Migrating Oracle 11g R2 To Oracle 19c

Posted 2021-11-01

本文的环境都使用相同的操作系统：Oracle Linux 7.5。11g数据文件存放在文件系统上，而19c的数据文件存放在ASM上，中间使用NFS暂存数据文件，然后通过rman的可传输表空间特性进行迁移。

1、源端检查

由于rman不能自动迁移目录、外部表以及BFILEs，所以必须使用下面的命令进行检查，然后手工在目标端创建：

[[email protected] ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL> set serveroutput on;
SQL> declare x boolean;begin x:=dbms_tdb.check_external;end;
  2  /
The following directories exist in the database:
SYS.DMP, SYS.XMLDIR, SYS.ORACLE_OCM_CONFIG_DIR2, SYS.ORACLE_OCM_CONFIG_DIR,
SYS.DATA_PUMP_DIR

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> set linesize 300
SQL> col directory_name for a25
SQL> col directory_path for a70
SQL> select directory_name,directory_path from dba_directories;

2、重启数据库至只读状态

SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3206836224 bytes
Fixed Size                  2257520 bytes
Variable Size             738200976 bytes
Database Buffers         2449473536 bytes
Redo Buffers               16904192 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database open read only;

Database altered.

3、DBMS_TDB.CHECK_DB检查数据库状态

SQL> set serveroutput on;
SQL> declare db_ready boolean;
  2  begin
  3  db_ready :=dbms_tdb.check_db(‘Linux x86 64-bit‘,dbms_tdb.skip_none);
  4  end;
  5  /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

4、列出需要转换和不需要转换的数据文件

SQL> select file_name "Datafiles requiring Conversion" from dba_data_files where tablespace_name in (select distinct tablespace_name from dba_rollback_segs);

Datafiles requiring Conversion
------------------------------------------------------------
/u02/oradata/rhndb/undotbs01.dbf
/u02/oradata/rhndb/system01.dbf

SQL> select file_name "Files NOT requiring Conversion" from dba_data_files where tablespace_name  not in (select distinct tablespace_name from dba_rollback_segs);

Files NOT requiring Conversion
------------------------------------------------------------
/u02/oradata/rhndb/users01.dbf
/u02/oradata/rhndb/sysaux01.dbf
/u02/oradata/rhndb/spw01.dbf

5、复制源数据库的数据文件至目标端

这里的目标端使用了ASM，所以不能直接存放。因此使用了NFS文件系统临时存放源端数据文件。

[[email protected] ~]$ cp /u02/oradata/rhndb/* /u03/orabak

6、创建目标库参数文件并启动至nomont

SQL> create pfile=‘/tmp/initrhndb.ora‘ from spfile;
[[email protected] ~]$ scp /tmp/initrhndb.ora db02:/tmp
--修改参数文件中的audit_file_dest,control_files,db_name,db_recover_file_dest,diagnostic_dest
[[email protected] ~]$ vi /tmp/initrhndb.ora
rhndb.__db_cache_size=2516582400
rhndb.__java_pool_size=16777216
rhndb.__large_pool_size=33554432
rhndb.__oracle_base=‘/u01/app/oracle‘#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
rhndb.__pga_aggregate_target=1073741824
rhndb.__sga_target=3221225472
rhndb.__shared_io_pool_size=0
rhndb.__shared_pool_size=620756992
rhndb.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest=‘/u01/app/oracle/admin/rhndb/adump‘
*.audit_trail=‘db‘
*.compatible=‘11.2.0.4.0‘
*.control_files=‘+DATA/rhndb/controlfile/control01.ctl‘,‘+FRA/rhndb/controlfile/control02.ctl‘
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=‘‘
*.db_name=‘rhndb‘
*.db_recovery_file_dest=‘+FRA‘
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.diagnostic_dest=‘/u01/app/oracle‘
*.dispatchers=‘(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=rhndbXDB)‘
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=1073741824
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile=‘EXCLUSIVE‘
*.sga_target=3221225472
*.undo_tablespace=‘UNDOTBS1‘
*._allow_resetlogs_corruption=true
--启动时nomount状态
[[email protected] ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL> startup nomount pfile=/tmp/initrhndb.ora
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3221222464 bytes
Fixed Size                  8901696 bytes
Variable Size             671088640 bytes
Database Buffers         2533359616 bytes
Redo Buffers                7872512 bytes

7、数据文件转换

不论两个平台的endian format是否相同，都需要进行转换操作。根据第四步的信息，在rman中执行转换操作，如下：

[[email protected] ~]$ rman target /
--转换操作
RMAN> convert from platform ‘Linux x86 64-bit‘ parallelism 2
2> datafile ‘/u03/orabak/system01.dbf‘ format ‘+data‘
3> datafile ‘/u03/orabak/undotbs01.dbf‘ format ‘+data‘;

Starting conversion at target at 28-APR-2019 19:03:38
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=135 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=198 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile conversion
input file name=/u03/orabak/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting datafile conversion
input file name=/u03/orabak/system01.dbf
converted datafile=+DATA/RHNDB/DATAFILE/system.258.1006801423
channel ORA_DISK_2: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time: 00:01:35
converted datafile=+DATA/RHNDB/DATAFILE/undotbs1.257.1006801423
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time: 00:01:55
Finished conversion at target at 28-APR-2019 19:05:36

--通过rman复制数据文件至ASM磁盘组
RMAN> convert parallelism 3 
2> datafile ‘/u03/orabak/users01.dbf‘ format ‘+data‘
3> datafile ‘/u03/orabak/sysaux01.dbf‘ format ‘+data‘
4> datafile ‘/u03/orabak/spw01.dbf‘ format ‘+data‘;

Starting conversion at target at 28-APR-2019 19:07:32
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=2 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile conversion
input file name=/u03/orabak/spw01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting datafile conversion
input file name=/u03/orabak/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting datafile conversion
input file name=/u03/orabak/users01.dbf
converted datafile=+DATA/RHNDB/DATAFILE/users.261.1006801653
channel ORA_DISK_3: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
converted datafile=+DATA/RHNDB/DATAFILE/sysaux.260.1006801653
channel ORA_DISK_2: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
converted datafile=+DATA/RHNDB/DATAFILE/spacewalk.259.1006801653
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time: 00:01:35
Finished conversion at target at 28-APR-2019 19:09:08
RMAN> exit

8、创建目标端的控制文件

在源端使用下面的命令创建目标端的控制文件：

SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace resetlogs;

生成的trace文件路径可以通过alter日志进行查看，然后根据实际情况进行修改。修改完后在目标端执行，如下：

[[email protected] ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun Apr 28 19:14:24 2019
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0

SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "RHNDB" RESETLOGS  NOARCHIVELOG
  2      MAXLOGFILES 16
  3      MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
  4      MAXDATAFILES 100
  5      MAXINSTANCES 8
  6      MAXLOGHISTORY 2920
  7  LOGFILE
  8    GROUP 1 ‘+DATA/rhndb/redo01.log‘  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  9    GROUP 2 ‘+DATA/rhndb/redo02.log‘  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
 10    GROUP 3 ‘+DATA/rhndb/redo03.log‘  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
 11  -- STANDBY LOGFILE
 12  DATAFILE
 13    ‘+DATA/RHNDB/DATAFILE/system.258.1006801423‘,
 14    ‘+DATA/RHNDB/DATAFILE/undotbs1.257.1006801423‘,
 15    ‘+DATA/RHNDB/DATAFILE/users.261.1006801653‘,
 16    ‘+DATA/RHNDB/DATAFILE/sysaux.260.1006801653‘,
 17    ‘+DATA/RHNDB/DATAFILE/spacewalk.259.1006801653‘
 18  CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8;

Control file created.

9、以resetlogs方式打开数据库并创建临时表空间

SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3221222464 bytes
Fixed Size                  8901696 bytes
Variable Size             671088640 bytes
Database Buffers         2533359616 bytes
Redo Buffers                7872512 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

Database altered.
SQL> alter tablespace temp add tempfile ‘+data‘ size 50M autoextend on next 100m maxsize unlimited;

Tablespace altered.

10、重启数据库至upgrade模式

SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup upgrade
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3221222464 bytes
Fixed Size                  8901696 bytes
Variable Size             671088640 bytes
Database Buffers         2533359616 bytes
Redo Buffers                7872512 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

使用dbupgrade进行升级操作：

[[email protected] ~]$ dbupgrade -u sys

此命令执行完后，会重启数据库至migrate模式，然后运行下面的命令即可完成升级。

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlirp.sql
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql