C#操作Excel总结

Posted 2021-10-31 zoro-zero

 1、导入命名空间： 

using Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;

 2、如何打开已有excel文档，或者创建一个新的excel文档 

 Application app = new Application();
 Workbooks wbks = app.Workbooks;
 _Workbook _wbk = wbks.Add(excelTempPath + "quotaExcelTemp.xls");
 Sheets shs = _wbk.Sheets;
 _Worksheet _wsh = (_Worksheet)shs.get_Item(1);

若打开已有excel，把“xxx”替换成该excel的文件路径；

注：若新建一个excel文档，“xxx”替换成true即可；不过这里新建的excel文档默认只有一个sheet。

3、 取得、删除和添加sheet

3.1、取得：

//i是要取得的sheet的index
_Worksheet _wsh = (_Worksheet)shs.get_Item(i)

3.2 删除：

//删除sheet必须的设置
app.DisplayAlerts = false;
_wsh.Delete();

3.3 添加：

//a(before)，b(after)：确定添加位置；c：数目；d：类型
app.Worksheets.Add(a，b，c，d);

3.4 sheet的重命名

//重命名
_wsh.Name = "xxx";

4、删除行和列 

4.1 删除行：

((Range)_wsh.Rows[3, Missing.Value]).Delete(XlDeleteShiftDirection.xlShiftUp);

4.2 删除列：

//删除列
_wsh.get_Range(
_wsh.Cells[1, 2], 
_wsh.Cells[_wsh.Rows.Count, 2]).Delete(XlDeleteShiftDirection.xlShiftToLeft
);

5、添加行和列 

5.1 添加行：

((Range)_wsh.Rows[11, Missing.Value])
.Insert(Missing.Value, XlInsertFormatOrigin.xlFormatFromLeftOrAbove);

5.2 添加列：

//添加列
_wsh.get_Range(
_wsh.Cells[1, 1], _wsh.Cells[_wsh.Rows.Count, 1])
.Insert(Missing.Value, XlInsertShiftDirection.xlShiftToRight);

6、 单元格操作 

6.1 单元格的取得

//获得单元格对象
_wsh.Cells[row, cell]

6.2 设置公式

//在对应的单元格输入公式即可
_wsh.Cells[row, cell] = "=Sum(A1/B1)";

6.3 合并单元格

  //合并单元格
   Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range mergeRange = _wsh.Range[_wsh.Cells[19 + i, 2], _wsh.Cells[19 + i, 4]];
   //合并单元格
   mergeRange.Merge(mergeRange.MergeCells);

6.4 设置行高和列宽

((Range)_wsh.Rows[3, Missing.Value]).RowHeight = 5;
((Range)_wsh.Rows[3, Missing.Value]).ColumnWidth = 5;

6.5 设置单元格颜色 颜色共有56中，详情请参照附录的[颜色对照表]

((Range)_wsh.Rows[1, Missing.Value]).Interior.ColorIndex = 3;

6.6 设置字号

((Range)_wsh.Cells[1, "B"]).Font.Size = 8;

6.7 是否设置粗体

((Range)_wsh.Rows[1, Missing.Value]).Font.Bold = false;

6.8 单元格/区域、水平垂直居中

((Range)_wsh.Cells[2, 1]).HorizontalAlignment = XlVAlign.xlVAlignCenter;
//靠左
((Range)_wsh.Cells[15, 7]).HorizontalAlignment = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlHAlign.xlHAlignLeft;
//靠右
 ((Range)_wsh.Cells[30, 8]).HorizontalAlignment = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlHAlign.xlHAlignRight;

6.9 设置区域边框

((Range)_wsh.Cells[3, 3]).Borders.LineStyle = 3;

6.10 设置边框的上、下、左、右线条

//左
_wsh.get_Range(
_wsh.Cells[2, 1], _wsh.Cells[2, 2])
.Borders[XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeLeft].Weight = XlBorderWeight.xlThick;//
 
//右
_wsh.get_Range(
_wsh.Cells[2, 1], _wsh.Cells[2, 2])
.Borders[XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeRight].Weight = XlBorderWeight.xlThick;//
 
//上
_wsh.get_Range(
_wsh.Cells[2, 1], _wsh.Cells[2, 2])
.Borders[XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeTop].Weight = XlBorderWeight.xlThick;//下
 
//下
_wsh.get_Range(
_wsh.Cells[2, 1], _wsh.Cells[2, 2])
.Borders[XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeBottom].Weight = XlBorderWeight.xlThick;

7、指定区域的复制 

_Worksheet _wsh = (_Worksheet)shs.get_Item(1);//复制选中区域的内容
 
Range range = _wsh.get_Range(_wsh.Cells[7, 1], _wsh.Cells[10, _wsh.Columns.Count]);
 
range.Select();
range.Copy(Type.Missing);
 
//选中粘贴的起始位置
Range test = ((Range)_wsh.Cells[11, 1]);
test.Select();
 
//屏蔽掉Alert，默认确定粘贴
app.DisplayAlerts = false;
test.Parse(Missing.Value, Missing.Value);

注：Type.Missing和Missing.Value，在excel的操作中被视为某些参数的默认值，他们起到的作用很多时候是形式补足参数

8、excel文件的保存，及后续处理 

8.1 文件保存

//屏蔽掉系统跳出的Alert
app.AlertBeforeOverwriting = false;
 
//保存到指定目录
SaveAs(filePath, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlNoChange, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value);

 

注：这个地方只能采用该方法保存，不然在指定路径下保存文件外，在我的文档中也会生成一个对应的副本

8.2 后续处理：退出和释放

//退出
app.Quit();
 
//释放掉多余的excel进程
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(app); 

说明：在application关闭的过程中，通常我们有两种方案：

#直接退出app

#先关闭workbook，然后关闭workbooks，最后在退出app

鉴于这两种方式，或许本质上是一样的(这点需要证明)，但是依据我们软件开发的原则：哪里需要哪里声明，哪里结束哪里释放回收。

既然在直接退出app的时候，我们不清楚workbook和workbooks具体在什么时间关闭，不如在结束的时候直接手动关闭，这样做可以做到资源的快速直接回收；

所以，建议采用先关闭workbook，然后关闭workbooks，最后在退出app。

9、关于单元格设置域和取得域里需要的数据 

9.1 若单元格已经设置为下拉框

//这里的“1，2，3”设置的就是下拉框的值
((Range)_wsh.Cells[2, 1])
.Validation.Modify(XlDVType.xlValidateList, XlDVAlertStyle.xlValidAlertStop, Type.Missing, "1,2,3", Type.Missing);

9.2 若单元格还没有设置为下拉框的形式

 

((Range)_wsh.Cells[2, 1])
.Validation.Add(XlDVType.xlValidateList, XlDVAlertStyle.xlValidAlertStop, Type.Missing,"1,2,3", Type.Missing);

9.3 取得下拉框域的值

string strValue = ((Range)_wsh.Cells[2, 1]).Validation.Formula1;

注：若在excel模板中通过有效性设定了下拉框的值，strValue得到的将会是excel里的公式，需将其转换, 取得strValue后，可以根据其索引得到你需要的数值；

 

10、 隐藏行和隐藏列 

10.1 隐藏行

_wsh.get_Range(_wsh.Cells[19, 1], _wsh.Cells[22, 1]).EntireRow.Hidden = true;

10.2 隐藏列

_wsh.get_Range(_wsh.Cells[1, 1], _wsh.Cells[_wsh.Rows.Count, 1])
.EntireColumn.Hidden = true;

11、案例

  private string SaveExcel(PrintQuotationOrderViewModel model)
        {
            if (model == null) return string.Empty;
            string excelTempPath = Server.MapPath("/Resources/Temp/");
            if (!Directory.Exists(excelTempPath))
            {
                Directory.CreateDirectory(excelTempPath);
            }
            Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application app = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();
            Workbooks wbks = app.Workbooks;
            _Workbook _wbk = wbks.Add(excelTempPath + "quotaExcelTemp.xls");
            Sheets shs = _wbk.Sheets;
            _Worksheet _wsh = (_Worksheet)shs.get_Item(1);
            //设置客户单号
            _wsh.Cells[7, 8] = model.QuotationOrder.CustomerPurchaseNumber;
            ((Range)_wsh.Cells[7, 8]).HorizontalAlignment = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlHAlign.xlHAlignLeft;
            //设置报价单号
            _wsh.Cells[8, 8] = model.QuotationOrder.Number;
            ((Range)_wsh.Cells[8, 8]).HorizontalAlignment = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlHAlign.xlHAlignLeft;


            //设置报价日期
            _wsh.Cells[9, 8] = model.QuotationOrder.QuotedOn.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd");
            ((Range)_wsh.Cells[9, 8]).HorizontalAlignment = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlHAlign.xlHAlignLeft;
            //设置销售人员
            _wsh.Cells[10, 8] = model.QuotationOrder.SalesmanName;
            //设置客户公司
            _wsh.Cells[12, 3] = model.QuotationOrder.Buyer.Company.Name;
            //设置客户部门
            _wsh.Cells[13, 3] = model.QuotationOrder.Buyer.Department;
            //设置联系人
            _wsh.Cells[13, 7] = model.QuotationOrder.Buyer.Name;
            //设置收货公司
            _wsh.Cells[14, 3] = model.QuotationOrder.Receiver.Company;
            //设置收货部门
            _wsh.Cells[14, 7] = model.QuotationOrder.Receiver.Department;
            //设置收货人
            _wsh.Cells[15, 3] = model.QuotationOrder.Receiver.Name;
            //设置联系电话
            _wsh.Cells[15, 7] = model.QuotationOrder.Receiver.Mobile;
            ((Range)_wsh.Cells[15, 7]).HorizontalAlignment = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlHAlign.xlHAlignLeft;
            //设置收货地址
            _wsh.Cells[16, 3] = model.QuotationOrder.Receiver.Address;

            int count = model.QuotationItems.Count;
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
            {
                ((Range)_wsh.Rows[19 + i, System.Reflection.Missing.Value]).Insert(System.Reflection.Missing.Value, XlInsertFormatOrigin.xlFormatFromLeftOrAbove);


                _wsh.Cells[19 + i, 1] = (i+1).ToString(); //第一项 设置编号
                _wsh.Cells[19 + i, 2] = $"{model.QuotationItems[i].CustomCode}\r\n{model.QuotationItems[i].Product.Code}\r\n{model.QuotationItems[i].Product.Name}"; //第二项 设置 客户零件号/模号/料号 产品型号 产品名称


                //合并单元格
                Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range mergeRange = _wsh.Range[_wsh.Cells[19 + i, 2], _wsh.Cells[19 + i, 4]];
                //合并单元格
                mergeRange.Merge(mergeRange.MergeCells);
                //((Range)_wsh.Rows[19 + i, System.Reflection.Missing.Value]).Merge(mergeRange.MergeCells);

                _wsh.Cells[19 + i, 5] = model.QuotationItems[i].Quantity; //第三项 设置数量
                _wsh.Cells[19 + i, 6] = model.QuotationItems[i].Quotation.UnitPriceWithTax >=0 ? ((decimal)model.QuotationItems[i].Quotation.UnitPriceWithTax).ToString("f2") : ""; //第四项 设置含税单价（元） 
                _wsh.Cells[19 + i, 7] = model.QuotationItems[i].Quotation.SubtotalWithTax; //第五项 设置小计（元）
                _wsh.Cells[19 + i, 8] = model.QuotationItems[i].Quotation.DispatchDays>=0 ? ((int)model.QuotationItems[i].Quotation.DispatchDays).ToString() : ""; //第六项 设置发货天数（工作日）
                _wsh.Cells[19 + i, 9] = model.QuotationItems[i].Remark; //第七项 设置备注

                ((Range)_wsh.Rows[19 + i, System.Reflection.Missing.Value]).RowHeight = 45;
            }

            //设置结算方式
            _wsh.Cells[24 + count, 3] = model.Payment;
            //设置产品未税总价
            _wsh.Cells[23 + count, 8] = model.QuotationOrder.TotalWithoutTax.ToString("f2");
            //设置优惠金额0.00
            _wsh.Cells[24 + count, 8] = model.QuotationOrder.Preferential != null ? model.QuotationOrder.Preferential.Discount.HasValue ? ((decimal)model.QuotationOrder.Preferential.Discount).ToString("f2") : "0.00" : "0.00";
            //设置运费
            _wsh.Cells[25 + count, 8] = model.QuotationOrder.Shipping.Amount.ToString("f2");
            //设置运费折扣
            _wsh.Cells[26 + count, 8] = model.QuotationOrder.Shipping.Discount.ToString("f2");
            //设置增值税
            _wsh.Cells[27 + count, 8] = model.QuotationOrder.Tax.ToString("f2");
            //设置含税总金额（小写）
            _wsh.Cells[29 + count, 8] = model.QuotationOrder.TotalWithTax.ToString("f2");
            //设置含税总金额（大写）
            _wsh.Cells[30 + count, 8] = model.QuotationOrder.TotalWithTaxInChinese;
            ((Range)_wsh.Cells[30 + count, 8]).HorizontalAlignment = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlHAlign.xlHAlignRight;

            app.DisplayAlerts = false;
            app.AlertBeforeOverwriting = false;
            excelTempPath = Server.MapPath("/Resources/Excel/");
            if (!Directory.Exists(excelTempPath))
            {
                Directory.CreateDirectory(excelTempPath);
            }
            string savePath = excelTempPath + DateTime.Now.ToFileTime() + ".xls";
            _wbk.SaveCopyAs(savePath);
            wbks.Close();
            app.Quit();
            System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(app);
            return savePath;
        }