从零开始的MYSQL02 --- MySQL启动方式及故障排查，多实例搭建

Posted 2020-07-16

1. MySQL的方式及区别

    在MySQL启动遇到故障怎么排查

    /etc/init/d/mysql start | restart | stop 这个脚本是一般安装后由mysql.server 自动生成，如果是直接解压使用的需要手动添加。

    设置mysql自动启动：chkconfig mysql on，如果线上库，我建议关闭自动启动，线上库本着一个原则，出错了就停下来。或者脚本来控制批量的启动与停止。

 

    /etc/init.d/mysql  ( mysql.server) 

    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf & 

    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &         

    启动：mysql -S /tmp/mysql3302.sock

    关闭：mysqladmin -S /tmp/mysql3376.sock shutdown 

 

    mysql.server 调用的mysqld_safe，mysqld_safe调用的mysqld，一组MySQL用一个唯一个端口号，所有组之间的端口号最好不要重复。

 

2.新建一组服务器上多实例：

    mkdir -p /data/mysql/mysql3377/{data,logs,tmp}

    cp /data/mysql/mysql3376/my3376.cnf /data/mysql/mysql3377/my3377.cnf 

    cd /data/mysql/mysql3377

    chown -R mysql:mysql mysql3377

    sed -i ‘s/3376/3377/g‘ my3377.cnf

 

     准备工作做完开始初始化操作：

    cd /usr/local/mysql/

    ./script/mysql_db_install --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3377/my3377.cnf OR /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3377/my3377.cnf  &

    启动：mysql -S /tmp/mysql3302.sock

    关闭：mysqladmin -S /tmp/mysql3377.sock shutdown
 

 

    创建多实例的基本思路：创建基础目录并修改权限，拷贝配置文件，替换端口号，初始化，启动，关闭。

    多实例是可以写在同一个my.cnf里面，但是为了后续管理维护方便尽量单独一个实例使用单独的my.cnf

 

3.mysqld_mutli 的启动方式：

      mysqld_multi 可以调用mysqld_safe,也可以调用mysqld，但是如果mysqld_multi，建议调用mysqld_safe，mysqld_multi的配置文件必须是 /etc/my.cnf。

           [mysqld_multi]

           mysqld=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe

           mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin

           #用来做关闭mysql使用

           user = root

           log=/usr/local/mysql/m.log

 

     [mysqld3376]

     port=3376

     socket=/tmp/mysql3376.sock

     datadir=/data/mysql/mysql3376/data

     server-id=1003376

     log-bin=/data/mysql/mysql3376/logs/mysql-bin

     tmpdir=/data/mysql/mysql3376/tmp

     innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql/mysql3376/logs

     innodb_buffer_pool_size=200M

 

    单机多实例在配置文件应该注意什么问题：

          port                     port=3377

datadir                 socket=/tmp/mysql3377.sock

          socket                datadir=/data/mysql/mysql3377/data

          server-id             server-id=1003377

          log-bin=/data/mysql/mysql3377/logs/mysql-bin

         tmpdir=/data/mysql/mysql3377/tmp

         innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql/mysql3377/logs

 

mysqld配置文件的加载顺序：/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf 

帮助文档：msqyld --verbose --help

安装有错误的时候要会看error log，就是错误日志，所有的问题都会记录在这里

selinux一定要禁，在生产环境中也要这样，如果公司有硬件防火墙的话最好也将iptables关掉，如果没有的话就控制好iptables开放的端口

 

ibdata1 大小算法：6400*16/1024，如果你的ibdata1变得很庞大很有可能是启用了共享表空间，共享表空间，即使把数据清理掉后，也不会回收空间，这种怎么处理：

     1. dump出来

     2. 启用独立表空间导入

如果改小了能启动吗    可以auto_extend

 

双实例my.cnf实际配置：

 

  上传二进制文件到/usr/local/ && mkdir -p /software/mysql

  解压：

  tar -xzvf mysql-5.6.29-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

  mv mysql-5.6.29-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql

 

  创建用户、创建mysql用户和组， 设置mysql登入密码：

  groupadd mysql

  useradd -g mysql -d /home/mysql mysql -d意思是指定home 可以使用man查看useradd的用法

  Changing password for user mysql.

  New password: mysql

 

  创建目录：

  mkdir -p /data/mysql/mysql3376/{data,logs}

  mkdir -p /data/mysql/mysql3377/{data,logs}

 

  授权：

  chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/mysql3376/

  chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/mysql3377/

 

  分别在mysql3376和mysql3377目录下创建参数文件

  vi my3376.cnf

 

[client]

port = 3376

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

 

# The MySQL server

[mysqld]

# Basic

port = 3376

user = mysql

basedir = /usr/local/mysql ##二进制安装文件存放路径

datadir = /data/mysql/mysql3376/data ##数据文件存放路径

socket = /tmp/mysql3376.sock

 

log_bin = mysql3376-bin

log_error = /data/mysql/mysql3376/logs/error3376.log

slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/slow3376.log

skip-external-locking

skip-name-resolve

log-slave-updates

explicit_defaults_for_timestamp

relay_log=mysql3376-relay-log

relay_log_index=mysql3376relay-log-index

server-id = 337601

character_set_server = utf8 ###设置字符集

slow_query_log =1

long_query_time = 1

binlog_format = ROW ###binlog格式

max_binlog_size = 512M

binlog_cache_size = 2M

expire-logs-days = 15 ##binlog日志过期天数

lower_case_table_names=1 ##不区分大小写

back_log = 3000

max_connections=1000 ###设置最大连接数

max_user_connections=1000

max_connect_errors=900

interactive_timeout=7200

connect_timeout = 20

slave_net_timeout=60

max_relay_log_size = 512M

performance_schema=0

 

key_buffer_size = 16M

max_allowed_packet = 1024M

sort_buffer_size = 1M

read_buffer_size = 1M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M

join_buffer_size = 1M

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 16M

tmp_table_size = 16M

max_heap_table_size = 64M

query_cache_type=0

query_cache_size = 0

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 16M

thread_cache_size = 100

thread_stack = 192K

skip-slave-start

 

# InnoDB

innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:200M:autoextend

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M

innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8

innodb_log_file_size = 1000M

innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M

innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 ### 阿里设置为1

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50

innodb_sync_spin_loops = 100

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 75

innodb_thread_concurrency = 0 ####5.6.29默认值为16,阿里RDS里面设置为0，0表示不限制

innodb_thread_sleep_delay = 1000

innodb_concurrency_tickets = 1000

log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1

innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT

innodb_file_per_table = 1 设置独立表空

innodb_read_io_threads = 4

innodb_write_io_threads = 4

innodb_io_capacity = 2000

innodb_io_capacity_max = 4000

innodb_file_format = Barracuda

innodb_purge_threads=1

innodb_change_buffering=all

innodb_stats_on_metadata=OFF

 

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet = 1024M

 

[mysql]

no-auto-rehash

max_allowed_packet = 1024M

prompt = ‘\[email protected]\h:\p\d mysql> ‘

default_character_set = utf8

 

[mysqlhotcopy]

interactive-timeout

 

[mysqld_safe]

#malloc-lib= /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/libjemalloc.so

 

  3377实例参数

  以下参数需要修改为和3376不一样

port datadir socket server-id binlog命名

 

cd /data/mysql/mysql3377/

cp /data/mysql/mysql3376/my3376.cnf my3377.cnf

sed -i ‘s/3376/3377/g‘ my3377.cnf

 

最后参数为

#more my3377.cnf

 

[client]

port = 3377

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

 

# The MySQL server

[mysqld]

# Basic

port = 3377

user = mysql

basedir = /usr/local/mysql ##二进制安装文件存放路径

datadir = /data/mysql/mysql3377/data ##数据文件存放路径

socket = /tmp/mysql3377.sock

 

log_bin = mysql3377-bin

log_error = /data/mysql/mysql3376/logs/error3377.log

slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql3307/logs/slow3377.log

skip-external-locking

skip-name-resolve

log-slave-updates

explicit_defaults_for_timestamp

relay_log=mysql3377-relay-log

relay_log_index=mysql3377relay-log-index

server-id = 337701

character_set_server = utf8 ###设置字符集

slow_query_log =1

long_query_time = 1

binlog_format = ROW ###binlog格式

max_binlog_size = 512M

binlog_cache_size = 2M

expire-logs-days = 15 ##binlog日志过期天数

lower_case_table_names=1 ##不区分大小写

back_log = 3000

max_connections=1000 ###设置最大连接数

max_user_connections=1000

max_connect_errors=900

interactive_timeout=7200

connect_timeout = 20

slave_net_timeout=60

max_relay_log_size = 512M

performance_schema=0

 

key_buffer_size = 16M

max_allowed_packet = 1024M

sort_buffer_size = 1M

read_buffer_size = 1M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M

join_buffer_size = 1M

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 16M

tmp_table_size = 16M

max_heap_table_size = 64M

query_cache_type=0

query_cache_size = 0

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 16M

thread_cache_size = 100

thread_stack = 192K

skip-slave-start

 

# InnoDB

innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:200M:autoextend

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M

innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8

innodb_log_file_size = 1000M

innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M

innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 ### 阿里设置为1

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50

innodb_sync_spin_loops = 100

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 75

innodb_thread_concurrency = 0 ####5.6.29默认值为16,阿里RDS里面设置为0，0表示不限制

innodb_thread_sleep_delay = 1000

innodb_concurrency_tickets = 1000

log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1

innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT

innodb_file_per_table = 1 设置独立表空

innodb_read_io_threads = 4

innodb_write_io_threads = 4

innodb_io_capacity = 2000

innodb_io_capacity_max = 4000

innodb_file_format = Barracuda

innodb_purge_threads=1

innodb_change_buffering=all

innodb_stats_on_metadata=OFF

 

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet = 1024M

 

[mysql]

no-auto-rehash

max_allowed_packet = 1024M

prompt = ‘\[email protected]\h:\p(\d) mysql> ‘

default_character_set = utf8

 

[mysqlhotcopy]

interactive-timeout

 

[mysqld_safe]

#malloc-lib= /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/libjemalloc.so

 

  数据库初始化:

  cd /usr/local/mysql/

  ./scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3376/my3376.cnf

  ./scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3377/my3377.cnf