三看 分析法之： 看动词，找宾语

Posted 2020-11-26 davirain

1. 看动词，找宾语

2. 看连词，找宾语

3. 看介词，找宾语

 

1.英语动词的逻辑结构

 

2.动词宾语的位置特征

 

安德鲁 卡内基 （Andrew Carnegie):

The man who dies rich dies disgraced（丢人的，耻辱的）. 连词后面的是从句 （wh- 是连词）

一个人死的是还很有钱，是很耻辱的。

 

Andrew Carnegie , one of the first great capitalists(众多当中的一个), said more than a century ago （一个世纪以前）that “ the man who dies rich dies disgraced ”, In other words, there is nothing wrong with codly applying the logic of self-interest to make yourself rich , but you have to give it away before you die.

 

He ran away quickly.（这里是状语，修饰ran ）

He died rich.(rich adj )

rich: 这里是主语的补足语

a. He died. 一元结构

b. He died a rich man . (主语补足语，a rich man 修饰的是 He ) he 和 a rich man 是指一个人 一元结构

He was a rich man when he died.

c He killed a rich man.  (这里的he 和rich man 是两个人） 二元结构

Elizabeth Taylor died a beloved idol.

died可以看做等号，是一个系动词，可以当做是be动词（等于be动词加额外意思）

动词的最基本的逻辑结构分类：

1 不及物动词(VI)

2 及物动词（VT)

3 系动词（Linking V)

1. 系动词当时是be动词加额外的意思， 2，系动词是一个桥梁的作用，3，相当于一个等号

P3–8 中级教程。

She acted foolish. foolish 是修饰she的特征，acted描述的是心里特征。 这个act是系动词

She acted foolishly. foolishly 修饰acted 的动作，这个动作真傻。 这里的act是不及物动词

 

Michelle Obama acts foolishly on stage at White House.

It is human nature to think wisely and act foolishly.

 

动词最基本的逻辑结构分类：

He grew very angry. 系动词

He grew lots of flowers in his garden. 种水稻 及物

The flowers grew well in his garden. 不及物 长得好

He has really grown since I last saw him 不及物

Don’t grow old; grow up. 及物， 不及物

Growing old is mandatory, whereas growing up is optional. 及物， 不及物

 

She is smelling the flowers. 主语有意识的发出的动作，动作的过程，可以用进行时

Can you smell something？ 动作结果，动作结果不是有意识的，不能用进行时，被动接受，闻到这个结果，不能用于进行时态。

The flowers smell good。是人smell 系动词

I’ve got a cold and I can’t smell 。嗅觉能力

Your feet smell. 不及物

 

动词最基本的逻辑结构分类; 重要理念：

实际上，这三种动词之间是可以互相转化的，换句话说，某个动词可能同时具有不及物动词，及物动词，和系动词这三种用法。区别只是，某个动词的某种用法是常见，最典型的，而别的用法相对少见而以。

例子： BE be 动词

Be 这里是不及物动词

The saddest thing in life is when you meetthat special someone and you know it will never be and sooner or later, you’ll have to let go.

生活中最难过的莫过于当你遇上一个很特别的人，却明白永远不可能，或迟或早，你都不得不放弃。

someone nice/famous/spacial: 通常都是这样的结构

I’ve invited someone special that I want you to meet.

It hurt so badly he wished to cease to be. 干脆死了算了。

what was , ought to be, was是不及物动词

Made

She made a good cake. 及物动词 做了一个蛋糕 二元结构

She made John a good cake. 三元结构 为谁做了一个蛋糕 接双宾语

She made John a good husband. 二元结构 John was a good husband 加宾语加宾补

I’m sure you will make me a goog teacher. 同上

I’m sure you will make a good teacher. 这里做系动词

I’m sure you will make a good couple

 

MIT has offered a program(提供了一个课程) （that is ）called(做后置定语) OpenCourseWare for ten years that makes materials from more than 2,000 classes free online.

make 宾语 宾语补足语

 

 

Her love died, She loved me. She gave me a kiss. She made me happy. She is lovable.

 

不只是谓语动词：

1 非谓

2 非谓宾

3 非谓双宾

4 非谓宾宾补

5 非谓主补

 

There is no better award than(否定加比较级，表示最高级) giving every individual when is willing, who is willing, enthusiastic and  able to contribute successfully to a job, the dignity of employment in mainstrean world.

 

Widely acknowleged(分词结构， 广泛的认为) as a great and importan playwright, Eugene O’Noil brought to thr United States stage it （指代不清楚）was probably its first really serious drama.（独立的陈述句）

bring sth to

brought __to 没有it  （it was probably it first really serious drama.)

变为what 引导的从句  what was probably it first realy serious drama.

Widely acknowleged(分词结构， 广泛的认为) as a great and importan playwright, Eugene O’Noil brought to thr United States stage (5/8) what was probably its first really serious drama.（独立的陈述句）

添加what was probably 很可能的这个意味

 

尾重原则 :

priciple of End – weight

PEW

 

Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was afficted with a heart truouble , great care was taken to her ( to her 是动词的补足语)break to her as gently as possible(adj )  the news of her husband’s death.(名词短语)

break sth…..

break the new

 

一个孤立的名词短语只能有三种情况：

句中名词短语的逻辑语义关系：

1 同位语：

my uncle, my mother’s brother, …

2 介词宾语：

名词短语充当介词的宾语

3 动词宾语

brought to the stage its first drama.（名词短语）

 

take great care 小心

 

介词的搭配：

1 动词 ： bring X to Y

2 名词： attenon to

3 形容词 ： aware of sth

 

Be gentle to all and stern with yourself.

 

His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

逗号的添加与什么有关：

先行词的内容， 和定语从句的内容。

重要的是理解背后的逻辑关系。

先行词表示泛指，需要加上逗号。

 

the 有三种用法，泛指， 特指， 定指， 不定指，

 

in as obvious a manner as possible

in a manner

in an obvious manner

 

as … as possible (as gently as possible)

 

as (这个as是副词） +adj + a(n) + noun + as (这个as 是连词）

as 是副词， 副词必须修饰的是形容词， 所以这里的adj出现在了n的前面

 

in as obvius an manner as  possible (adj)

 

so patient a techer

too patient a teacher

how patient a teacher

as patient a teacher as …

as a patient teacer