java 浅克隆 深克隆

Posted 2021-11-09 helloworld2019

对象的克隆是java的一项高级技术，他可以根据给定的对象，获得与其完全相同的另一个对象。

一、常见的错误：

Employee 类

package text1;

public class Employee {
private String name;
public String getName() {
    return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
    return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
    this.age = age;
}
private int age;
public String toString(){
    return "姓名"+name+"年龄: "+age;
}
}

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 Test 

package text1;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("克隆前");
Employee employee1=new Employee();
employee1.setName("张三丰");
employee1.setAge(17);
System.out.println(employee1);
System.out.println("克隆后");
Employee employee2=employee1;
employee2.setName("王二小");
employee2.setAge(19);
System.out.println("输出员工一的信息");
System.out.println(employee1);
System.out.println("输出第二个员工的信息");
System.out.println(employee2);
    }

}

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java中，对于基本类型可以使用 "="来克隆，此时两个变量除了相等时没有任何关系的。

而在引用类型却不能简单地使用“=”进行克隆，这与java内存空间的使用有关。java将内存分为两块，堆和栈。

在栈中保存基本类型和引用变量，堆中保存对象。对于引用变量而言，使用“=”将修改引用，而不是复制堆中的对象，此时两个引用

变量将指向同一个对象，因此，如果一个变量对其进行修改将改变另一个变量。

说白了就是指向同一个对象。。。假克隆

 

二、java对象的浅克隆

如果对象是基本类型，则采用浅克隆就行，如果对象的成员变量包括可引用类型，需要深克隆。

***如果引用类型不变，String类的对象，则不需要深克隆

 Address类;

public class Address {
private String state;
private String province;
private String city;

public void setState(String state) {
    this.state = state;
}
public void setProvince(String province) {
    this.province = province;
}
public void setCity(String city) {
    this.city = city;
}

public Address(String state,String province,String city){
    this.state=state;
    this.province=province;
    this.city=city;
}
//@Override
public String toString(){
    StringBuilder sb=new StringBuilder();
    sb.append("国家 :"+state+",\\n");
    sb.append("省 "+province+",\\n");
    sb.append("市 "+city);
    return sb.toString();
}

}

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 Employee类：

package text6;

public class Employee implements Cloneable{
private String name;
private int age;
private Address address;
public Address getAddress() {
    return address;
}

public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
}

public void setAge(int age) {
    this.age = age;
}
public void setAddress(Address address) {
    this.address = address;
}

public Employee(String name,int age,Address address){
    this.name=name;
    this.age=age;
    this.address=address;
}
public Employee clone(){
    Employee  employee=null;
    try{
        employee=(Employee)super.clone();
    }catch(CloneNotSupportedException e){
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return employee;
}
public String toString(){
    StringBuilder sb=new StringBuilder();
    sb.append("姓名 "+name+",\\n");
    sb.append("年龄 "+age+",\\n");
    sb.append("地址 \\n"+address);
    return sb.toString(); 
}

}

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Test

package text6;

public class Text {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("克隆之前");
        Address address = new Address("中国", "吉林", "长春");
        Employee employee1 = new Employee("张三丰", 30, address);
        System.out.println(employee1);
        System.out.println("克隆后");
        Employee employee2 = employee1.clone();

        employee2.getAddress().setState("中国"); // getaddres没有定义
        employee2.getAddress().setCity("成都");
        employee2.getAddress().setProvince("四川");
        System.out.println(employee1);
        System.out.println(employee2);
    }

}

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浅克隆：创建一个新对象，新对象的属性和原来对象完全相同，对于非基本类型属性，仍指向原有属性所指向的对象的内存地址。

深克隆：创建一个新对象，属性中引用的其他对象也会被克隆，不再指向原有对象地址。

总之深浅克隆都会在堆中新分配一块区域，区别在于对象属性引用的对象是否需要进行克隆（递归性的）。

三、深克隆

 Address类

package text7;

/*引用对象不可变的不必进行深克隆
 * 如果类成员变量包括可以引用的类型
 则在克隆时候就需要进行深克隆
 */
public class Address implements Cloneable {
    private String state;
    private String province;
    private String city;

    public void setState(String state) {
        this.state = state;
    }

    public void setProvince(String province) {
        this.province = province;
    }

    public void setCity(String city) {
        this.city = city;
    }

    public Address(String state, String province, String city) {
        this.state = state;
        this.province = province;
        this.city = city;
    }

    // @Override
    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.append("国家 :" + state + ",");
        sb.append("省 " + province + ",");
        sb.append("市 " + city);
        return sb.toString();
    }

    protected Address clone() {
        Address address = null;
        try {
            address = (Address) super.clone();
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return address;
    }
}

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Employee类：

package text7;


public class Employee implements Cloneable{
private String name;
private int age;
private Address address;
public Address getAddress() {
    return address;
}

public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
}

public void setAge(int age) {
    this.age = age;
}
public void setAddress(Address address) {
    this.address = address;
}

public Employee(String name,int age,Address address){
    this.name=name;
    this.age=age;
    this.address=address;
}
public Employee clone(){
    Employee  employee=null;
    try{
        employee=(Employee)super.clone();
        employee.address=address.clone();
    }catch(CloneNotSupportedException e){
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return employee;
}

public String toString(){
    StringBuilder sb=new StringBuilder();
    sb.append("姓名 "+name+",\\n");
    sb.append("年龄 "+age+",\\n");
    sb.append("地址 \\n"+address);
    return sb.toString(); 
}


}

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Test

package text7;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("克隆前");
        Address address = new Address("中国", "吉林", "长春");
        Employee employee1 = new Employee("张三丰", 30, address);
        System.out.println("员工一信息");
        System.out.println(employee1);
        System.out.println("克隆后");
        Employee employee2 = employee1.clone();
        employee2.getAddress().setState("中国");
        employee2.getAddress().setProvince("四川");
        employee2.getAddress().setCity("成都");
        employee2.setName("李云龙");
        employee2.setAge(24);
        System.out.println("员工一信息");
        System.out.println(employee1);
        System.out.println("员工二信息");
        System.out.println(employee2);

    }
}

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