测试工具Wiremock介绍
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WireMock是一个开源的测试工具,支持HTTP响应存根、请求验证、代理/拦截、记录和回放。最直接的用法:
- 为Web/移动应用构建Mock Service
- 快速创建Web API原型
- 模拟Web Service中错误返回
- 录制HTTP请求和回放
一般开发项目都会把前端组和Service组分开,当进度不一致时,可以根据接口构建Mock Service对和模拟不同输入/数据/场景,这样不至于影响两组的开发进度。构建Mock Service方法很多,node.js大概五句代码,另一测试工具soapUI也可做到,同时还可以对Service进行功能/性能测试,功能齐全。Wiremock好在轻便,一个jar包基本够用了,当然,也可以把它引用写进测试代码里。
官网地址:http://wiremock.org/
Jar下载:http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/github/tomakehurst/wiremock/1.57/wiremock-1.57-standalone.jar
Mock Service
下载后,在命令行中运行:(需要java JDK环境)
java -jar wiremock-1.57-standalone.jar –port 9999 --verbose
(不指定端口默认为8080; 开启日志:--verbose。更多参数,请至:http://wiremock.org/running-standalone.html。 把命令放在bat文件中比较方便)
启动后在同目录下生成两个空的文件夹:__files和mappings。__files是放上传/下载/录制文件用的,mappings放你想要的Service返回数据和Url mapping.
在mappings文件夹下随便创建一个*.json文件:
(注意,添加修改mapping文件后,都需要重启服务才能生效)
{ "request": { "method": "GET", "url": "/api/mytest" }, "response": { "status": 200, "body": "More content " } }
在Fiddler/浏览器/curl命令调用: http://localhost:9999/api/mytest
这是一个HTTP GET的例子,还可以在response中自定义返回的头headers:
"response": { "status": 200, "body": "Hello world!", "headers": { "Content-Type": "text/plain" } }
HTTP方法支持GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD, TRACE, OPTIONS等,自定义头、数据模板(bodyPatterns,如下例,如不符合,抛出404错误),URL Template,Query参数匹配,显示指定文件内容等。
如以下例子:
POST: http://localhost:9999/api/products
{ "request": { "method": "POST", "url": "/api/products", "bodyPatterns": [ {"equalToJson" : "{ "name": "new product", "creator": "tester", "createTime": "2015-09-07" }", "jsonCompareMode": "LENIENT"} ] }, "response": { "status": 201, "body": "Add successfully.", "headers":{ "x-token":"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" } } }
PUT: http://localhost:9999/api/products/1
{ "request": { "method": "PUT", "url": "/api/products/1", "bodyPatterns": [ {"equalToJson" : "{ "id": 1, "name": "new product", "creator": "tester", "createTime": "2015-09-07" }", "jsonCompareMode": "LENIENT"} ] }, "response": { "status": 200, "body": "Update successfully.", "headers":{ "x-token":" xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" } } }
DELETE: http://localhost:9999/api/products/1
{ "request": { "method": "DELETE", "url": "/api/products/1" }, "response": { "status": 204, "headers":{ "x-token":" xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" } } }
URL Matching: http://localhost:9999/api/products/1(2/3...)
{ "request": { "method": "GET", "urlPattern": "/api/products/[0-9]+" }, "response": { "status": 200 } }
Query参数匹配:http://localhost:9999/api/products?search=china
{ "request": { "method": "GET", "urlPath": "/api/products", "queryParameters": { "search": { "contains": "chin" } } }, "response": { "status": 200, "headers":{ "Content-Type": "application/json"}, "body": "{ "id": 7, "name": "shan zai", "from":"China" },{ "id": 7, "name": "shan zai", "from":"China(RPC)" }" } }
返回文件内容:http://localhost:9999/file/1
{ "request": { "method": "GET", "url": "/file/1" }, "response": { "status": 200, "bodyFileName": "test.xml"(或:”xmlfiles/test.xml”) } }
(在__files文件夹下建好所调文件,路径为相对__files文件夹。)
有时文件内容过长也会报错,此时在response headers可延长设置 "Content-Length" : "935",
模拟错误
{ "request" : { "url" : "/unknown.html", "method" : "GET" }, "response" : { "status" : 404, "headers" : { "Content-Type" : "text/html; charset=utf-8" } } }
{ "request": { "method": "GET", "url": "/fault" }, "response": { "fault": "MALFORMED_RESPONSE_CHUNK" } }
录制HTTP请求及回放
Wiremock的录制过程是启动一个代理服务,截取HTTP请求和响应,在mappings文件夹中创建一json文件记录下请求地址和响应概要,在__files文件夹下创建一文件包含响应内容;当重启Standalone进程时,那些记录下的请求响应就会作为Mock Service生成。
启动录制服务:
java -jar wiremock-1.57-standalone.jar --proxy-all="http://localhost:7777" --record-mappings –verbose
默认的代理服务端口是8080,即之后发向http://localhost:7777的请求,可以用http://localhst:8080/来代理。
代理前:
代理后:
录制记录:
生成mapping文件和响应内容文件:
{ "request" : { "url" : "/test.aspx", "method" : "GET" }, "response" : { "status" : 200, "bodyFileName" : "body-test.aspx-WK0fD.json", "headers" : { "Cache-Control" : "private", "Content-Type" : "text/html; charset=utf-8", "Server" : "Microsoft-IIS/7.5", "X-AspNet-Version" : "2.0.50727", "X-Powered-By" : "ASP.NET", "Date" : "Tue, 08 Sep 2015 03:14:36 GMT", "Content-Length" : "61" } } }
录制完重启服务,验证刚才录制的请求是否生效:
更多的功能,如集成到测试代码、场景模拟(比较接近于真实的情景),请参阅官网:http://wiremock.org/
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