nginx_3_反向代理负载均衡缓存URL重写
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LEMP
nginx(FastCgi)+php-fpm
location ~* \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
}
nginx配置文件
main,
worker_process
error_log
user
group
events {
}
http {
server{
listen 80;
server_name test.hale.com;
location / {
root html;
index index.html;
allow 192.168.21.85;
deny all;
auth_basic "The authentication"
auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/.user
}
}
}
#定义默认主机头,即没有明确定义虚拟主机的都使用此server
server {
listen 80 default;
return 500;
}
nginx反向代理:
proxy_pass
server {
listen 80;
server_name test.hale.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://192.168.21.123:80;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
}
}
nginx负载均衡:
upstream
#定义上游服务器组
upstream 123test {
#ip_hash;
server 192.168.21.123:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=3;
server 192.168.21.124:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=3;
server 127.0.0.1:8080 backup; #定义sorry页面,不能与ip_hash算法一起使用
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name 123test.hale.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://123test;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
}
}
#定义sorry虚拟主机,在所有上游服务器不可用时,代理到该虚拟主机
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
location /{
root /usr/local/nginx/html;
index sorry.html;
}
}
nginx缓存:
共享内存: 存储键和缓存对象元数据
磁盘空间: 存储数据
proxy_cache_path: 不能定义在server{}中
proxy_cache_path /nginx/cache/first levels=1:2:1 keys_zone=first:32m max_size=1g;
upstream 123test {
#ip_hash;
server 192.168.21.123:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=3;
server 192.168.21.124:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=3;
#server 127.0.0.1:8080 backup;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name 123test.hale.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://123test;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_cache first;
proxy_cache_valid 200 10m;
add_header X-Via $server_addr;
add_header X-Cache $upstream_cache_status;
}
}
另外三种常用的缓存:
open_log_cache: 日志缓存
open_file_cache:
fastcgi_cache:
将特定的请求发送到特定的服务器
upstream phpser {
server 192.168.1.10;
server 192.168.1.11;
}
upstream imgser {
server 192.168.1.20;
server 192.168.1.21;
}
upstream staticser {
server 192.168.1.30;
server 192.168.1.31;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name test.test.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://staticser;
}
location ~* \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass http://phpser;
}
location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png)$ {
proxy_pass http://imgser;
}
}
rewrite: URL重写
支持正则表达式
if(condition) {
}
测试:
双目测试:
~, !~
=, !=
~*, !~*
# if 语句尽量只在location上下文中使用
if ($request_method = "POST") {
}
if ($request_uri ~* "/forum") {
}
location /images/ {
rewrite http://192.168.1.20;
}
location / {
root html;
index index.html;
rewrite "^/bbs(.*)" http://192.168.1.41/forum$1 last;
}
location / {
root html;
index index.html;
rewrite "^/bbs.*" "bbs.html" last;
}
last : 本次重写完成后,重启下一轮检查;对重写的URL再次进行重写检查
break : 本次重写完成后,直接执行后续操作
nginx读写分离:
上游服务器使用httpd
在httpd.conf中的<Directory>段中修改
<Directory "/var/www/html">
Dav on
Options None
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
并给予此目录apache的读写执行权限
# setfacl -m u:apache:wrx /var/www/html/
在nginx上定义读写分离
upstream 123test {
#ip_hash;
server 192.168.21.123:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=3;
server 192.168.21.124:80 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=3;
#server 127.0.0.1:8080 backup;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name 123test.hale.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://123test;
if ($request_method = "PUT") {
proxy_pass http://192.168.21.124:80;
}
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
# proxy_cache first;
# proxy_cache_valid 200 10m;
# add_header X-Via $server_addr;
# add_header X-Cache $upstream_cache_status;
}
}
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