ansible-playbook项目

Posted 2020-11-26 yizhangheka

目录

• 一、基础环境（所有主机）
• 二、应用环境
  • 　BACKUP
  • NFS
  • WEB

我叫张贺，贪财好色。一名合格的LINUX运维工程师，专注于LINUX的学习和研究，曾负责某中型企业的网站运维工作，爱好佛学和跑步。
个人博客：传送阵
笔者微信：zhanghe15069028807，非诚勿扰。

playbook项目的整体思路应该是这样的，先写基础环境，把服务器都要做的事先做完，然后针对每一台服务器做要做的事情。

我们就做一个简单的项目，web+NFS+backup，首先肯定是定义主机清单和推送公钥，详细过程已经在上一个博客内阐述过了，这里不再讲了。

一、基础环境（所有主机）

基础环境用来把所有服务器的基本环境准备好，那应该做哪些事呢？

仓库源

常用软件 wget，tree，net-tool，rsync，nfs-utils

关闭防火墙

调整sshd服务

关闭防火墙和selinux

准备备份的脚本，设定定时任务

//专门创建写playbook的文件夹，然后再创建存放各种配置文件的文件夹
[root@ansible ~]# mkdir -p /etc/ansible/playbook/files
[root@ansible ansible]# ls
ansible.cfg  hosts  playbook  roles

[root@ansible playbook]# cat base.yml 
---
- hosts: all
  remote_user: root
  tasks:

    - name: Add Base Yum Repository
      yum_repository:
        name: base
        description: Base Aliyun Repository
        baseurl: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
        gpgcheck: yes
        gpgkey: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

    - name: Add Epel Yum Repository
      yum_repository:
        name: epel
        description: Epel Aliyun Repository
        baseurl: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/$basearch
        gpgcheck: no

    - name: Installled Packages
      yum: name={{ item }} state=present
      with_items:
        - rsync
        - nfs-utils

    - name: Stop Firewalld Service
      service: name=firewalld state=stopped enabled=no

    - name: Disable Selinx
      selinux: state=disabled

    - name: Config SSH Server
      copy: src=/etc/ansible/playbook/files/sshd.template dest=/etc/ssh/sshd_config
      notify: Restart SSHD Server

    - name: Add Group WWW
      group: name=www gid=666

    - name: ADD User WWW
      user: name=www uid=666 group=www create_home=no shell=/sbin/nologin

    - name: Copy Rsync Backup Scripts
      copy: src=./files/push_data_rsync.sh dest=/server/scripts/ mode=755
      when: (ansible_hostname != "BACKUP")

    - name: Configure Crontab
      cron:
        name: Rsync Backup 
        minute: 00
        hour: 01 
        job: /bin/bash /server/scripts/push_data_rsync.sh &>/dev/null
      when: (ansible_hostname != "BACKUP")


  handlers:
    - name: Restart SSHD Server
      service: name=sshd state=restarted

[root@ansible scripts]# cat push_data_rsync.sh 
#第一步，定义变量
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
Host=$(hostname)
Ip=$(hostname -I | cut -d' ' -f1)
Date=$(date +%F)
Dest=${Host}_${Ip}_${Date}
Path=/backup

#第二步，创建备份的目录
[ -d /backup ] || mkdir /backup

#第三步，打包压缩保存到/backup目录里面
mkdir -p $Path/$Dest &>/dev/null
cd / && [ -f $Path/$Dest/sys.tar.gz ] || tar czf $Path/$Dest/sys.tar.gz etc/hosts etc/fstab var/spool/cron/root && [ -f $Path/$Dest/other.tar.gz ] || tar czf $Path/$Dest/other.tar.gz server/scripts/  && [ -f $Path/$Dest/flag ] || md5sum $Path/$Dest/*.tar.gz > $Path/$Dest/flag && 
#第四步，定义rsync密码，将$path目录里面的文件推送到服务器的path模块当中
export RSYNC_PASSWORD=1
rsync -avz $Path/ rsync_backup@192.168.80.200::backup

#第五步，仅保存最近七天的数据
find $Path -type f -mtime +7 | xargs rm -f

[root@ansible ~]cat /etc/ansible/playbook/files/sshd.template
#   $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.100 2016/08/15 12:32:04 naddy Exp $

# This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file.  See
# sshd_config(5) for more information.

# This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin

# The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with
# OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where
# possible, but leave them commented.  Uncommented options override the
# default value.

# If you want to change the port on a SELinux system, you have to tell
# SELinux about this change.
# semanage port -a -t ssh_port_t -p tcp #PORTNUMBER
#
#Port 22
#AddressFamily any
#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
#ListenAddress ::

HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key

# Ciphers and keying
#RekeyLimit default none

# Logging
#SyslogFacility AUTH
SyslogFacility AUTHPRIV
#LogLevel INFO

# Authentication:

#LoginGraceTime 2m
#PermitRootLogin yes
#StrictModes yes
#MaxAuthTries 6
#MaxSessions 10

#PubkeyAuthentication yes

# The default is to check both .ssh/authorized_keys and .ssh/authorized_keys2
# but this is overridden so installations will only check .ssh/authorized_keys
AuthorizedKeysFile  .ssh/authorized_keys

#AuthorizedPrincipalsFile none

#AuthorizedKeysCommand none
#AuthorizedKeysCommandUser nobody

# For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts
#HostbasedAuthentication no
# Change to yes if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for
# HostbasedAuthentication
#IgnoreUserKnownHosts no
# Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files
#IgnoreRhosts yes

# To disable tunneled clear text passwords, change to no here!
#PasswordAuthentication yes
#PermitEmptyPasswords no
PasswordAuthentication yes

# Change to no to disable s/key passwords
#ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no

# Kerberos options
#KerberosAuthentication no
#KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes
#KerberosTicketCleanup yes
#KerberosGetAFSToken no
#KerberosUseKuserok yes

# GSSAPI options
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
GSSAPICleanupCredentials no
#GSSAPIStrictAcceptorCheck yes
#GSSAPIKeyExchange no
#GSSAPIEnablek5users no

# Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing,
# and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will
# be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and
# PasswordAuthentication.  Depending on your PAM configuration,
# PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass
# the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".
# If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without
# PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication
# and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.
# WARNING: 'UsePAM no' is not supported in Red Hat Enterprise Linux and may cause several
# problems.
UsePAM yes

#AllowAgentForwarding yes
#AllowTcpForwarding yes
#GatewayPorts no
X11Forwarding yes
#X11DisplayOffset 10
#X11UseLocalhost yes
#PermitTTY yes
#PrintMotd yes
#PrintLastLog yes
#TCPKeepAlive yes
#UseLogin no
#UsePrivilegeSeparation sandbox
#PermitUserEnvironment no
#Compression delayed
#ClientAliveInterval 0
#ClientAliveCountMax 3
#ShowPatchLevel no
#UseDNS yes
#PidFile /var/run/sshd.pid
#MaxStartups 10:30:100
#PermitTunnel no
#ChrootDirectory none
#VersionAddendum none

# no default banner path
#Banner none

# Accept locale-related environment variables
AcceptEnv LANG LC_CTYPE LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_COLLATE LC_MONETARY LC_MESSAGES
AcceptEnv LC_PAPER LC_NAME LC_ADDRESS LC_TELEPHONE LC_MEASUREMENT
AcceptEnv LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_ALL LANGUAGE
AcceptEnv XMODIFIERS

# override default of no subsystems
Subsystem   sftp    /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server

# Example of overriding settings on a per-user basis
#Match User anoncvs
#   X11Forwarding no
#   AllowTcpForwarding no
#   PermitTTY no
#   ForceCommand cvs server

二、应用环境

　BACKUP

[root@ansible playbook]# cat rsync.yml
---
 - hosts: backup
   remote_user: root
   tasks:

    - name: Install rsync
      yum: name=rsync state=present

    - name: Configure Rsync Server
      copy: src={{ item.src }} dest={{ item.dest }} mode={{ item.mode }}
      with_items:
        - {src: '/etc/ansible/playbook/files/rsyncd.conf.template',dest: '/etc/rsyncd.conf',mode: '0644'}
        - {src: '/etc/ansible/playbook/files/rsyncd.pass.template',dest: '/etc/rsync.passwd',mode: '0600'}
      notify: Restart Rsyncd Server

    - name: Create Directory
      file: path={{ item }} state=directory mode=755 owner=www group=www
      with_items:
        - /backup
        - /data

    - name: Service Rsync Server
      service: name=rsyncd state=started enabled=yes

    - name: Output Rsync Status
      shell: ss -tnlp | grep rsync
      register: Rsync_Status
      ignore_errors: yes

    - name: Print Rsync Status
      debug: msg={{ Rsync_Status.stdout_lines }}

   handlers:
     - name: Restart Rsyncd Server
       service: name=rsyncd state=restarted

／／rsyncd.conf.template

# /etc/rsyncd: configuration file for rsync daemon mode

# See rsyncd.conf man page for more options.

# configuration example:

# uid = nobody
# gid = nobody
# use chroot = yes
# max connections = 4
# pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid
# exclude = lost+found/
# transfer logging = yes
# timeout = 900
# ignore nonreadable = yes
# dont compress   = *.gz *.tgz *.zip *.z *.Z *.rpm *.deb *.bz2

# [ftp]
#        path = /home/ftp
#        comment = ftp export area
uid = www
gid = www
port = 873 
fake super = yes
use chroot = no
max connections = 200
timeout = 600
ignore errors
read only = false
list = false
auth users = rsync_backup
secrets file = /etc/rsync.passwd
log file = /var/log/rsync.log
[backup]
comment = welcome!
path = /backup
[data]
comment = welcome!
path = /data

／／etc/ansible/playbook/files/rsyncd.pass.template
rsync_backup:1

NFS

[root@ansible playbook]# cat nfs.yml
---
 - hosts: nfs
   remote_user: root
   vars:
     - nfs_dir: /data
     - nfs_ip: 192.168.80.0/24
     - nfs_id: 666
   tasks:

    - name: Install NFS Server
      yum: name=nfs-utils state=present

    - name: Configure nfs Server
      template: src=/etc/ansible/playbook/files/exports.template dest=/etc/exports
      notify: Restart Nfs Server

    - name: Create Directory
      file: path={{ nfs_dir }} state=directory mode=755 owner=www group=www recurse=yes

    - name: Start NFS  Server
      service: name=nfs-server state=started enabled=yes

    - name: Output Rsync Status
      shell: ps aux | grep nfs
      register: Nfs_Status
      ignore_errors: yes

    - name: Print Nfs Status
      debug: msg={{ Nfs_Status.stdout_lines }}

   handlers:
     - name: Restart Nfs Server
       service: name=nfs-server state=restarted

[root@ansible files]# cat exports.template 
{{ nfs_dir }} {{ nfs_ip }}(rw,all_squash,anonuid={{ nfs_id }},anongid={{ nfs_id }})

WEB

[root@mail playbook]# cat web.yml 
---
 - hosts: web
   remote_user: root
   vars:
     - httpd_port: 80
     - mount_dir: /var/www/html
     - httpd_user: www
   tasks:
   
    - name: Install Httpd
      yum: name=httpd state=present
  
    - name: Configure Httpd
      template: src=./files/httpd.conf.template dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
      notify: Restart Httpd
      
    - name: Start Httpd
      service: name=httpd state=restarted enabled=yes
      
    - name: Show Httpd Status
      shell: ss -tnlp | grep httpd
      register: httpd_status
      ignore_errors: yes
      
    - name: Output Httpd Status
      debug: msg={{ httpd_status.stdout_lines }}
      
    - name: Mount Nfs 
      mount: path={{ mount_dir }} src=192.168.80.188::data fstype=nfs state=mounted opts=defaults
     
   handlers:
    - name: Restart Httpd
      service: name=httpd state=restarted
  

#
# This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file.  It contains the
# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.
# See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/> for detailed information.
# In particular, see 
# <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/directives.html>
# for a discussion of each configuration directive.
#
# Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding
# what they do.  They're here only as hints or reminders.  If you are unsure
# consult the online docs. You have been warned.  
#
# Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many
# of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the
# server will use that explicit path.  If the filenames do *not* begin
# with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so 'log/access_log'
# with ServerRoot set to '/www' will be interpreted by the
# server as '/www/log/access_log', where as '/log/access_log' will be
# interpreted as '/log/access_log'.

#
# ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's
# configuration, error, and log files are kept.
#
# Do not add a slash at the end of the directory path.  If you point
# ServerRoot at a non-local disk, be sure to specify a local disk on the
# Mutex directive, if file-based mutexes are used.  If you wish to share the
# same ServerRoot for multiple httpd daemons, you will need to change at
# least PidFile.
#
ServerRoot "/etc/httpd"

#
# Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or
# ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost>
# directive.
#
# Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to 
# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
#
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen {{ httpd_port  }}

#
# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
#
# To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you
# have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the
# directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.
# Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need
# to be loaded here.
#
# Example:
# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so
#
Include conf.modules.d/*.conf

#
# If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run
# httpd as root initially and it will switch.  
#
# User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as.
# It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for
# running httpd, as with most system services.
#
User apache
Group apache

# 'Main' server configuration
#
# The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main'
# server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a
# <VirtualHost> definition.  These values also provide defaults for
# any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file.
#
# All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers,
# in which case these default settings will be overridden for the
# virtual host being defined.
#

#
# ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be
# e-mailed.  This address appears on some server-generated pages, such
# as error documents.  e.g. [e-mail]
#
ServerAdmin root@localhost

#
# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify
# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.
#
# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
#
#ServerName www.example.com:80

#
# Deny access to the entirety of your server's filesystem. You must
# explicitly permit access to web content directories in other 
# <Directory> blocks below.
#
<Directory />
    AllowOverride none
    Require all denied
</Directory>

#
# Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow
# particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as
# you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it
# below.
#

#
# DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your
# documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but
# symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.
#
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"

#
# Relax access to content within /var/www.
#
<Directory "/var/www">
    AllowOverride None
    # Allow open access:
    Require all granted
</Directory>

# Further relax access to the default document root:
<Directory "/var/www/html">
    #
    # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",
    # or any combination of:
    #   Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
    #
    # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"
    # doesn't give it to you.
    #
    # The Options directive is both complicated and important.  Please see
    # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#options
    # for more information.
    #
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks

    #
    # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.
    # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:
    #   Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
    #
    AllowOverride None

    #
    # Controls who can get stuff from this server.
    #
    Require all granted
</Directory>

#
# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
# is requested.
#
<IfModule dir_module>
    DirectoryIndex index.html
</IfModule>

#
# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being 
# viewed by Web clients. 
#
<Files ".ht*">
    Require all denied
</Files>

#
# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.
# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost>
# container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be
# logged here.  If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost>
# container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.
#
ErrorLog "logs/error_log"

#
# LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log.
# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
# alert, emerg.
#
LogLevel warn

<IfModule log_config_module>
    #
    # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
    # a CustomLog directive (see below).
    #
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t "%r" %>s %b "%{Referer}i" "%{User-Agent}i"" combined
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t "%r" %>s %b" common

    <IfModule logio_module>
      # You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O
      LogFormat "%h %l %u %t "%r" %>s %b "%{Referer}i" "%{User-Agent}i" %I %O" combinedio
    </IfModule>

    #
    # The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format).
    # If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost>
    # container, they will be logged here.  Contrariwise, if you *do*
    # define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be
    # logged therein and *not* in this file.
    #
    #CustomLog "logs/access_log" common

    #
    # If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information
    # (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive.
    #
    CustomLog "logs/access_log" combined
</IfModule>

<IfModule alias_module>
    #
    # Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to 
    # exist in your server's namespace, but do not anymore. The client 
    # will make a new request for the document at its new location.
    # Example:
    # Redirect permanent /foo http://www.example.com/bar

    #
    # Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to
    # access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot.
    # Example:
    # Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path
    #
    # If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will
    # require it to be present in the URL.  You will also likely
    # need to provide a <Directory> section to allow access to
    # the filesystem path.

    #
    # ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts. 
    # ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that
    # documents in the target directory are treated as applications and
    # run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the
    # client.  The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias
    # directives as to Alias.
    #
    ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"

</IfModule>

#
# "/var/www/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased
# CGI directory exists, if you have that configured.
#
<Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin">
    AllowOverride None
    Options None
    Require all granted
</Directory>

<IfModule mime_module>
    #
    # TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from
    # filename extension to MIME-type.
    #
    TypesConfig /etc/mime.types

    #
    # AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration
    # file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types.
    #
    #AddType application/x-gzip .tgz
    #
    # AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress
    # information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this.
    #
    #AddEncoding x-compress .Z
    #AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz
    #
    # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you
    # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:
    #
    AddType application/x-compress .Z
    AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz

    #
    # AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers":
    # actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server
    # or added with the Action directive (see below)
    #
    # To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories:
    # (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.)
    #
    #AddHandler cgi-script .cgi

    # For type maps (negotiated resources):
    #AddHandler type-map var

    #
    # Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client.
    #
    # To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI):
    # (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.)
    #
    AddType text/html .shtml
    AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml
</IfModule>

#
# Specify a default charset for all content served; this enables
# interpretation of all content as UTF-8 by default.  To use the 
# default browser choice (ISO-8859-1), or to allow the META tags
# in HTML content to override this choice, comment out this
# directive:
#
AddDefaultCharset UTF-8

<IfModule mime_magic_module>
    #
    # The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the
    # contents of the file itself to determine its type.  The MIMEMagicFile
    # directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located.
    #
    MIMEMagicFile conf/magic
</IfModule>

#
# Customizable error responses come in three flavors:
# 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects
#
# Some examples:
#ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo."
#ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html
#ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl"
#ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html
#

#
# EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it, 
# memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall may be used to deliver
# files.  This usually improves server performance, but must
# be turned off when serving from networked-mounted 
# filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise
# broken on your system.
# Defaults if commented: EnableMMAP On, EnableSendfile Off
#
#EnableMMAP off
EnableSendfile on

# Supplemental configuration
#
# Load config files in the "/etc/httpd/conf.d" directory, if any.
IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf