NA西游第四难：静态路由

Posted 2020-11-30

静态路由

静态路由是指手工配置的路由信息。
拓扑

基础配置

R1
interface Ethernet0/0/0
?ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
interface Serial0/0/0
?link-protocol ppp
?ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.0

R2
interface Serial0/0/0
?link-protocol ppp
?ip address 10.0.23.2 255.255.255.0
interface Serial0/0/1
?link-protocol ppp
?ip address 10.0.12.2 255.255.255.0

R3
interface Ethernet0/0/0
?ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
interface Serial0/0/1
?link-protocol ppp
?ip address 10.0.23.1 255.255.255.0

配置静态路由

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.12.2
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.23.1
[r1]ip route-static 10.0.23.0 24 Serial 0/0/0

[r2]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 10.0.12.1
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.23.2
[r3]ip route-static 10.0.12.0 24 Serial 0/0/1

在任意路由上查看路由表

[r1]dis ip routing-table?
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
?? ? ? ? Destinations : 9? ? ? ? Routes : 9 ? ? ? ?

Destination/Mask? ? Proto ? Pre? Cost? ? ? Flags NextHop ? ? ? ? Interface

? ? ? 10.0.12.0/24? Direct? 0? ? 0 ? ? ? ? ? D ? 10.0.12.1 ? ? ? Serial0/0/0
? ? ? 10.0.12.1/32? Direct? 0? ? 0 ? ? ? ? ? D ? 127.0.0.1 ? ? ? Serial0/0/0
? ? ? 10.0.12.2/32? Direct? 0? ? 0 ? ? ? ? ? D ? 10.0.12.2 ? ? ? Serial0/0/0
? ? ? 10.0.23.0/24? Static? 60 ? 0 ? ? ? ? ? D ? 10.0.12.1 ? ? ? Serial0/0/0
? ? ? 127.0.0.0/8 ? Direct? 0? ? 0 ? ? ? ? ? D ? 127.0.0.1 ? ? ? InLoopBack0
? ? ? 127.0.0.1/32? Direct? 0? ? 0 ? ? ? ? ? D ? 127.0.0.1 ? ? ? InLoopBack0
?? 192.168.10.0/24? Direct? 0? ? 0 ? ? ? ? ? D ? 192.168.10.1? ? Ethernet0/0/0
?? 192.168.10.1/32? Direct? 0? ? 0 ? ? ? ? ? D ? 127.0.0.1 ? ? ? Ethernet0/0/0
?? 192.168.20.0/24? Static? 60 ? 0? ? ? ? ? RD ? 10.0.12.2 ? ? ? Serial0/0/0

浮动静态路由

浮动静态路由（Floating Static Route）是一种特殊的静态路由，通过配置去往相同的目的网段，但优先级不同的静态路由，以保证网络中优先级较高的路由，即主路由失效的情况下， 提供备份路由。正常情况下，备份路由不会出现在路由表中。

基础配置

R1
interface Serial0/0/0
?link-protocol ppp
?ip address 10.0.10.1 255.255.255.0
interface Serial0/0/1
?link-protocol ppp
?ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.0
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
?ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0

R2
interface Serial0/0/0
?link-protocol ppp
?ip address 10.0.10.2 255.255.255.0
interface Serial0/0/3
?link-protocol ppp
?ip address 10.0.11.2 255.255.255.0

R3
interface Serial0/0/1
?link-protocol ppp
?ip address 10.0.12.2 255.255.255.0
interface Serial0/0/2
?link-protocol ppp
?ip address 10.0.11.1 255.255.255.0
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
?ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0

配置静态路由

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 Serial 0/0/1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 Serial 0/0/0
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 Serial 0/0/1
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 Serial 0/0/1

配置浮动静态路由

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 10.0.10.2 preference 100
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 10.0.11.2 preference 100

在r1上查看配置好的备份链路

[r1]dis ip routing-table protocol static
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : Static
?? ? ? ? Destinations : 1? ? ? ? Routes : 2? ? ? ? Configured Routes : 2

Static routing table status : <Active>
?? ? ? ? Destinations : 1? ? ? ? Routes : 1

Destination/Mask? ? Proto ? Pre? Cost? ? ? Flags NextHop ? ? ? ? Interface

?? 192.168.20.0/24? Static? 60 ? 0 ? ? ? ? ? D ? 10.0.12.1 ? ? ? Serial0/0/1

Static routing table status : <Inactive>
?? ? ? ? Destinations : 1? ? ? ? Routes : 1

Destination/Mask? ? Proto ? Pre? Cost? ? ? Flags NextHop ? ? ? ? Interface

?? 192.168.20.0/24? Static? 100? 0? ? ? ? ? R? ? 10.0.10.2 ? ? ? Serial0/0/0

负载均衡

负载均衡（Load sharing）能实现链路冗余，数据分流，减轻单链路负载过重；通过配置优先级和开销来实现

配置负载均衡

[r1]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 Serial 0/0/0
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 Serial 0/0/2

R1上查看负载均衡

[r1]dis ip routing-table?
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
?? ? ? ? Destinations : 11 ? ? ? Routes : 12? ? ? ?

Destination/Mask? ? Proto ? Pre? Cost? ? ? Flags NextHop ? ? ? ? Interface

? ? ? 10.0.10.0/24? Direct? 0? ? 0 ? ? ? ? ? D ? 10.0.10.1 ? ? ? Serial0/0/0
? ? ? 10.0.10.1/32? Direct? 0? ? 0 ? ? ? ? ? D ? 127.0.0.1 ? ? ? Serial0/0/0
? ? ? 10.0.10.2/32? Direct? 0? ? 0 ? ? ? ? ? D ? 10.0.10.2 ? ? ? Serial0/0/0
? ? ? 10.0.12.0/24? Direct? 0? ? 0 ? ? ? ? ? D ? 10.0.12.1 ? ? ? Serial0/0/1
? ? ? 10.0.12.1/32? Direct? 0? ? 0 ? ? ? ? ? D ? 127.0.0.1 ? ? ? Serial0/0/1
? ? ? 10.0.12.2/32? Direct? 0? ? 0 ? ? ? ? ? D ? 10.0.12.2 ? ? ? Serial0/0/1
? ? ? 127.0.0.0/8 ? Direct? 0? ? 0 ? ? ? ? ? D ? 127.0.0.1 ? ? ? InLoopBack0
? ? ? 127.0.0.1/32? Direct? 0? ? 0 ? ? ? ? ? D ? 127.0.0.1 ? ? ? InLoopBack0
?? 192.168.10.0/24? Direct? 0? ? 0 ? ? ? ? ? D ? 192.168.10.1? ? GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
?? 192.168.10.1/32? Direct? 0? ? 0 ? ? ? ? ? D ? 127.0.0.1 ? ? ? GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
?? 192.168.20.0/24? Static? 60 ? 0 ? ? ? ? ? D ? 10.0.12.1 ? ? ? Serial0/0/1
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Static? 60 ? 0 ? ? ? ? ? D ? 10.0.10.1 ? ? ? Serial0/0/0

参考HCNA网络技术实验指南