Winform应用程序实现通用消息窗口
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记得我之前发表过一篇文章《Winform应用程序实现通用遮罩层》,是实现了透明遮罩的消息窗口,功能侧重点在动图显示+消息提醒,效果看上去比较的炫,而本篇我又来重新设计通用消息窗口,功能重点在于消息提醒、进度报告,当然如果大家时间,可以将两种相结合,那样就会更完美了,我这里仍是以实现功能为主,由于代码相对简单,我就直接贴上所有代码,大家可以直接复制到本地测试,若发现问题可自行改正或反馈给我,我来完善,谢谢!
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Text; using System.Threading; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace WindowsFormsApplication1 { /// <summary> /// 等待窗口:用于处理耗时工作时,友好显示消息窗口 /// 作者:Zuowenjun /// 日期:2016-1-29 /// 网址:http://www.zuowenjun.cn /// </summary> public partial class FRM_Waitting : Form { private SynchronizationContext formContext; public string Message { get { return labMessage.Text; } set { labMessage.Text = value; } } public Action<WaittingForWorkObject> WorkAction { get; set; } public object WorkActionParam { get; set; } public Exception WorkException { get; private set; } public class WaittingForWorkObject { private SendOrPostCallback UpdateMessageAction = null; public SynchronizationContext Context { get; private set; } public object UserData { get; private set; } public void UpdateMessage(string msg) { this.Context.Post(UpdateMessageAction, msg); } public WaittingForWorkObject(FRM_Waitting parentForm) { this.Context = parentForm.formContext; this.UserData = parentForm.WorkActionParam; this.UpdateMessageAction = delegate(object o) { parentForm.Message = o.ToString(); }; } } public static void WaittingForWork(Action<WaittingForWorkObject> workAction, object workParam = null, string text = "请稍候", string message = "系统处理中,请稍候...") { var waittingForm = new FRM_Waitting(text, message, workAction, workParam); waittingForm.ShowDialog(); if (waittingForm.WorkException != null) { throw waittingForm.WorkException; } } public FRM_Waitting() { InitializeComponent(); } public FRM_Waitting(string text, string message, Action<WaittingForWorkObject> workAction, object workParam = null) : this() { this.Text = text; this.Message = message; this.WorkAction = workAction; this.WorkActionParam = workParam; } private void FRM_Waitting_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { } private void FRM_Waitting_Shown(object sender, EventArgs e) { formContext = SynchronizationContext.Current; if (WorkAction != null) { Thread workThread = new Thread(DoWork); workThread.IsBackground = true; workThread.Start(); } } private void DoWork() { try { var wfObject = new WaittingForWorkObject(this); WorkAction(wfObject); } catch (Exception ex) { WorkException = ex; } formContext.Send(delegate(object o) { this.Close(); }, null); } } }
以下是系统自动生成的代码:
namespace WindowsFormsApplication1 { partial class FRM_Waitting { /// <summary> /// Required designer variable. /// </summary> private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null; /// <summary> /// Clean up any resources being used. /// </summary> /// <param name="disposing">true if managed resources should be disposed; otherwise, false.</param> protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { if (disposing && (components != null)) { components.Dispose(); } base.Dispose(disposing); } #region Windows Form Designer generated code /// <summary> /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify /// the contents of this method with the code editor. /// </summary> private void InitializeComponent() { this.labMessage = new System.Windows.Forms.Label(); this.SuspendLayout(); // // labMessage // this.labMessage.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Fill; this.labMessage.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 9.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134))); this.labMessage.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 0); this.labMessage.Name = "labMessage"; this.labMessage.Padding = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(5); this.labMessage.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(453, 125); this.labMessage.TabIndex = 0; this.labMessage.Text = "Message"; this.labMessage.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter; this.labMessage.UseWaitCursor = true; // // FRM_Waitting // this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 12F); this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font; this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(453, 125); this.ControlBox = false; this.Controls.Add(this.labMessage); this.FormBorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FormBorderStyle.FixedSingle; this.Name = "FRM_Waitting"; this.ShowIcon = false; this.ShowInTaskbar = false; this.StartPosition = System.Windows.Forms.FormStartPosition.CenterParent; this.Text = "FRM_Waitting"; this.UseWaitCursor = true; this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.FRM_Waitting_Load); this.Shown += new System.EventHandler(this.FRM_Waitting_Shown); this.ResumeLayout(false); } #endregion private System.Windows.Forms.Label labMessage; } }
上述代码比较简单,我这里对消息窗口的实现原理作一个简要的说明:
1.将耗时处理逻辑代码封装到一个委托中(Aciton<FRM_Waitting.WaittingForWorkObject>);
2.获取当前同步上下文并保存,以便可以跨线程操作UI;
3.创建并运行一个后台线程,同时将该线程指定到DoWork(工作方法);
4.在DoWork方法中实例化WaittingForWorkObject对象,并传给1中委托,然后执行委托,这样耗时的操作都在后台线程中处理了;
5.在DoWork方法使用try catch捕获可能存在的异常,若发生异常则保存到WorkException属性中;
6.执行完成后(无论是否报错),通过同上下文发送关闭消息窗口指令,使消息窗口关闭;
7.在静态方法WaittingForWork中判断WorkException属性是否不为空,若不为空则重新抛出错误,这样主线程就知道发生了什么异常;
说明:为了能够兼容.NET 2.0及以上版本,代码中采用了匿名方法,而非Lambada表达式,实际使用时则可以任意选择,下面的测试示例中均提供了新旧两种代码写法,以供大家比较。
以下是各种测试示例:
/// <summary> /// 测试:普通显示一个消息窗口 /// </summary> private void Test1() { //旧方式(兼容.NET2.0及以上) FRM_Waitting.WaittingForWork(delegate(FRM_Waitting.WaittingForWorkObject o) { //在这里面写耗时处理逻辑代码,以下是模拟耗时 Thread.Sleep(10 * 1000); }); //新方式(.NET4.0及以上) //FRM_Waitting.WaittingForWork((o) => //{ //在这里面写耗时处理逻辑代码,以下是模拟耗时 // Thread.Sleep(10 * 1000); //}); }
效果如下:
/// <summary> /// 测试:普通显示一个消息窗口,并自定义提示消息并窗口标题 /// </summary> private void Test1_1() { //旧方式(兼容.NET2.0及以上) FRM_Waitting.WaittingForWork(delegate(FRM_Waitting.WaittingForWorkObject o) { //在这里面写耗时处理逻辑代码,以下是模拟耗时 Thread.Sleep(10 * 1000); },null,"客官请稍候","客官,店小二正在为您拼命处理中,请稍等片刻..."); //新方式(.NET4.0及以上) //FRM_Waitting.WaittingForWork((o) => //{ //在这里面写耗时处理逻辑代码,以下是模拟耗时 // Thread.Sleep(10 * 1000); //},null,"客官请稍候","客官,店小二正在为您拼命处理中,请稍等片刻..."); }
效果如下:
/// <summary> /// 测试:普通显示一个消息窗口,并在后台线程中抛出错误,前台显示错误信息 /// </summary> private void Test1_2() { try { //旧方式(兼容.NET2.0及以上) //FRM_Waitting.WaittingForWork(delegate(FRM_Waitting.WaittingForWorkObject o) //{ // //在这里面写耗时处理逻辑代码,以下是模拟耗时 // Thread.Sleep(10 * 1000); // throw new Exception("这里后台线程里抛出的错误!"); //}); //新方式(.NET4.0及以上) FRM_Waitting.WaittingForWork((o) => { //在这里面写耗时处理逻辑代码,以下是模拟耗时 Thread.Sleep(10 * 1000); throw new Exception("这里后台线程里抛出的错误!"); }); } catch(Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show("发生异常:" + ex.Message); } }
效果如下:
/// <summary> /// 测试:在消息窗口上显示加载进度 /// </summary> private void Test2() { //旧方式(兼容.NET2.0及以上) //FRM_Waitting.WaittingForWork(delegate(FRM_Waitting.WaittingForWorkObject o) //{ //在这里面写耗时处理逻辑代码,以下是模拟耗时 // for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) // { // Thread.Sleep(1000); // o.UpdateMessage(string.Format("共{0}项,当前已加载{1}项", 10, i)); // } //}); //新方式(.NET4.0及以上) FRM_Waitting.WaittingForWork((o) => { //在这里面写耗时处理逻辑代码,以下是模拟耗时 for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) { Thread.Sleep(1000); o.UpdateMessage(string.Format("共{0}项,当前已加载{1}项", 10, i)); } }); }
效果如下:
/// <summary> /// 测试:在消息窗口上显示加载进度,并同时在主窗口(非消息窗口都可以)上更新控件内容 /// </summary> private void Test3() { //旧方式(兼容.NET2.0及以上) FRM_Waitting.WaittingForWork(delegate(FRM_Waitting.WaittingForWorkObject o) { //在这里面写耗时处理逻辑代码,以下是模拟耗时 for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) { Thread.Sleep(1000); o.UpdateMessage(string.Format("共{0}项,当前已加载{1}项", 10, i)); o.Context.Send(delegate(object d) { this.listBox1.Items.Add(d); }, string.Format("共{0}项,当前已加载{1}项", 10, i)); } }); //新方式(.NET4.0及以上) //FRM_Waitting.WaittingForWork((o) => //{ //在这里面写耗时处理逻辑代码,以下是模拟耗时 // for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) // { // Thread.Sleep(1000); // o.UpdateMessage(string.Format("共{0}项,当前已加载{1}项", 10, i)); // o.Context.Send(d => this.listBox1.Items.Add(d), string.Format("共{0}项,当前已加载{1}项", 10, i)); // } //}); }
效果如下:
看完上面的测试效果,大家觉得如何,能否满足你的日常要求呢,我认为基本都可以满足的,当然如果发现更多的情况,欢迎在下方评论留言。
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