Linux下安装配置Apache服务器

Posted 2020-07-24

Linux下安装配置Apache服务器

1. 安装Apache

[[email protected] ~]# yum –y install httpd

2. 启动Apache

[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start httpd

3. 查看进程

[[email protected] ~]# systemctl status httpd

httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled)

Active: active (running) since 四 2016-06-09 10:41:59 CST; 7min ago

Docs: man:httpd(8)

man:apachectl(8)

Main PID: 5183 (httpd)

Status: "Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic: 0 B/sec"

CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service

├─5183 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

├─5184 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

├─5185 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

├─5186 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

├─5187 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

└─5188 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

6月 09 10:41:59 localhost.localdomain httpd[5183]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server‘s fully qualified domain name, using localhost.loca...s message

6月 09 10:41:59 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.

Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

4. 修改配置文件

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

# This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file. It contains the

# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.

# See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/> for detailed information.

# In particular, see

# <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/directives.html>

# for a discussion of each configuration directive.

#

# Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding

# what they do. They‘re here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure

# consult the online docs. You have been warned.

#

# Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many

# of the server‘s control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the

# server will use that explicit path. If the filenames do *not* begin

# with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so ‘log/access_log‘

# with ServerRoot set to ‘/www‘ will be interpreted by the

# server as ‘/www/log/access_log‘, where as ‘/log/access_log‘ will be

# interpreted as ‘/log/access_log‘.

#

# ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server‘s

# configuration, error, and log files are kept.

#

# Do not add a slash at the end of the directory path. If you point

# ServerRoot at a non-local disk, be sure to specify a local disk on the

# Mutex directive, if file-based mutexes are used. If you wish to share the

# same ServerRoot for multiple httpd daemons, you will need to change at

# least PidFile.

#

ServerRoot "/etc/httpd" //配置文件的位置。

#

# Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or

# ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost>

# directive.

#

# Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to

# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.

#

#Listen 12.34.56.78:80 //基于ip端口的监听

Listen 80 //监听的端口

#

# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support

#

# To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you

# have to place corresponding `LoadModule‘ lines at this location so the

# directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.

# Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l‘) do not need

# to be loaded here.

#

# Example:

# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so

#

Include conf.modules.d/*.conf //包含进来的配置文件

#

# If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run

# httpd as root initially and it will switch.

#

# User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as.

# It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for

# running httpd, as with most system services.

#

User apache // apache的用户

Group apache // apache的组名

# ‘Main‘ server configuration

#

# The directives in this section set up the values used by the ‘main‘

# server, which responds to any requests that aren‘t handled by a

# <VirtualHost> definition. These values also provide defaults for

# any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file.

#

# All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers,

# in which case these default settings will be overridden for the

# virtual host being defined.

#

#

# ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be

# e-mailed. This address appears on some server-generated pages, such

# as error documents. e.g. [email protected]

#

ServerAdmin [email protected] //管理员邮箱

#

# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.

# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify

# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.

#

# If your host doesn‘t have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.

#

ServerName www.example.com:80 //主机名的端口

#

# Deny access to the entirety of your server‘s filesystem. You must

# explicitly permit access to web content directories in other

# <Directory> blocks below.

#

<Directory />

AllowOverride none

Require all denied

</Directory>

#

# Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow

# particular features to be enabled - so if something‘s not working as

# you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it

# below.

#

#

# DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your

# documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but

# symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.

#

DocumentRoot "/var/www/html" //web服务器的根目录

#

# Relax access to content within /var/www.

#

<Directory "/var/www">

AllowOverride None

# Allow open access:

Require all granted

</Directory>

# Further relax access to the default document root:

<Directory "/var/www/html">

#

# Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",

# or any combination of:

# Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews

#

# Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"

# doesn‘t give it to you.

#

# The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see

# http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#options

# for more information.

#

Options Indexes FollowSymLinks

#

# AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.

# It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:

# Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit

#

AllowOverride None

#

# Controls who can get stuff from this server.

#

Require all granted

</Directory>

#

# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory

# is requested.

#

<IfModule dir_module>

DirectoryIndex index.html

</IfModule>

#

# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being

# viewed by Web clients.

#

<Files ".ht*">

Require all denied

</Files>

#

# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.

# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost>

# container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be

# logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost>

# container, that host‘s errors will be logged there and not here.

#

ErrorLog "logs/error_log" //错误日志文件位置

#

# LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log.

# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,

# alert, emerg.

#

LogLevel warn //错误级别设定

<IfModule log_config_module>//错误日志格式

#

# The following directives define some format nicknames for use with

# a CustomLog directive (see below).

#

LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined

LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common

<IfModule logio_module>

# You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O

LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio

</IfModule>

#

# The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format).

# If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost>

# container, they will be logged here. Contrariwise, if you *do*

# define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be

# logged therein and *not* in this file.

#

#CustomLog "logs/access_log" common

#

# If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information

# (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive.

#

CustomLog "logs/access_log" combined

</IfModule>

<IfModule alias_module>

#

# Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to

# exist in your server‘s namespace, but do not anymore. The client

# will make a new request for the document at its new location.

# Example:

# Redirect permanent /foo http://www.example.com/bar

#

# Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to

# access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot.

# Example:

# Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path

#

# If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will

# require it to be present in the URL. You will also likely

# need to provide a <Directory> section to allow access to

# the filesystem path.

#

# ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts.

# ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that

# documents in the target directory are treated as applications and

# run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the

# client. The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias

# directives as to Alias.

#

ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"

</IfModule>

#

# "/var/www/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased

# CGI directory exists, if you have that configured.

#

<Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin">

AllowOverride None

Options None

Require all granted

</Directory>

<IfModule mime_module>

#

# TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from

# filename extension to MIME-type.

#

TypesConfig /etc/mime.types

#

# AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration

# file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types.

#

#AddType application/x-gzip .tgz

#

# AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress

# information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this.

#

#AddEncoding x-compress .Z

#AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz

#

# If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you

# probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:

#

AddType application/x-compress .Z

AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz

#

# AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers":

# actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server

# or added with the Action directive (see below)

#

# To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories:

# (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.)

#

#AddHandler cgi-script .cgi

# For type maps (negotiated resources):

#AddHandler type-map var

#

# Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client.

#

# To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI):

# (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.)

#

AddType text/html .shtml

AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml

</IfModule>

#

# Specify a default charset for all content served; this enables

# interpretation of all content as UTF-8 by default. To use the

# default browser choice (ISO-8859-1), or to allow the META tags

# in HTML content to override this choice, comment out this

# directive:

#

AddDefaultCharset UTF-8

<IfModule mime_magic_module>

#

# The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the

# contents of the file itself to determine its type. The MIMEMagicFile

# directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located.

#

MIMEMagicFile conf/magic

</IfModule>

#

# Customizable error responses come in three flavors:

# 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects

#

# Some examples:

#ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo."

#ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html

#ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl"

#ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html

#

# EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it,

# memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall may be used to deliver

# files. This usually improves server performance, but must

# be turned off when serving from networked-mounted

# filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise

# broken on your system.

# Defaults if commented: EnableMMAP On, EnableSendfile Off

#

#EnableMMAP off

EnableSendfile on

# Supplemental configuration

#

# Load config files in the "/etc/httpd/conf.d" directory, if any.

IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf

5. 重启服务

[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service

6. 开机自启动

[[email protected] ~]# systemctl enable httpd.service

7. 防火墙设置

[[email protected] ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=80/tcp

8. 浏览器输入查看

9. 查看Apache配置参数

[[email protected] ~]# httpd -V

Server version: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)

Server built: May 12 2016 10:27:23

Server‘s Module Magic Number: 20120211:24

Server loaded: APR 1.4.8, APR-UTIL 1.5.2

Compiled using: APR 1.4.8, APR-UTIL 1.5.2

Architecture: 64-bit

Server MPM: prefork

threaded: no

forked: yes (variable process count)

Server compiled with....

-D APR_HAS_SENDFILE

-D APR_HAS_MMAP

-D APR_HAVE_IPV6 (IPv4-mapped addresses enabled)

-D APR_USE_SYSVSEM_SERIALIZE

-D APR_USE_PTHREAD_SERIALIZE

-D SINGLE_LISTEN_UNSERIALIZED_ACCEPT

-D APR_HAS_OTHER_CHILD

-D AP_HAVE_RELIABLE_PIPED_LOGS

-D DYNAMIC_MODULE_LIMIT=256

-D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd"

-D SUEXEC_BIN="/usr/sbin/suexec"

-D DEFAULT_PIDLOG="/run/httpd/httpd.pid"

-D DEFAULT_SCOREBOARD="logs/apache_runtime_status"

-D DEFAULT_ERRORLOG="logs/error_log"

-D AP_TYPES_CONFIG_FILE="conf/mime.types"

-D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf"

10. 查看已经被编译的模块

[[email protected] ~]# httpd -l

Compiled in modules:

core.c

mod_so.c

http_core.c

配置个人用户web空间

1. 修改配置文件

[[email protected] html]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/userdir.conf

# UserDir: The name of the directory that is appended onto a user‘s home

# directory if a ~user request is received.

#

# The path to the end user account ‘public_html‘ directory must be

# accessible to the webserver userid. This usually means that ~userid

# must have permissions of 711, ~userid/public_html must have permissions

# of 755, and documents contained therein must be world-readable.

# Otherwise, the client will only receive a "403 Forbidden" message.

#

<IfModule mod_userdir.c>

#

# UserDir is disabled by default since it can confirm the presence

# of a username on the system (depending on home directory

# permissions).

#

UserDir disabled //改为UserDir public_html

#

# To enable requests to /~user/ to serve the user‘s public_html

# directory, remove the "UserDir disabled" line above, and uncomment

# the following line instead:

#

#UserDir public_html

</IfModule>

#

# Control access to UserDir directories. The following is an example

# for a site where these directories are restricted to read-only.

#

<Directory "/home/*/public_html">

AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit Indexes

Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec //改为 Options None

Require method GET POST OPTIONS

</Directory>

2. 创建文件夹并修改权限

[[email protected] html]# mkdir /home/redhat/public_html

[[email protected] html]# chmod 705 /home/redhat/ -R

3. 创建index.html文件并查看