       16.0.0.0/30  Direct  0    0           D   16.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
       16.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
       23.0.0.0/30  OSPF    10   2         D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
       34.0.0.0/30  OSPF    10   3         D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
       45.0.0.0/30  OSPF    10   4         D   12.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
在R6查看路由表
<r6>dis ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 14       Routes : 14       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        1.1.1.1/32  RIP     100  1          D   16.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
        2.2.2.2/32  RIP     100  1          D   16.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
        3.3.3.3/32  RIP     100  1          D   16.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
        4.4.4.4/32  RIP     100  1          D   16.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
        5.5.5.5/32  RIP     100  1          D   16.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
        6.6.6.6/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
       12.0.0.0/30  RIP     100  1          D   16.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
       16.0.0.0/30  Direct  0    0           D   16.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
       16.0.0.2/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
       23.0.0.0/30  RIP     100  1          D   16.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
       34.0.0.0/30  RIP     100  1          D   16.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
       45.0.0.0/30  RIP     100  1          D   16.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
<r6>ping 5.5.5.5    //测试从R6ping R5的环回口IP地址
  PING 5.5.5.5: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=251 time=160 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=251 time=170 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=251 time=110 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=251 time=120 ms
    Reply from 5.5.5.5: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=251 time=170 ms

  --- 5.5.5.5 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 110/146/170 ms
<r5>ping 6.6.6.6    //再从R5ping R6的环回口IP地址
  PING 6.6.6.6: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=251 time=160 ms
    Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=251 time=160 ms
    Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=251 time=120 ms
    Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=251 time=110 ms
    Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=251 time=160 ms

  --- 6.6.6.6 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 110/142/160 ms

※备注

  • 1、RID的选举,即router id的选举
    一般默认从环回口选择一个最大的,如果环回口没有地址,就会从物理口选个最大的;
    建议手动指定router id,这样心里有数,便于排错;

  • 2、DR的选举
    在一个以太网里面router id大的是DR,第二大的是BDR;
    在现网中也不会去关心,让他自己去选举就可以了;

R2配置

一、接口IP

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 ip address 12.0.0.2 255.255.255.252
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 ip address 23.0.0.1 255.255.255.252
#
interface LoopBack0
 ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
#

二、OSPF配置,指定router id,发布网段

[r2]ospf 10 router-id 2.2.2.2   
//进程号多少无所谓,只有本地意义,这里使用的是10,同时指定router id
[r2-ospf-10]area 1 
[r2-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.1]network 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
[r2-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.1]network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
[r2-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.1]network 23.0.0.0 0.0.0.3

R3配置

一、接口IP

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 ip address 23.0.0.2 255.255.255.252
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 ip address 34.0.0.1 255.255.255.252
#
interface LoopBack0
 ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
#

二、OSPF配置,指定router id,发布网段

[r3]ospf 10 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-10]area 1
[r3-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.1]network 23.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
[r3-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.1]q
[r3-ospf-10]area 0
[r3-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
[r3-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0    //环回口也可以放到区域1中

R4配置

一、接口IP

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 ip address 34.0.0.2 255.255.255.252
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
 ip address 45.0.0.1 255.255.255.252
#
interface LoopBack0
 ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
#

二、OSPF配置,指定router id,发布网段

[r4]ospf 10 router-id 4.4.4.4
[r4-ospf-10]area 0
[r4-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0
[r4-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
[r4-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r4-ospf-10]area 2
[r4-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.2]network 45.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
[r4-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.2]

三、查看OSPF的邻接关系

[r4-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.2]return //直接回到用户视图
<r4>display ospf peer brief 

     OSPF Process 10 with Router ID 4.4.4.4
          Peer Statistic Information
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Area Id          Interface                        Neighbor id      State    
 0.0.0.0          GigabitEthernet0/0/0             3.3.3.3          Full        
 0.0.0.2          GigabitEthernet0/0/1             5.5.5.5          Full        
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //可以看到R4的邻接关系有3和5

四、查看OSPF接口的信息

 <r4>dis ospf interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

     OSPF Process 10 with Router ID 4.4.4.4
         Interfaces 

 Interface: 34.0.0.2 (GigabitEthernet0/0/0)
 Cost: 1       State: BDR       Type: Broadcast    MTU: 1500  
 Priority: 1
 Designated Router: 34.0.0.1
 Backup Designated Router: 34.0.0.2
 Timers: Hello 10 , Dead 40 , Poll  120 , Retransmit 5 , Transmit Delay 1 

关于上面的Cost:1的理解

OSPF协议是使用的带宽来作为度量值的,100M除以接口得到的带宽,
这里试验中应该是100M/1G得到的应该是一个小数,但是度量值不可能是一个小数,最小就是1;
这样导致接口是10G、1G、100M,得出的度量值都是1,不能真正区分出链路的优劣!
解决办法:
1、更改参考带宽的值,即将100M改为10G,或者100G,然后用更改后的值来除以接口,
但是需要在自治系统里的所有设备上进行更改,工作量巨大;
2、现网中一般采取直接给接口配置cost值;
如:

interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
ospf cost 10
//流量从cost小的走

R5配置

一、接口IP

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 ip address 45.0.0.2 255.255.255.252
#
interface LoopBack0
 ip address 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.255
#

二、OSPF配置,指定router id,发布网段

[r5]ospf 10 router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospf-10]area 2
[r5-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.2]network 45.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
[r5-ospf-10-area-0.0.0.2]network 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0

三、查看OSPF的邻接关系

[r5]display ospf peer brief     //查看OSPF的邻接关系

     OSPF Process 10 with Router ID 5.5.5.5
          Peer Statistic Information
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Area Id          Interface                        Neighbor id      State    
 0.0.0.2          GigabitEthernet0/0/0             4.4.4.4          Full        
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //可以看到R5的邻接关系只有一个4

四、查看路由表,都学习到了

 <r4>dis ip routing-table 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 13       Routes : 13       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        1.1.1.1/32  OSPF    10   3         D   34.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
        2.2.2.2/32  OSPF    10   2         D   34.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
        3.3.3.3/32  OSPF    10   1         D   34.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
        4.4.4.4/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
        5.5.5.5/32  OSPF    10   1         D   45.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
       12.0.0.0/30  OSPF    10   3         D   34.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
       23.0.0.0/30  OSPF    10   2         D   34.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
       34.0.0.0/30  Direct  0    0           D   34.0.0.2        GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
       34.0.0.2/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
       45.0.0.0/30  Direct  0    0           D   45.0.0.1        GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
       45.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

R6配置

一、启用RIP

[r6]rip 
[r6-rip-1]version 2     //启用版本2
[r6-rip-1]undo summary  //关闭自动汇总
[r6-rip-1]network 6.0.0.0   //宣告自己的网段,只能宣告有类网段
[r6-rip-1]network 16.0.0.0

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