drf 视图的三种继承

Posted 2020-11-26 yzm1017

视图的方法(继承)

• 第一种：原始APIView

  需要自己写get/post方法。

  url(r'^login/$',account.LoginView.as_view()),

  from rest_framework.views import APIView
  from rest_framework.response import Response
  from rest_framework_jwt.settings import api_settings
  from rest_framework.throttling import AnonRateThrottle
  from api import models
  
  
  class LoginView(APIView):
      authentication_classes = []
      def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
          # 1.根据用户名和密码检测用户是否可以登录
          user = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=request.data.get('username'),password=request.data.get('password')).first()
          if not user:
              return Response({'code':10001,'error':'用户名或密码错误'})
  
          # 2. 根据user对象生成payload（中间值的数据）
          jwt_payload_handler = api_settings.JWT_PAYLOAD_HANDLER
          payload = jwt_payload_handler(user)
  
          # 3. 构造前面数据，base64加密；中间数据base64加密；前两段拼接然后做hs256加密（加盐），再做base64加密。生成token
          jwt_encode_handler = api_settings.JWT_ENCODE_HANDLER
          token = jwt_encode_handler(payload)
          return Response({'code': 10000, 'data': token})

• 第二种：ListAPIView(多个数据的get)、RetrieveAPIView(单个数据的get)、CreateAPIView(post)、DestroyAPIView(delete)、UpdateAPIView（put/patch）等。不需手写getpost等方法。

  url(r'^article/$',article.ArticleView.as_view()),
  url(r'^article/(?P<pk>d+)/$',article.ArticleDetailView.as_view()),

  from rest_framework.throttling import AnonRateThrottle
  from rest_framework.response import Response
  from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView, RetrieveAPIView
  from api import models
  from api.serializer.article import ArticleSerializer,ArticleDetailSerializer
  
  class ArticleView(ListAPIView):
      """文章列表"""
      authentication_classes = []
      # throttle_classes = [AnonRateThrottle,]
  
      queryset = models.Article.objects.all()
      serializer_class = ArticleSerializer
  
  class ArticleDetailView(RetrieveAPIView):
      """单个文章"""
      authentication_classes = []
      queryset = models.Article.objects.all()
      serializer_class = ArticleDetailSerializer

• 第三种：ListModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin,CreateModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin等。它们内部都有自己对应的方法。

  需要在路由开始写对应关系。

  路由：

  url(r'^article/$',article.ArticleView.as_view({"get":'list','post':'create'})),
  
  url(r'^article/(?P<pk>d+)/$',article.ArticleView.as_view({'get':'retrieve','put':'update','patch':'partial_update','delete':'destroy'}))

  视图：

  from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet
  from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin,CreateModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin
  from api.serializer.article import ArticleSerializer,ArticleDetailSerializer
  
  class ArticleView(GenericViewSet,ListModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin,):
      """获取文章列表以及单条文章"""
      authentication_classes = []
      throttle_classes = [AnonRateThrottle,]
  
      queryset = models.Article.objects.all()
      serializer_class = None
  
      def get_serializer_class(self):
          pk = self.kwargs.get('pk')
          if pk:
              return ArticleDetailSerializer
          return ArticleSerializer
  

  总结：

  APIView,只提供了基础的功能，有版本、认证、权限、节流等功能，但没有增删改查的功能；
  ListAPIView等, 继承APIView,提供增删改查的功能，不用自己写get/post方法；
  ListModelMixin等, 路由就需发生变化，传参数{"get":‘list‘}，表示是get方式，并且是list方法。这样就可以将 获取多个(列表)和获取一个 放在一个类里。