SpringMVC从入门到精通
Posted 辉孑
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一、SpringMVC基础入门,创建一个HelloWorld程序
1.首先,导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。
2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置
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<!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping--> < servlet > < servlet-name >springmvc</ servlet-name > < servlet-class >org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</ servlet-class > < init-param > < param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name > < param-value >classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</ param-value > </ init-param > <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> --> </ servlet > < servlet-mapping > < servlet-name >springmvc</ servlet-name > < url-pattern >/</ url-pattern > </ servlet-mapping > |
3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件
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<? xml
version = "1.0"
encoding = "UTF-8" ?> xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">
<!-- scan the package and the sub package --> < context:component-scan
base-package = "test.SpringMVC" /> <!-- don‘t handle the static resource --> < mvc:default-servlet-handler
/> <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting --> < mvc:annotation-driven
/> <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver --> < bean
class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id = "internalResourceViewResolver" > <!-- 前缀 --> < property
name = "prefix"
value = "/WEB-INF/jsp/"
/> <!-- 后缀 --> < property
name = "suffix"
value = ".jsp"
/> </ bean > </ beans > |
4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹,用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp,在body中添加“Hello World”。
5.建立包及Controller,如下所示
6.编写Controller代码
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@Controller @RequestMapping ( "/mvc" ) public
class mvcController { @RequestMapping ( "/hello" ) public
String hello(){ return
"hello" ; } } |
7.启动服务器,键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello
二、配置解析
1.Dispatcherservlet
DispatcherServlet是前置控制器,配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求,Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义,把拦截下来的请求,依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理,是配置spring MVC的第一步。
2.InternalResourceViewResolver
视图名称解析器
3.以上出现的注解
@Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
三、SpringMVC常用注解
@Controller
负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping
注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
@RequestBody
该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上
@ResponseBody
该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区
@ModelAttribute
在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解:Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前,会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法
在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解:可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象,再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中,再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中
@RequestParam
在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法
@PathVariable
绑定 URL 占位符到入参
@ExceptionHandler
注解到方法上,出现异常时会执行该方法
@ControllerAdvice
使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类,类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常
四、自动匹配参数
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//match automatically @RequestMapping ( "/person" ) public
String toPerson(String name, double
age){ System.out.println(name+ " " +age); return
"hello" ; } |
五、自动装箱
1.编写一个Person实体类
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package
test.SpringMVC.model; public
class Person { public
String getName() { return
name; } public
void setName(String name) { this .name = name; } public
int getAge() { return
age; } public
void setAge( int
age) { this .age = age; } private
String name; private
int age; } |
2.在Controller里编写方法
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//boxing automatically @RequestMapping ( "/person1" ) public
String toPerson(Person p){ System.out.println(p.getName()+ " " +p.getAge()); return
"hello" ; } |
六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数
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//the parameter was converted in initBinder @RequestMapping ( "/date" ) public
String date(Date date){ System.out.println(date); return
"hello" ; } //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date" @InitBinder public
void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){ binder.registerCustomEditor(Date. class ,
new CustomDateEditor( new
SimpleDateFormat( "yyyy-MM-dd" ), true )); } |
七、向前台传递参数
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//pass the parameters to front-end @RequestMapping ( "/show" ) public
String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){ Person p = new
Person(); map.put( "p" , p); p.setAge( 20 ); p.setName( "jayjay" ); return
"show" ; } |
前台可在Request域中取到"p"
八、使用Ajax调用
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//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax @RequestMapping ( "/getPerson" ) public
void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){ pw.write( "hello," +name);
} @RequestMapping ( "/name" ) public
String sayHello(){ return
"name" ; } |
前台用下面的Jquery代码调用
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$( function (){ $( "#btn" ).click( function (){ $.post( "mvc/getPerson" ,{name:$( "#name" ).val()}, function (data){ alert(data); }); }); }); |
九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求
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//redirect
@RequestMapping ( "/redirect" ) public
String redirect(){ return
"redirect:hello" ; } |
十、文件上传
1.需要导入两个jar包
2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入
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<!-- upload settings --> < bean
id = "multipartResolver"
class = "org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" > < property
name = "maxUploadSize"
value = "102400000" ></ property > </ bean > |
3.方法代码
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@RequestMapping (value= "/upload" ,method=RequestMethod.POST) public
String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws
Exception{ MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req; MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile( "file" ); String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename(); SimpleDateFormat sdf =
new SimpleDateFormat( "yyyyMMddHHmmss" );
FileOutputStream fos =
new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath( "/" )+ "upload/" +sdf.format( new
Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf( ‘.‘ ))); fos.write(file.getBytes()); fos.flush(); fos.close(); return
"hello" ; } |
4.前台form表单
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< form
action = "mvc/upload"
method = "post"
enctype = "multipart/form-data" > < input
type = "file"
name = "file" >< br > < input
type = "submit"
value = "submit" > </ form > |
十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name
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@Controller @RequestMapping ( "/test" ) public
class mvcController1 { @RequestMapping (value= "/param" ) public
String testRequestParam( @RequestParam (value= "id" ) Integer id, @RequestParam (value= "name" )String name){ System.out.println(id+ " " +name); return
"/hello" ; }
} |
十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC
1.RestController
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@Controller @RequestMapping ( "/rest" ) public
class RestController { @RequestMapping (value= "/user/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.GET) public
String get( @PathVariable ( "id" ) Integer id){ System.out.println( "get" +id); return
"/hello" ; } @RequestMapping (value= "/user/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.POST) public
String post( @PathVariable ( "id" ) Integer id){ System.out.println( "post" +id); return
"/hello" ; } @RequestMapping (value= "/user/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.PUT) public
String put( @PathVariable ( "id" ) Integer id){ System.out.println( "put" +id); return
"/hello" ; } @RequestMapping (value= "/user/{id}" ,method=RequestMethod.DELETE) public
String delete( @PathVariable ( "id" ) Integer id){ System.out.println( "delete" +id); return
"/hello" ; } } |
2.form表单发送put和delete请求
在web.xml中配置
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<!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete --> < filter > < filter-name >HiddenHttpMethodFilter</ filter-name > < filter-class >org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</ filter-class > </ filter > < filter-mapping > < filter-name >HiddenHttpMethodFilter</ filter-name > < url-pattern >/*</ url-pattern > </ filter-mapping > |
在前台可以用以下代码产生请求
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< form
action = "rest/user/1"
method = "post" > < input
type = "hidden"
name = "_method"
value = "PUT" > < input
type = "submit"
value = "put" > </ form > < form
action = "rest/user/1"
method = "post" > < input
type = "submit"
value = "post" > </ form > < form
action = "rest/user/1"
method = "get" > < input
type = "submit"
value = "get" > </ form > < form
action = "rest/user/1"
method = "post" > < input
type = "hidden"
name = "_method"
value = |
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