MySQL的编译安装及多实例配置总结
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编译安装mysql+多实例编译安装MySQL
编译环境 | MySQL版本 |
---|---|
CentOS 7.6 | mariadb-10.2.23 |
一、安装编译所需要的包
yum install bison bison-devel zlib-devel libcurl-devel libarchive-devel boostdevel gcc gcc-c++ cmake ncurses-devel gnutls-devel libxml2-devel openssldevel libevent-devel libaio-devel -y
二、添加MySQL用户及其家目录
1.添加MySQL用户
[[email protected] ~]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -d /data/mysql mysql
2.为MySQL用户添加家目录
[[email protected] ~]# chmod 700 /data/mysql
[[email protected] ~]# chown mysql.mysql /data/mysql
三、编译安装MySQL
1.解压MySQL安装包
[[email protected] ~]# tar -xf mariadb-10.2.23.tar.gz
2.编译安装MySQL
此处需要注意如果编译时中间如果出现缺包的错误,需要将此目录下的CMakeCache.txt删除后重新进行编译。
[[email protected] ~]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/app/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql/ -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc/mysql -DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_MROONGA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_DEBUG=0 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_ZLIB=system -DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/mysql/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
[[email protected] mariadb-10.2.23]# make && make install
3.创建数据库
[[email protected] mariadb-10.2.23]# cd /app/mysql/
[[email protected] mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in ‘/data/mysql‘ ...
OK
4.放置配置文件并修改
[ro[email protected] mysql]# cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf
[[email protected] mysql]# sed -i ‘/\[mysqld\]/adatadir=/data/mysql‘ /etc/mysql/my.cnf
5.配置服务启动脚本
[[email protected] mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
6.启动服务
[[email protected] mysql]# service mysqld start
Starting mysqld (via systemctl): [ OK ]
7.为MySQL添加环境变量
[[email protected] mysql]# echo ‘PATH=/app/mysql/bin:$PATH‘ > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[[email protected] mysql]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
MySQL的多实例环境搭建
在测试环境中通常会需要在一台主机上搭建多个版本的MySQL,此处演示如何搭建多实例的MySQL。
一、为每个实例创建各自的目录并赋予权限(此处以创建2个实例为例)
[[email protected] /]# mkdir -pv /mysql/{3306,3307}/{data,etc,socket,bin,log,pid}
[[email protected] ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /mysql
[[email protected] ~]# tree /mysql #查看下目录结构
/mysql
├── 3306
│?? ├── bin
│?? ├── data
│?? ├── etc
│?? ├── log
│?? ├── pid
│?? └── socket
└── 3307
├── bin
├── data
├── etc
├── log
├── pid
└── socket
二、为每个实例创建数据库文件
[[email protected] /]# /app/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mysql/3306/data
[[email protected] /]# /app/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mysql/3307/data
三、为每个实例创建配置文件
配置文件可以参考/etc/my.cnf进行修改
[[email protected] /]# cp /etc/my.cnf /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf
[[email protected] /]# vim /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf #修改my.cnf,写入配置
[mysqld] #注意需要将#!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d注释
port=3306
datadir=/mysql/3306/data
socket=/mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/mysql/3306/log/mariadb.log
pid-file=/mysql/3306/pid/mariadb.pid
[[email protected] /]# cp /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf /mysql/3307/etc/
[[email protected] /]# sed -i ‘s/3306/3307/‘ /mysql/3307/etc/my.cnf
四、为实例添加服务脚本
1.此为事先准备好的服务脚本
#!/bin/bash
port=3306
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd=""
cmd_path="/usr/bin"
mysql_basedir="/mysql"
mysql_sock="${mysql_basedir}/${port}/socket/mysql.sock"
function_start_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
${cmd_path}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=${mysql_basedir}/${port}/etc/my.cnf &> /dev/null &
else
printf "MySQL is running...\n"
exit
fi
}
function_stop_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
exit
else
printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
${cmd_path}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S ${mysql_sock} shutdown
fi
}
function_restart_mysql()
{
printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
function_stop_mysql
sleep 2
function_start_mysql
}
case $1 in
start)
function_start_mysql
;;
stop)
function_stop_mysql
;;
restart)
function_restart_mysql
;;
*)
printf "Usage: ${mysql_basedir}/${port}/bin/mysqld {start|stop|restart}\n"
esac
2.将服务启动脚本存放至各实例的bin目录下,并加以修改
[[email protected] /]# vim /mysql/3306/bin/mysqld #对端口和cmd_path进行修改
port=3306
cmd_path="/app/mysql/bin"
[[email protected] /]# vim /mysql/3307/bin/mysqld #对端口和cmd_path进行修改
port=3307
cmd_path="/app/mysql/bin"
[[email protected]lhost /]# chmod +x /mysql/3306/bin/mysqld #为服务脚本添加执行权限
[[email protected] /]# chmod +x /mysql/3307/bin/mysqld
3.关闭编译安装的MySQL服务
[[email protected] /]# ss -tnl |grep 3306
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
[[email protected] /]# service mysqld stop
Stopping mysqld (via systemctl): [ OK ]
4.启动实例1,2
[[email protected] /]# /mysql/3306/bin/mysqld start
Starting MySQL...
[[email protected] /]# /mysql/3307/bin/mysqld start
Starting MySQL...
[[email protected] /]# ss -tnl | grep 3306
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
[[email protected] /]# ss -tnl | grep 3307
LISTEN 0 80 :::3307 :::*
5.连接数据库
客户端在连接多实例的MySQL时,需要指定端口号和socket文件路径否则报错。
[[email protected] /]# mysql -uroot -p -P3306 -S /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 8
Server version: 10.2.23-MariaDB Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
6.关闭多实例MySQL服务
多实例的MySQL服务在关闭时需要输入MySQL管理员的密码,也可以将管理员密码存放在配置文件的变量mysql_pwd=""中
[[email protected] /]# /mysql/3306/bin/mysqld stop
Stoping MySQL...
Enter password:
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