堡垒机实例以及数据库操作

Posted 2020-11-29 zhaohaiyu

开发堡垒机之前，先来学习Python的paramiko模块，该模块机遇SSH用于连接远程服务器并执行相关操作

SSHClient

用于连接远程服务器并执行基本命令

基于用户名密码连接：

 1 import paramiko
 2   
 3 # 创建SSH对象
 4 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
 5 # 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机
 6 ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
 7 # 连接服务器
 8 ssh.connect(hostname=‘c1.salt.com‘, port=22, username=‘wupeiqi‘, password=‘123‘)
 9   
10 # 执行命令
11 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(‘df‘)
12 # 获取命令结果
13 result = stdout.read()
14   
15 # 关闭连接
16 ssh.close()

View Code

 1 import paramiko
 2 
 3 transport = paramiko.Transport((‘hostname‘, 22))
 4 transport.connect(username=‘wupeiqi‘, password=‘123‘)
 5 
 6 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
 7 ssh._transport = transport
 8 
 9 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(‘df‘)
10 print stdout.read()
11 
12 transport.close()

SSHClient 封装 Transport

基于公钥密钥连接：

 1 import paramiko
 2  
 3 private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(‘/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa‘)
 4  
 5 # 创建SSH对象
 6 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
 7 # 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机
 8 ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
 9 # 连接服务器
10 ssh.connect(hostname=‘c1.salt.com‘, port=22, username=‘wupeiqi‘, key=private_key)
11  
12 # 执行命令
13 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(‘df‘)
14 # 获取命令结果
15 result = stdout.read()
16  
17 # 关闭连接
18 ssh.close()

公钥连接

 1 import paramiko
 2 
 3 private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(‘/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa‘)
 4 
 5 transport = paramiko.Transport((‘hostname‘, 22))
 6 transport.connect(username=‘wupeiqi‘, pkey=private_key)
 7 
 8 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
 9 ssh._transport = transport
10 
11 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(‘df‘)
12 
13 transport.close()

SSHClient 封装 Transport

 1 import paramiko
 2 from io import StringIO
 3 
 4 key_str = """-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
 5 MIIEpQIBAAKCAQEAq7gLsqYArAFco02/55IgNg0r7NXOtEM3qXpb/dabJ5Uyky/8
 6 NEHhFiQ7deHIRIuTW5Zb0kD6h6EBbVlUMBmwJrC2oSzySLU1w+ZNfH0PE6W6fans
 7 H80whhuc/YgP+fjiO+VR/gFcqib8Rll5UfYzf5H8uuOnDeIXGCVgyHQSmt8if1+e
 8 7hn1MVO1Lrm9Fco8ABI7dyv8/ZEwoSfh2C9rGYgA58LT1FkBRkOePbHD43xNfAYC
 9 tfLvz6LErMnwdOW4sNMEWWAWv1fsTB35PAm5CazfKzmam9n5IQXhmUNcNvmaZtvP
10 c4f4g59mdsaWNtNaY96UjOfx83Om86gmdkKcnwIDAQABAoIBAQCnDBGFJuv8aA7A
11 ZkBLe+GN815JtOyye7lIS1n2I7En3oImoUWNaJEYwwJ8+LmjxMwDCtAkR0XwbvY+
12 c+nsKPEtkjb3sAu6I148RmwWsGncSRqUaJrljOypaW9dS+GO4Ujjz3/lw1lrxSUh
13 IqVc0E7kyRW8kP3QCaNBwArYteHreZFFp6XmtKMtXaEA3saJYILxaaXlYkoRi4k8
14 S2/K8aw3ZMR4tDCOfB4o47JaeiA/e185RK3A+mLn9xTDhTdZqTQpv17/YRPcgmwz
15 zu30fhVXQT/SuI0sO+bzCO4YGoEwoBX718AWhdLJFoFq1B7k2ZEzXTAtjEXQEWm6
16 01ndU/jhAasdfasdasdfasdfa3eraszxqwefasdfadasdffsFIfAsjQb4HdkmHuC
17 OeJrJOd+CYvdEeqJJNnF6AbHyYHIECkj0Qq1kEfLOEsqzd5nDbtkKBte6M1trbjl
18 HtJ2Yb8w6o/q/6Sbj7wf/cW3LIYEdeVCjScozVcQ9R83ea05J+QOAr4nAoGBAMaq
19 UzLJfLNWZ5Qosmir2oHStFlZpxspax/ln7DlWLW4wPB4YJalSVovF2Buo8hr8X65
20 lnPiE41M+G0Z7icEXiFyDBFDCtzx0x/RmaBokLathrFtI81UCx4gQPLaSVNMlvQA
21 539GsubSrO4LpHRNGg/weZ6EqQOXvHvkUkm2bDDJAoGATytFNxen6GtC0ZT3SRQM
22 WYfasdf3xbtuykmnluiofasd2sfmjnljkt7khghmghdasSDFGQfgaFoKfaawoYeH
23 C2XasVUsVviBn8kPSLSVBPX4JUfQmA6h8HsajeVahxN1U9e0nYJ0sYDQFUMTS2t8
24 RT57+WK/0ONwTWHdu+KnaJECgYEAid/ta8LQC3p82iNAZkpWlGDSD2yb/8rH8NQg
25 9tjEryFwrbMtfX9qn+8srx06B796U3OjifstjJQNmVI0qNlsJpQK8fPwVxRxbJS/
26 pMbNICrf3sUa4sZgDOFfkeuSlgACh4cVIozDXlR59Z8Y3CoiW0uObEgvMDIfenAj
27 98pl3ZkCgYEAj/UCSni0dwX4pnKNPm6LUgiS7QvIgM3H9piyt8aipQuzBi5LUKWw
28 DlQC4Zb73nHgdREtQYYXTu7p27Bl0Gizz1sW2eSgxFU8eTh+ucfVwOXKAXKU5SeI
29 +MbuBfUYQ4if2N/BXn47+/ecf3A4KgB37Le5SbLDddwCNxGlBzbpBa0=
30 -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"""
31 
32 private_key = paramiko.RSAKey(file_obj=StringIO(key_str))
33 transport = paramiko.Transport((‘10.0.1.40‘, 22))
34 transport.connect(username=‘wupeiqi‘, pkey=private_key)
35 
36 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
37 ssh._transport = transport
38 
39 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(‘df‘)
40 result = stdout.read()
41 
42 transport.close()
43 
44 print(result)

基于私钥字符串进行连接

SFTPClient

用于连接远程服务器并执行上传下载

基于用户名密码上传下载

 1 import paramiko
 2  
 3 transport = paramiko.Transport((‘hostname‘,22))
 4 transport.connect(username=‘wupeiqi‘,password=‘123‘)
 5  
 6 sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
 7 # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
 8 sftp.put(‘/tmp/location.py‘, ‘/tmp/test.py‘)
 9 # 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path
10 sftp.get(‘remove_path‘, ‘local_path‘)
11  
12 transport.close()

View Code

基于公钥密钥上传下载

 1 import paramiko
 2  
 3 private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(‘/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa‘)
 4  
 5 transport = paramiko.Transport((‘hostname‘, 22))
 6 transport.connect(username=‘wupeiqi‘, pkey=private_key )
 7  
 8 sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
 9 # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
10 sftp.put(‘/tmp/location.py‘, ‘/tmp/test.py‘)
11 # 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path
12 sftp.get(‘remove_path‘, ‘local_path‘)
13  
14 transport.close()

View Code

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import paramiko
import uuid

class Haproxy(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.host = ‘172.16.103.191‘
        self.port = 22
        self.username = ‘wupeiqi‘
        self.pwd = ‘123‘
        self.__k = None

    def create_file(self):
        file_name = str(uuid.uuid4())
        with open(file_name,‘w‘) as f:
            f.write(‘sb‘)
        return file_name

    def run(self):
        self.connect()
        self.upload()
        self.rename()
        self.close()

    def connect(self):
        transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port))
        transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd)
        self.__transport = transport

    def close(self):

        self.__transport.close()

    def upload(self):
        # 连接，上传
        file_name = self.create_file()

        sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport)
        # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
        sftp.put(file_name, ‘/home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py‘)

    def rename(self):

        ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
        ssh._transport = self.__transport
        # 执行命令
        stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(‘mv /home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py /home/wupeiqi/ooooooooo.py‘)
        # 获取命令结果
        result = stdout.read()


ha = Haproxy()
ha.run()

Demo

堡垒机的实现 

实现思路：

堡垒机执行流程：

1. 管理员为用户在服务器上创建账号（将公钥放置服务器，或者使用用户名密码）
2. 用户登陆堡垒机，输入堡垒机用户名密码，现实当前用户管理的服务器列表
3. 用户选择服务器，并自动登陆
4. 执行操作并同时将用户操作记录

注：配置.brashrc实现ssh登陆后自动执行脚本，如：/usr/bin/python /home/wupeiqi/menu.py

实现过程

步骤一，实现用户登陆

1 import getpass
2  
3 user = raw_input(‘username:‘)
4 pwd = getpass.getpass(‘password‘)
5 if user == ‘alex‘ and pwd == ‘123‘:
6     print (‘登陆成功‘)
7 else:
8     print ‘(登陆失败‘)

步骤二，根据用户获取相关服务器列表

 1 dic = {
 2     ‘alex‘: [
 3         ‘172.16.103.189‘,
 4         ‘c10.puppet.com‘,
 5         ‘c11.puppet.com‘,
 6     ],
 7     ‘eric‘: [
 8         ‘c100.puppet.com‘,
 9     ]
10 }
11  
12 host_list = dic[‘alex‘]
13  
14 print ‘please select:‘
15 for index, item in enumerate(host_list, 1):
16     print index, item
17  
18 inp = raw_input(‘your select (No):‘)
19 inp = int(inp)
20 hostname = host_list[inp-1]
21 port = 22

步骤三，根据用户名、私钥登陆服务器

 1 tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, port,))
 2 tran.start_client()
 3 default_path = os.path.join(os.environ[‘HOME‘], ‘.ssh‘, ‘id_rsa‘)
 4 key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(default_path)
 5 tran.auth_publickey(‘wupeiqi‘, key)
 6  
 7 # 打开一个通道
 8 chan = tran.open_session()
 9 # 获取一个终端
10 chan.get_pty()
11 # 激活器
12 chan.invoke_shell()
13  
14 #########
15 # 利用sys.stdin,肆意妄为执行操作
16 # 用户在终端输入内容，并将内容发送至远程服务器
17 # 远程服务器执行命令，并将结果返回
18 # 用户终端显示内容
19 #########
20  
21 chan.close()
22 tran.close()

 1 while True:
 2     # 监视用户输入和服务器返回数据
 3     # sys.stdin 处理用户输入
 4     # chan 是之前创建的通道，用于接收服务器返回信息
 5     readable, writeable, error = select.select([chan, sys.stdin, ],[],[],1)
 6     if chan in readable:
 7         try:
 8             x = chan.recv(1024)
 9             if len(x) == 0:
10                 print ‘
*** EOF
‘,
11                 break
12             sys.stdout.write(x)
13             sys.stdout.flush()
14         except socket.timeout:
15             pass
16     if sys.stdin in readable:
17         inp = sys.stdin.readline()
18         chan.sendall(inp)

肆意妄为方式一

 1 # 获取原tty属性
 2 oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)
 3 try:
 4     # 为tty设置新属性
 5     # 默认当前tty设备属性：
 6     #   输入一行回车，执行
 7     #   CTRL+C 进程退出，遇到特殊字符，特殊处理。
 8 
 9     # 这是为原始模式，不认识所有特殊符号
10     # 放置特殊字符应用在当前终端，如此设置，将所有的用户输入均发送到远程服务器
11     tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())
12     chan.settimeout(0.0)
13 
14     while True:
15         # 监视 用户输入 和 远程服务器返回数据（socket）
16         # 阻塞，直到句柄可读
17         r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [], 1)
18         if chan in r:
19             try:
20                 x = chan.recv(1024)
21                 if len(x) == 0:
22                     print ‘
*** EOF
‘,
23                     break
24                 sys.stdout.write(x)
25                 sys.stdout.flush()
26             except socket.timeout:
27                 pass
28         if sys.stdin in r:
29             x = sys.stdin.read(1)
30             if len(x) == 0:
31                 break
32             chan.send(x)
33 
34 finally:
35     # 重新设置终端属性
36     termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)

肆意妄为方式二

 1 def windows_shell(chan):
 2     import threading
 3 
 4     sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.

")
 5 
 6     def writeall(sock):
 7         while True:
 8             data = sock.recv(256)
 9             if not data:
10                 sys.stdout.write(‘
*** EOF ***

‘)
11                 sys.stdout.flush()
12                 break
13             sys.stdout.write(data)
14             sys.stdout.flush()
15 
16     writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,))
17     writer.start()
18 
19     try:
20         while True:
21             d = sys.stdin.read(1)
22             if not d:
23                 break
24             chan.send(d)
25     except EOFError:
26         # user hit ^Z or F6
27         pass

肆意妄为方式三

注：密码验证 t.auth_password(username, pw)

详见：paramiko源码demo

数据库操作

Python 操作 mysql 模块的安装

1 linux：
2     yum install MySQL-python
3  
4 window：
5     http://files.cnblogs.com/files/wupeiqi/py-mysql-win.zip

SQL基本使用

1、数据库操作

1 show databases;
2 use [databasename];
3 create database  [name];

2、数据表操作

 1 show tables;
 2  
 3 create table students
 4     (
 5         id int  not null auto_increment primary key,
 6         name char(8) not null,
 7         sex char(4) not null,
 8         age tinyint unsigned not null,
 9         tel char(13) null default "-"
10     );

1 CREATE TABLE `wb_blog` ( 
2     `id` smallint(8) unsigned NOT NULL, 
3     `catid` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0‘, 
4     `title` varchar(80) NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘‘, 
5     `content` text NOT NULL, 
6     PRIMARY KEY (`id`), 
7     UNIQUE KEY `catename` (`catid`) 
8 ) ;

View Code

3、数据操作

1 insert into students(name,sex,age,tel) values(‘alex‘,‘man‘,18,‘151515151‘)
2  
3 delete from students where id =2;
4  
5 update students set name = ‘sb‘ where id =1;
6  
7 select * from students

4、其他

1 主键
2 外键
3 左右连接

Python MySQL API

一、插入数据

 1 import MySQLdb
 2   
 3 conn = MySQLdb.connect(host=‘127.0.0.1‘,user=‘root‘,passwd=‘1234‘,db=‘mydb‘)
 4   
 5 cur = conn.cursor()
 6   
 7 reCount = cur.execute(‘insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)‘,(‘alex‘,‘usa‘))
 8 # reCount = cur.execute(‘insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%(id)s, %(name)s)‘,{‘id‘:12345,‘name‘:‘wupeiqi‘})
 9   
10 conn.commit()
11   
12 cur.close()
13 conn.close()
14   
15 print reCount

 1 import MySQLdb
 2 
 3 conn = MySQLdb.connect(host=‘127.0.0.1‘,user=‘root‘,passwd=‘1234‘,db=‘mydb‘)
 4 
 5 cur = conn.cursor()
 6 
 7 li =[
 8      (‘alex‘,‘usa‘),
 9      (‘sb‘,‘usa‘),
10 ]
11 reCount = cur.executemany(‘insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)‘,li)
12 
13 conn.commit()
14 cur.close()
15 conn.close()
16 
17 print reCount

批量插入数据

注意：cur.lastrowid

二、删除数据

 1 import MySQLdb
 2  
 3 conn = MySQLdb.connect(host=‘127.0.0.1‘,user=‘root‘,passwd=‘1234‘,db=‘mydb‘)
 4  
 5 cur = conn.cursor()
 6  
 7 reCount = cur.execute(‘delete from UserInfo‘)
 8  
 9 conn.commit()
10  
11 cur.close()
12 conn.close()
13  
14 print reCount

三、修改数据

 1 import MySQLdb
 2  
 3 conn = MySQLdb.connect(host=‘127.0.0.1‘,user=‘root‘,passwd=‘1234‘,db=‘mydb‘)
 4  
 5 cur = conn.cursor()
 6  
 7 reCount = cur.execute(‘update UserInfo set Name = %s‘,(‘alin‘,))
 8  
 9 conn.commit()
10 cur.close()
11 conn.close()
12  
13 print reCount

四、查数据

 1 # ############################## fetchone/fetchmany(num)  ##############################
 2  
 3 import MySQLdb
 4  
 5 conn = MySQLdb.connect(host=‘127.0.0.1‘,user=‘root‘,passwd=‘1234‘,db=‘mydb‘)
 6 cur = conn.cursor()
 7  
 8 reCount = cur.execute(‘select * from UserInfo‘)
 9  
10 print cur.fetchone()
11 print cur.fetchone()
12 cur.scroll(-1,mode=‘relative‘)
13 print cur.fetchone()
14 print cur.fetchone()
15 cur.scroll(0,mode=‘absolute‘)
16 print cur.fetchone()
17 print cur.fetchone()
18  
19 cur.close()
20 conn.close()
21  
22 print reCount
23  
24  
25  
26 # ############################## fetchall  ##############################
27  
28 import MySQLdb
29  
30 conn = MySQLdb.connect(host=‘127.0.0.1‘,user=‘root‘,passwd=‘1234‘,db=‘mydb‘)
31 #cur = conn.cursor(cursorclass = MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor)
32 cur = conn.cursor()
33  
34 reCount = cur.execute(‘select Name,Address from UserInfo‘)
35  
36 nRet = cur.fetchall()
37  
38 cur.close()
39 conn.close()
40  
41 print reCount
42 print nRet
43 for i in nRet:
44     print i[0],i[1]