Centos 部署Cobbler系统

Posted 2020-07-20

一.简介

Cobbler 可以用来快速建立 Linux 网络安装环境，它已将 Linux 网络安装的技术门槛，从大专以上文化水平，成功降低到初中以下，连补鞋匠都能学会。（~..~）

二.安装环境以及资源

1. 系统：centos 6.5 　　IP：192.168.30.158/24

2. 自动安装镜像：CentOS-6.5-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

三.安装步骤

1. 安装epel源：

   [[email protected] ~]# rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

    

    

2. 安装DHCP、tftp，rsync，xinetd，httpd（这些都是所需要的，如果有则不需要安装。）

   [[email protected] ~]# yum -y install dhcp tftp rsync xinetd httpd

    

3. 安装cobbler

   [[email protected] ~]# wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm

4. [[email protected] ~]# rpm -ivh rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
   

5. [[email protected] ~]# yum install cobbler

    

6. 安装cobbler完成后，重启cobblerd。还暂时不能使用，我们可以运行一下这个命令，检查一下。可以看到的错误信息

   [[email protected] ~]# cobbler checkThe following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

7. 1 : The ‘server‘ field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.

8. 2 : For PXE to be functional, the ‘next_server‘ field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.

9. 3 : change ‘disable‘ to ‘no‘ in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

10. 4 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run ‘cobbler get-loaders‘ to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The‘cobbler get-loaders‘ command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.

11. 5 : change ‘disable‘ to ‘no‘ in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync

12. 6 : comment out ‘dists‘ on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support7 : comment out ‘arches‘ on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support8 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to ‘cobbler‘ and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘random-phrase-here‘ ‘your-password-here‘" to generate new oneRestart cobblerd and then run ‘cobbler sync‘ to apply changes.

     

13. 现在就一个一个的来解决以上的错误条目。

• 1 : The ‘server‘ field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
  上面提示需要修改cobbler服务器的ip地址。配置文件是/etc/cobbler/settings.找到

  [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settingsserver: 192.168.30.158next_server: 192.168.30.158

• 2 : change ‘disable‘ to ‘no‘ in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp　　修改disable 为 no

  [[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

• # default: off

• # description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \

• # protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \

• # workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \

• # and to start the installation process for some operating systems.

• service tftp{

•      socket_type      = dgram

•      protocol         = udp

•      wait             = yes

•      user             = root

•      server           = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd

•      server_args      = -s /var/lib/tftpboot    

•      disable          = no

•      per_source       = 11

•      cps              = 100 2

•      flags            = IPv4

• }

• 3 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run ‘cobbler get-loaders‘ to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The ‘cobbler get-loaders‘ command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.

  [[email protected] ~]# cobbler get-loaders

• task started: 2015-08-26_161520_get_loaders

• task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Wed Aug 26 16:15:20 2015)

• downloading http://cobbler.github.com/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README

• downloading http://cobbler.github.com/loaders/COPYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo

• downloading http://cobbler.github.com/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot

• downloading http://cobbler.github.com/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux

• downloading http://cobbler.github.com/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi

• downloading http://cobbler.github.com/loaders/yaboot-1.3.17 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot

• downloading http://cobbler.github.com/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0

• downloading http://cobbler.github.com/loaders/menu.c32-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32

• downloading http://cobbler.github.com/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi

• downloading http://cobbler.github.com/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi*** TASK COMPLETE ***

• 4 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to ‘cobbler‘ and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘random-phrase-here‘ ‘your-password-here‘" to generate new one 

• 
  

• [[email protected] ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘222222‘ ‘999999‘

• $1$222222$D38AxheCTHf/nVAzlN0.z0

• 
  

• 此处按提示操作，最后一个生成的“999999”密码，是cobbler客户端安装完系统后的root密码。生成后的密码$1$222222$D38AxheCTHf/nVAzlN0.z0需要写入下面的文件内：/etc/cobbler/settings内

  [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings

• default_password_crypted: "$1$222222$D38AxheCTHf/nVAzlN0.z0"

• 5 : comment out ‘dists‘ on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support；comment out ‘arches‘ on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support

  [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/debmirror.conf#@dists="sid";#@arches="i386";

  找到以上两行，并注释掉这两句。

• 6 : change ‘disable‘ to ‘no‘ in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync　　修改disable 为 no

  [[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/xinetd.d/rsync

• # default: off

• # description: The rsync server is a good addition to an ftp server, as it \

• #      allows crc checksumming etc.

• service rsync

• {

•      disable = no

•      flags = IPv6

•      socket_type = stream

•      wait = no

•      user = root

•      server = /usr/bin/rsync

•      server_args = --daemon

•      log_on_failure += USERID

• }

• 7：将上述错误修改完毕后，重启下cobblerd服务，再次运行cobbler check检查，出现以下便表示前面几条的提示已经被解决了。

  [[email protected] ~]# service cobblerd restart

• Stopping cobbler daemon: [ OK ]

• Starting cobbler daemon: [ OK ]

• [[email protected] ~]# cobbler checkNo configuration problems found. All systems go.

•  

• 8：修改cobbler配置文件，让cobbler来接管DHCP的目的 

• [[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/cobbler/settingsmanage_dhcp: 1

• 9：修改DHCP配置模板，修改成如下配置（根据自己的网络环境配置）

  [[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

• subnet 192.168.30.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

•      option routers 192.168.30.1;

•      option domain-name-servers 192.168.30.1;

•      option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;

•      range dynamic-bootp 192.168.30.100 192.168.30.254;

•      default-lease-time 21600;

•      max-lease-time 43200;

•      next-server $next_server;

• 10：安装光盘已经放在光驱里了，现在需要创建文件，然后挂载到电脑上。

  [[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /cobbler/ISO

• [[email protected] /]# mount /dev/cdrom /cobbler/ISO/

• mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

   之后导入安装镜像。

  [[email protected] ~]# cobbler import --path=/cobbler/ISO/ --name=CentOS-6.5_86x64

• task started: 2015-08-26_181805_import

• task started (id=Media import, time=Wed Aug 26 18:18:05 2015)

• Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6

• Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6

• Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5_86x64:

• creating new distro: CentOS-6.5_86x64-x86_64

• trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5_86x64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/CentOS-6.5_86x64-x86_64

• creating new profile: CentOS-6.5_86x64-x86_64

• associating repos

• checking for rsync repo(s)

• checking for rhn repo(s)

• checking for yum repo(s)

• starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5_86x64 for CentOS-6.5_86x64-x86_64

• processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5_86x64

• need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5_86x64

• looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5_86x64/repodata/*comps*.xml

• Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5_86x64/repodata

• *** TASK COMPLETE ***

   

• 11: 现在同步cobbler

  [[email protected] ~]# cobbler sync

• task started: 2015-08-26_182224_sync

• task started (id=Sync, time=Wed Aug 26 18:22:24 2015)

• running pre-sync triggers

• cleaning trees

• removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-6.5_86x64-x86_64

• removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

• removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault

• removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images

• removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-6.5_86x64-x86_64

• removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list

• copying bootloaders

• trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0

• trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32

• trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot

• trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi

• trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi

• copying distros to tftpboot

• copying files for distro: CentOS-6.5_86x64-x86_64

• trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5_86x64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-6.5_86x64-x86_64/vmlinuz

• trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5_86x64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-6.5_86x64-x86_64/initrd.img

• copying images

• generating PXE configuration files

• generating PXE menu structure

• copying files for distro: CentOS-6.5_86x64-x86_64

• trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5_86x64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-6.5_86x64-x86_64/vmlinuz

• trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5_86x64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-6.5_86x64-x86_64/initrd.img

• Writing template files for CentOS-6.5_86x64-x86_64

• rendering TFTPD files

• generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

• processing boot_files for distro: CentOS-6.5_86x64-x86_64

• cleaning link caches

• running post-sync triggers

• running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*

• running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services

• running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*

• running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

• running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track

• running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

• *** TASK COMPLETE ***

  重启一下

• [[email protected] cobbler]# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart

• Stopping xinetd: [ OK ]

• Starting xinetd: [ OK ]

   

• 12：现在配置基本上已经完成了，可以达到自动装机的效果了。（可能生产环境中需要修改一些环境变量，或者预安装的软件包）

四.现在测试一下

• 开机，选择网卡启动
  
  

• 之后在出现的系统菜单中，选择所需要安装的系统
  
  

• 选择Centos6.5后即可自动进行安装。
  
  文中可能有遗漏之处，还请提出，如果转载，还请注明源地址！谢谢....

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