Hash Function
Posted Sheryl Wang
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In data structure Hash, hash function is used to convert a string(or any other type) into an integer smaller than hash size and bigger or equal to zero. The objective of designing a hash function is to "hash" the key as unreasonable as possible. A good hash function can avoid collision as less as possible. A widely used hash function algorithm is using a magic number 33, consider any string as a 33 based big integer like follow:
hashcode("abcd") = (ascii(a) * 333 + ascii(b) * 332 + ascii(c) *33 + ascii(d)) % HASH_SIZE
= (97* 333 + 98 * 332 + 99 * 33 +100) % HASH_SIZE
= 3595978 % HASH_SIZE
here HASH_SIZE is the capacity of the hash table (you can assume a hash table is like an array with index 0 ~ HASH_SIZE-1).
Given a string as a key and the size of hash table, return the hash value of this key.f
Lintcode上的一道题,没有什么技术含量,就是根据公式求hash值。但是这种straight forward的方法最后超时了,所以其实取余运算可以进行优化,也即是不在最后进行取余运算,而是在每一步的运算中都取余。代码如下:
class Solution: """ @param key: A String you should hash @param HASH_SIZE: An integer @return an integer """ def hashCode(self, key, HASH_SIZE): if not key: return 0 hashcode = 0 for s in key: hashcode = (hashcode*33 + ord(s))%HASH_SIZE return hashcode
这种操作的正确性可以证明,即 (a+b)%c = (a%c+b)%c 从性质(1)可以推出。
推论:若p是素数,a是正整数且不能被p整除,则:a^p mod p = a mod p
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