对Shell几个冷知识的总结(IFS,数组,替换,分割,查找)

Posted 2020-09-23

IFS:

对IFS的用处直接进行说明，详细IFS是干什么的...自行谷歌

首先创建一个 "a a"，和"a"的文件:

然后我们 ls查看一下：

--> ls
a  a a

是这种。

然后假如我们须要写脚本操作每个文件：

--> for i in $(ls); do echo "$i" ;done
a
a
a

可是结果确实这种，显然与我们的要求不符

由于IFS的值是空格，制表符。回车。所以这里把a a变成了2个a

可是我们改动了IFS以后例如以下：

--> OldIfs=$IFS;IFS=$‘\n‘;for i in $(ls); do echo "$i" ;done ;IFS=$OldIfs
a
a a

嗯，这样就达到了我们的目的，这个时候是以‘\n‘为切割符

数组：

一个脚本进行说明：

#!/bin/bash

# *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
#  > Author: xiaojunyu/LunaW
#  > Mail  : [email protected] 
#  > Gmail : [email protected] 
#  > Blog  : http://blog.csdn.net/lunaw
#  > Web   : http://lunaw.org http://lunaw.net
# *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*

# DEPENDS:=+libsqlite3 +libcurl +libpthread +libc
# 默认选择的包
SelectPackages=(
"sed"
"gawk"
"grep"
"bc"
"luci-lib-json"
"iperf"
"tc"
"restorefactory"
"xinetd"
"n2n"
)
# 默认不选择的包 优先级强于选择的包
UnSelectPackages=(
"horst"
"vim-full"
"vim-runtime"
"qos-scripts"
"wifidog"
"libcurl"
"curl"
"tc"
"sqlite3-cli"
"libsqlite3"
)
if [[ -f .config ]]; then
    for Name in `seq 1 ${#SelectPackages[*]}`
    do
        PackageName="CONFIG_PACKAGE_${SelectPackages[$(expr $Name - 1)]}"
        if [[ `cat .config| grep "${PackageName}=y"| wc -l` == 0 ]]; then
            echo -e "\e[01;31mNot Found (${PackageName}=y) "
            if [[ `cat .config| grep "# ${PackageName} is not set"| wc -l` == 1 ]]; then
                echo -e "\e[01;33mFound (# ${PackageName} is not set) "
                sed -i "s/# ${PackageName} is not set/${PackageName}=y/g" .config
                echo -e "\e[01;36mReplace (${PackageName}=y) done!"
            else
                echo -e "\e[01;31mNot Found (# ${PackageName} is not set) "
                echo "${PackageName}=y" >> .config
                echo -e "\e[01;36mAdd (${PackageName}=y) done!"
            fi
        else
            echo -e "\e[01;33mFound (${PackageName}=y) "
        fi
    done
    echo "--------------------------------------"
    for Name in `seq 1 ${#UnSelectPackages[*]}`
    do
        PackageName="CONFIG_PACKAGE_${UnSelectPackages[$(expr $Name - 1)]}"
        if [[ `cat .config| grep "# ${PackageName} is not set"| wc -l` == 0 ]]; then
            echo -e "\e[01;31mNot Found (# ${PackageName} is not set) "
            if [[ `cat .config| grep "${PackageName}=y"| wc -l` == 1 ]]; then
                echo -e "\e[01;33mFound (${PackageName}=y) "
                sed -i "s/${PackageName}=y/# ${PackageName} is not set/g" .config
                echo -e "\e[01;36mReplace (# ${PackageName} is not set) done!"
            else
                echo -e "\e[01;31mNot Found (${PackageName}=y) "
                echo "# ${PackageName} is not set" >> .config
                echo -e "\e[01;36mAdd (# ${PackageName} is not set) done!"
            fi
        else
            echo -e "\e[01;33mFound (# ${PackageName} is not set) "
        fi
    done
else
    echo -e "\e[01;31mNot Found .config"
fi
echo -e "\e[01;00m+---------------------------------+"
echo -e "\e[01;00m|  不用操心，这仅仅是选择了几个包!  |"
echo -e "\e[01;00m+---------------------------------+"
sleep 1

替换：

单一替换

--> XiaoName="xiaojunyu"; echo "${XiaoName/x/j}"
jiaojunyu

所有替换

--> XiaoName="xiaojunyu"; echo "${XiaoName//u/a}"
xiaojanya

删除

--> XiaoName="xiaojunyu"; echo "${XiaoName//u/}"
xiaojny

分割：

有几种方法。第一种：

XiaoCh="xiao;jun;yu"                                                                                                                     
for i in ${XiaoCh//;/ }                                                                                                                  
do                                                                                                                                       
    echo "$i"                                                                                                                            
done 

输出：

xiao
jun
yu

可是假如是这种话：

XiaoCh="xiao;j un;yu"                                                                                                                    
for i in ${XiaoCh//;/ }                                                                                                                  
do                                                                                                                                       
    echo "$i"                                                                                                                            
done 

输出：

xiao
j
un
yu

并非我们预料的那样。然后另外一种切割方法

IFS法：

XiaoCh="xiao;j un;yu"                                                                                                                    
OldIFS=$IFS                                                                                                                            
IFS=$‘;‘                                                                                                                               
XiaoArr=($XiaoCh)                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                         
for i in ${XiaoArr[@]}                                                                                                                   
do                                                                                                                                       
    echo "$i"                                                                                                                            
done                                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                         
IFS=$OldIFS

输出：

xiao
j un
yu

查找：

查找一个字符串是否包括还有一个字符串

--> XiaoA="abc"; XiaoB="a"; [[ "${XiaoA/${XiaoB}/}" == "$XiaoA" ]] && echo "No" || echo "Yes"
Yes

--> XiaoA="abc"; XiaoB="w"; [[ "${XiaoA/${XiaoB}/}" == "$XiaoA" ]] && echo "No" || echo "Yes"
No