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Posted 2020-11-26 job123

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LAMP环境搭建与配置

　　　　技术图片

安装：

一定要去官网下载更完整，无修改，无病毒，无后门

安装mysql

解压 tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.43-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

移动位置 mv mysql-5.6.43-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

创建用户 useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql

创建存放数据库文件的目录 mkdir -p /data/mysql

更改权限 chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql

安装 ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql

所遇问题:

1.-bash: ./scripts/mysql_install_db: /usr/bin/perl: bad interpreter: No such file or directory

yum -y install perl-Module-Install

2.Installing MySQL system tables..../bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1:

cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

yum -y install libaio.so libaio-devel

配置

复制配置文件 cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

修改文件 vim /etc/my.conf

[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql
# port = .....
# server_id = .....
# socket = .....

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

复制启动脚本修改属性 cp support -files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

修改脚本的权限 chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

修改脚本 vim /etc/init.d/mysqld

找到datadir 改为 datadir = /data/mysql

把 mysqld 服务添加到系统服务列表中 chkconfig --add mysqld

设置开机自启 chkconfig mysqld on

启动 mysqld 服务 service mysqld start

Starting MySQL.Logging to ‘/data/mysql/tangtao.err‘.

. SUCCESS!

验证

ps aux |grep mysqld

netstat -lnp|grep 3306

安装apache

httpd是依赖apr和apr-util，不安装就无法工作

安装apr

解压tar -zxvf apr-1.6.5.tar.gz

编译 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr

安装 make && make install

安装apr-util

解压tar-zxvf apr-util-1.6.5.tar.gz

编译./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr

安装 make && make install

安装httpd

解压 tar -zxvf httpd-2.4.39.tar.gz

编译 ./configure--with-apr = /usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr util--enable-so --enable-mods-shared=most

错误问题 configure: error: pcre-config for libpcre not found. PCRE is required and available from http://pcre.org/
解 yum -y install pcre-devel pcre

安装 make && make instal

安装php

解压tar -zxvf php-5.6.36.tar.gz

编译./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-bz2 --with-openssl --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-mbstring --enable-sockets --enable-exif

错误-解决

configure: error: xml2-config not found. Please check your libxml2 installation.

yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel

configure: error: Cannot find OpenSSL‘s <evp.h>

yum -y install openssl openssl-devel

configure: error: Please reinstall the BZip2 distribution

yum -y install bzip2 bzip2-devel

configure: error: jpeglib.h not found

yum -y install libjpeg libjpeg-devel

configure: error: png.h not found.

yum -y install libpng-devel libpng

configure: error: freetype-config not found.

yum -y install freetype freetype-devel

configure: error: mcrypt.h not found. Please reinstall libmcrypt.

yum -y install epel-release

yum -y install libmcrypt-devel

安装make && make install

复制配置文件cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini配置httpd支持php

vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

搜索ServerName

将这行的#号去掉ServerName www.example.com:80

将<Directory />

AllowOverride none

Require all denied

</Directory>

改为<Directory />

AllowOverride none

Require all granted

</Directory>

在AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz下
添加这一行AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

将<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html index.html
</IfModule>

改为<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html index.php
</IfModule>

测试LAMP是否成功

启动httpd之前先检测配置文件是否正确

使用curl命令测试

技术图片

测试是否正常解析PHP

编写一个脚本

vim /usr/local/apache2/htodcs/1.php

<?php

echo localhost"php解析正常"

curl localhost/1.php

php解析正常

配置默认虚拟主机

vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extart/httpd-vhosts.conf

<VirtualHost *:80> 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　--限制虚拟主机80端口
ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-hiost.examp.com　　　
DocumentRoot "/data/wwwroot/147.com"　　　　　　　　 --根目录
ServerName 147.com　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 --网站的域名
ServerAlias www.147.com　　　　　　　　　　　　　 --第二个域名可以在后面加多个用空格分开
ErrorLog "logs/147.com-error_log"　　　　　　　　　　　--错误日志
CustomLog "logs/147.com-access_log" common　　　　 --访问日志
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot "/data/wwwroot/www.258.com"
ServerName www.258.com
<Directory /data/wwwroot/www.258.com>
</VirtualHost>

测试/usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t

Syntax OK

重新加载 /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -graceful

创建网站根目录并创建 index.html文件

mkdir -p /data/wwwroot/147.com

mkdir -p /data/wwwroot/www.258.com

echo "147.com" >/data/wwwroot/147.com/index.html 网站默认的主页就是index.html

echo "258.com" >/data/wwwroot/www.258.com/index.html

测试/usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t

Syntax OK

重新加载 /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -graceful

curl -x127.0.0.1:80+网址会去访问

技术图片

用户认证

vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extart/httpd-vhosts.conf

配置为：

<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot "/data/wwwroot/www.258.com"
ServerName www.258.com
<Directory /data/wwwroot/www.258.com> --指定的目录
AllowOverride AuthConfig　　　　　　　　--打开认证的开关
AuthName "258.com user auth"　　　　　 --自定义的名字
AuthType Basic　　　　　　　　　　　　 --认证的类型
AuthUserFile /data/.htpasswd　　　　　　 --指定密码文件位置
require valid-user　　　　　　　　　　　 --指定需要认证的用户为全部可用用户
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>

创建密码 /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/htpasswd -cm /data/.htpasswd

htpasswd为创建用户的工具 -c是创建 -m加密方式为MD5

测试重新加载

完成后去真实电脑修改hosts文件 C :WindowsSystem32driversetchosts

浏览器访问www.258.com

配置域名跳转

<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot "/data/wwwroot/www.258.com"
ServerName www.258.com
ServerAlias 258.com
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www.258.com$
RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ http://www.258.com/$1 [R=301,L]
</IfModule>
</VirtualHost>

测试重新加载文件

查看是否有加载 rewrite 模块/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -M |grep rewrite

没有输出需要配置rewrite 模块在vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf --搜索rewrite

#LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so去掉#

再次检测有输出 rewrite_module (shared)

curl测试

curl -x127.0.0.1:80 -I 258.com

HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently

Date: Tue, 24 Dec 2019 02:17:50 GMT

Server: Apache/2.4.39 (Unix) PHP/5.6.36

Location: http://www.258.com/

Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

配置访问日志

vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

DocumentRoot "/data/wwwroot/www.258.com"

ServerName www.258.com

ServerAlias 258.com

RewriteEngine On

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www.258.com$

RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ http://www.258.com/$1 [R=301,L]

</IfModule>

CustomLog "logs/www.258.com-access_log" combined

</VirtualHost>

测试重新加载

查看 tail /usr/local/apache2/logs/www.258.com-access_log

<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot "/data/wwwroot/www.258.com"
ServerName www.258.com
<Directory /data/wwwroot/www.258.com>
</VirtualHost>
/usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot "/data/wwwroot/www.258.com"
ServerName www.258.com
ServerAlias 258.com
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www.258.com$
RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ http://www.258.com/$1 [R=301,L]
</IfModule>
SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*.gif$" img
SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*.jpg$" img
SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*.png$" img
SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*.bmp$" img
SetEnvIf Request_URI ".swf$" img
SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*.js$" img
SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*.css$" img
CustomLog "|/usr/local/apache2/bin/rotatelogs -l logs/www.258.com-access_%Y%m%d.log 86400" combined env=!image-request
</VirtualHost>

测试重新加载

创建 jpg与txt测试

touch /data/wwwroot/www.258.com/1.jpg

touch /data/wwwroot/www.258.com/1.txt

curl -x127.0.0.1:80 -I www.258.com/1.jpg

curl -x127.0.0.1:80 -I www.258.com/1.txt

tail /usr/local/apache2/logs/www.258.com-access_20191224.log

127.0.0.1 - - [24/Dec/2019:09:13:33 +0800] "HEAD HTTP://258.com/ HTTP/1.1" 301 - "-" "curl/7.29.0"

127.0.0.1 - - [24/Dec/2019:09:07:44 +0800] "GET HTTP://www.258.com/ 1.php HTTP/1.1" 200 "-" "curl/7.29.0

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