ansible批量管理服务入门

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2020-01-17

此为ansible批量管理服务的第1个博客，发布博客为ansible批量管理服务入门

 

 

 

 

 

综合架构（二）——ansible批量管理服务

 

 

 

一ansible批量管理服务功能


01.可以实现批量系统操作配置
02.可以实现批量软件服务部署
03.可以实现批量文件数据分发
04.可以实现批量系统信息收集，资产管理

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

二ansible批量管理服务特点


01.管理端不需要启动服务程序（no server）
02.管理端不需要编写配置文件（/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg）
03.受控端不需要安装软件程序（libselinux-python）
04.受控端不需要启动服务程序（no agent）
05.服务程序管理操作模块众多（module）
06.利用剧本编写来实现自动化（playbook）

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

三批量管理软件安装部暑过程

 

[root@manager ~]# yum install   -y ansible
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base                                                   | 3.6 kB     00:00     
epel                                                   | 5.4 kB     00:00     
extras                                                 | 2.9 kB     00:00     
updates                                                | 2.9 kB     00:00     
(1/2): epel/x86_64/updateinfo                            | 1.0 MB   00:01     
(2/2): epel/x86_64/primary_db                            | 6.9 MB   00:02     
Package ansible-2.9.2-1.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
Nothing to do

 



 

 

 

涉及到的组件非常多

[root@manager ~]# rpm  -ql  ansible   |  wc
  17280   17280 1446145
[root@manager ~]# rpm  -ql  ansible   |  head
/etc/ansible
/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
/etc/ansible/hosts
/etc/ansible/roles
/usr/bin/ansible
/usr/bin/ansible-2
/usr/bin/ansible-2.7
/usr/bin/ansible-config
/usr/bin/ansible-connection
/usr/bin/ansible-console
[root@manager ~]# rpm  -ql  ansible   |  tail
/usr/share/doc/ansible-2.9.2/README.rst
/usr/share/man/man1/ansible-config.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/ansible-console.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/ansible-doc.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/ansible-galaxy.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/ansible-inventory.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/ansible-playbook.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/ansible-pull.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/ansible-vault.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/ansible.1.gz
[root@manager ~]#

 

 

 

 

 

 

查看ansible的版本

版本很重要，因为有些服务的版本可能隔一段时间就会发生变化，相关的功能也会变化

[root@manager ~]# ansible  --version
ansible 2.9.2
  config file = /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
  configured module search path = [u‘/root/.ansible/plugins/modules‘, u‘/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules‘]
  ansible python module location = /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ansible
  executable location = /usr/bin/ansible
  python version = 2.7.5 (default, Oct 30 2018, 23:45:53) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36)]

 

 

 

 

 

注意只能使用长格式查看

[root@manager ~]# ansible  -V
usage: ansible [-h] [--version] [-v] [-b] [--become-method BECOME_METHOD]
               [--become-user BECOME_USER] [-K] [-i INVENTORY] [--list-hosts]
               [-l SUBSET] [-P POLL_INTERVAL] [-B SECONDS] [-o] [-t TREE] [-k]
               [--private-key PRIVATE_KEY_FILE] [-u REMOTE_USER]
               [-c CONNECTION] [-T TIMEOUT]
               [--ssh-common-args SSH_COMMON_ARGS]
               [--sftp-extra-args SFTP_EXTRA_ARGS]
               [--scp-extra-args SCP_EXTRA_ARGS]
               [--ssh-extra-args SSH_EXTRA_ARGS] [-C] [--syntax-check] [-D]
               [-e EXTRA_VARS] [--vault-id VAULT_IDS]
               [--ask-vault-pass | --vault-password-file VAULT_PASSWORD_FILES]
               [-f FORKS] [-M MODULE_PATH] [--playbook-dir BASEDIR]
               [-a MODULE_ARGS] [-m MODULE_NAME]
               pattern
ansible: error: too few arguments
[root@manager ~]# ansible  -v
usage: ansible [-h] [--version] [-v] [-b] [--become-method BECOME_METHOD]
               [--become-user BECOME_USER] [-K] [-i INVENTORY] [--list-hosts]
               [-l SUBSET] [-P POLL_INTERVAL] [-B SECONDS] [-o] [-t TREE] [-k]
               [--private-key PRIVATE_KEY_FILE] [-u REMOTE_USER]
               [-c CONNECTION] [-T TIMEOUT]
               [--ssh-common-args SSH_COMMON_ARGS]
               [--sftp-extra-args SFTP_EXTRA_ARGS]
               [--scp-extra-args SCP_EXTRA_ARGS]
               [--ssh-extra-args SSH_EXTRA_ARGS] [-C] [--syntax-check] [-D]
               [-e EXTRA_VARS] [--vault-id VAULT_IDS]
               [--ask-vault-pass | --vault-password-file VAULT_PASSWORD_FILES]
               [-f FORKS] [-M MODULE_PATH] [--playbook-dir BASEDIR]
               [-a MODULE_ARGS] [-m MODULE_NAME]
               pattern
ansible: error: too few arguments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 ansible软件学习说明:
1) 掌握ansible主机清单配置:  指定ansible程序可以批量管理哪些主机
       https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/user_guide/intro_inventory.html
2) 掌握ansible常用功能模块:  实现批量管理功能模块
       https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/modules/modules_by_category.html
3) 掌握ansible剧本编写方法:  实现自动化批量管理功能
       https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/user_guide/playbooks.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

四网站主机清单配置

 

 

（一）方式一：直接在配置文件/etc/ansible/hosts写入主机地址

[root@manager ~]# tail  /etc/ansible/hosts

# Here‘s another example of host ranges, this time there are no
# leading 0s:

## db-[99:101]-node.example.com

172.16.1.7
172.16.1.8
172.16.1.31
172.16.1.41

 

 

 

 

 

 

m表示module

[root@manager ~]# ansible  --help  |  grep  "-m "
               [-a MODULE_ARGS] [-m MODULE_NAME]
  -m MODULE_NAME, --module-name MODULE_NAME

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

在命令行检测

ping 模块：测试主机之间的连通性

参考：https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/modules/ping_module.html#ping-module

[root@manager ~]# ansible  all -m  ping
172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
172.16.1.7 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}

 

 

 

 

 

 

[root@manager ~]# ansible   172.16.1.8  -m    ping
172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
[root@manager ~]# ansible   172.16.1.7  -m    ping
172.16.1.7 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
[root@manager ~]# ansible   172.16.1.31  -m    ping
172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
[root@manager ~]# ansible   172.16.1.41  -m    ping
172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
[root@manager ~]#

 

 

 

 

 

注意命令的顺序不能写错的

[root@manager ~]# ansible  -m  172.16.1.7 ping
[WARNING]: Could not match supplied host pattern, ignoring: ping

[WARNING]: No hosts matched, nothing to do

[root@manager ~]# ansible  -m  172.16.1.8   ping
[WARNING]: Could not match supplied host pattern, ignoring: ping

[WARNING]: No hosts matched, nothing to do

[root@manager ~]#

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

（二）方式二：基于密码方式进行配置

 

参考官网，比较麻烦

把公钥删除，这是在受控端没有管理端的公钥的情况下配置的

 

 

 

以备份服务器为受控端

[root@nfs01 ~]# ip  a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:b9:d6:60 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.0.31/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::d2e4:6879:ac85:c625/64 scope link tentative noprefixroute dadfailed 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::8c8d:c31b:a121:ca62/64 scope link tentative noprefixroute dadfailed 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::9d5f:63cb:4c46:8ce7/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:b9:d6:6a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.16.1.31/24 brd 172.16.1.255 scope global noprefixroute eth1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::e654:55e2:8c88:ecfb/64 scope link tentative noprefixroute dadfailed 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::5e65:529b:4fae:7fc3/64 scope link tentative noprefixroute dadfailed 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::787b:a3a1:ead:b12e/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

 

[root@nfs01 ~]# ls  /root/.ssh/
authorized_keys
[root@nfs01 ~]# ll  /root/.ssh/
-bash: ll: command not found
[root@nfs01 ~]# ls  -l  /root/.ssh/  
total 4
-rw------- 1 root root 394 Jan 16 22:47 authorized_keys
[root@nfs01 ~]# cat  /root/.ssh/authorized_keys 
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDhE06kiM6UKlnZqGPBahZuAgq+LHdSssZrInWpkecC5buh2RRzl2NOiXCWNhEIwNgIJjLGsnITrTOyRsOel94oUYHR4iSPPhAe8yVuTZA8fS9ti1goIKt6/UYhi6bbNmFiqWPlSq1EIgpNvlWaDjHIchdIHR/lbgP3Wjg2PPI2QtzR5/SZJOI0g/GTJw1FDGXpYUlz608YTo79tl15zUAGT5rLiu5ugXY28HGQbPru5xA+BQZyzKu4jInllM8WzLimpFb7WX8HagwSU2S/Hx2+HSzEbMHXqz0tm8WbQogEO78gv0cJ6USq8vyc1ueq/Jn27gDu3ygPXtcSCn0XKpZJ root@manager

 

 

 

 

 

 

[root@manager ~]# tail -1  /etc/ansible/hosts 
172.16.1.31
[root@manager ~]#  ansible  172.16.1.31 -m  ping
172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

删除受控端的管理端对应的公钥

[root@nfs01 ~]# rm  -f  /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
[root@nfs01 ~]# ls  /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
ls: cannot access /root/.ssh/authorized_keys: No such file or directory

 

 

 

 

 

此时管理端要输入密码才可以登录到受控端

[root@manager ~]# ssh  172.16.1.31
root@172.16.1.31‘s password: 
Last login: Sun Jan 26 17:30:17 2020 from 172.16.1.61
[root@nfs01 ~]# exit 
logout
Connection to 172.16.1.31 closed.

 

 

 

 

 

修改配置文件并且进行

[root@manager ~]# tail -1  /etc/ansible/hosts 
172.16.1.31  ansible_user=root  ansible_password=123456  ansible_port=22
[root@manager ~]#  ansible  172.16.1.31 -m  ping
172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}

 

 

 

 

 技术图片

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

（三）方式三: 采用主机组方式配置

 

分组进行操作，和班级进行分组管理一样，管理起来更加方便

[root@manager ~]# tail  /etc/ansible/hosts

## db-[99:101]-node.example.com

[web]
172.16.1.7
172.16.1.8
[nfs]
172.16.1.31
[backup]
172.16.1.41

 

 

 

 

执行命令

[root@manager ~]# ansible   web  -m    ping
172.16.1.7 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
[root@manager ~]# ansible   nfs  -m    ping
172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
[root@manager ~]# ansible   backup  -m    ping
172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

主机子组配置，对组进行管理

[root@manager ~]# tail   -15   /etc/ansible/hosts
# leading 0s:

## db-[99:101]-node.example.com

[client:children]
web
nfs
backup
[web]
172.16.1.7
172.16.1.8
[nfs]
172.16.1.31
[backup]
172.16.1.41

 

 

 

 

 

 执行命令

[root@manager ~]# ansible   client   -m    ping
172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
172.16.1.7 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

（四）方式四：采用匹配方式配置主机信息

 

 [7:20]表示IP地址最后一位为7到20的主机

[root@manager ~]# tail  -1    /etc/ansible/hosts
172.16.1.[7:20]

 

 

 

 

执行命令

31，41没有匹配

[root@manager ~]# ansible   172.16.1.7  -m    ping
172.16.1.7 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
[root@manager ~]# ansible   172.16.1.8  -m    ping
172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
[root@manager ~]# ansible   172.16.1.31  -m    ping
[WARNING]: Could not match supplied host pattern, ignoring: 172.16.1.31

[WARNING]: No hosts matched, nothing to do

[root@manager ~]# ansible   172.16.1.41  -m    ping
[WARNING]: Could not match supplied host pattern, ignoring: 172.16.1.41

[WARNING]: No hosts matched, nothing to do

 

 

 

 

 

 

[root@manager ~]# tail  -1    /etc/ansible/hosts
172.16.1.[1:20]
[root@manager ~]# ansible   172.16.1.7  -m    ping
172.16.1.7 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
[root@manager ~]# ansible   172.16.1.8  -m    ping
172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
[root@manager ~]# ansible   172.16.1.31  -m    ping
[WARNING]: Could not match supplied host pattern, ignoring: 172.16.1.31

[WARNING]: No hosts matched, nothing to do

[root@manager ~]# ansible   172.16.1.41  -m    ping
[WARNING]: Could not match supplied host pattern, ignoring: 172.16.1.41

[WARNING]: No hosts matched, nothing to do

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

五批量管理服务应用方法


批量管理命令语法结构:

ansible      管理主机信息/主机组信息    -m    模块名称    -a     "模块参数"

[root@manager ~]# tail     /etc/ansible/hosts

# Here‘s another example of host ranges, this time there are no
# leading 0s:

## db-[99:101]-node.example.com
[client]
172.16.1.7
172.16.1.8
172.16.1.31
172.16.1.41

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

（一）command模块 (默认)

[root@manager ~]# ansible client  -a  "free -h"
172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           972M        138M        591M        7.7M        242M        651M
Swap:          1.5G          0B        1.5G

172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           972M        140M        642M        7.7M        189M        647M
Swap:          1.5G          0B        1.5G

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           972M        136M        673M        7.7M        162M        665M
Swap:          1.5G          0B        1.5G

172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           972M        140M        662M        7.7M        169M        657M
Swap:          1.5G          0B        1.5G

 

 

 

 

 

 

[root@manager ~]# ansible client -m  shell   -a  "rm  -rf  /tmp/*"
[WARNING]: Consider using the file module with state=absent rather than running
‘rm‘.  If you need to use command because file is insufficient you can add ‘warn:
false‘ to this command task or set ‘command_warnings=False‘ in ansible.cfg to get
rid of this message.

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


[root@manager ~]# ansible client -m  shell   -a  "ls  /tmp/*"
172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
ansible_command_payload.zip

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
ansible_command_payload.zip

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
ansible_command_payload.zip

172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
ansible_command_payload.zip

 

 

 

 

 

 

[root@manager ~]# ansible client -m  command   -a  "pwd"
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/root

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/root

172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/root

172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/root

 

 

 

 

 

 

模块参数:chdir:  在执行批量管理命令时, 先进行目录切换        

[root@manager ~]# ansible   client  -m   command   -a  "chdir=/tmp pwd"
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/tmp

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/tmp

172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/tmp

172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/tmp

 

 

 

 

 

 

creates: 判断指定文件是否存在, 如果不存在,就执行后面命令；存在就不执行后面命令

 

和判断语句类似

[root@manager ~]# ansible client -m  command   -a  "creates=/tmp/happy.txt  touch /tmp/happy.txt"
[WARNING]: Consider using the file module with state=touch rather than running
‘touch‘.  If you need to use command because file is insufficient you can add ‘warn:
false‘ to this command task or set ‘command_warnings=False‘ in ansible.cfg to get
rid of this message.

172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[root@manager ~]# ansible client -m  command   -a  "chdir=/tmp ls"
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
ansible_command_payload_dKZhze
happy.txt

172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
ansible_command_payload_0Y2P6b
happy.txt

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
ansible_command_payload_sagI1X
happy.txt

172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
ansible_command_payload_1XAqCp
happy.txt

 

 

 

 

 

 

再次执行会跳过了

[root@manager ~]# ansible client -m  command   -a  "creates=/tmp/happy.txt  touch /tmp/happy.txt"
172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
skipped, since /tmp/happy.txt exists

172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
skipped, since /tmp/happy.txt exists

172.16.1.7 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
skipped, since /tmp/happy.txt exists

172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
skipped, since /tmp/happy.txt exists

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

批量执行脚本


第一个步骤：编写脚本
第二个步骤：将脚本推送到被管理主机上
第三个步骤：将脚本文件权限进行设置
第四个步骤：批量执行脚本

 

 

 

 

 

 https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/modules/shell_module.html#shell-module

 

（二）shell模块（万能模块）

 

作用说明：批量执行命令，可以识别特殊符号

 

[root@manager ~]#  ansible-doc   --help |  grep  "-s"
                   [-j] [-F | -l | -s | --metadata-dump]
                        prepend colon-separated path(s) to module library (def
  -s, --snippet         Show playbook snippet for specified plugin(s)

 

 

 

 

 

 

[root@manager ~]# ansible-doc -s  shell
- name: Execute shell commands on targets
  shell:
      chdir:                 # Change into this directory before running the
                               command.
      cmd:                   # The command to run followed by optional
                               arguments.
      creates:               # A filename, when it already exists, this step
                               will *not* be
                               run.
      executable:            # Change the shell used to execute the command.
                               This expects an
                               absolute path to
                               the executable.
      free_form:             # The shell module takes a free form command to
                               run, as a string.
                               There is no
                               actual parameter
                               named ‘free
                               form‘. See the
                               examples on how
                               to use this
                               module.
      removes:               # A filename, when it does not exist, this step
                               will *not* be
                               run.
      stdin:                 # Set the stdin of the command directly to the
                               specified value.
      stdin_add_newline:     # Whether to append a newline to stdin data.
      warn:                  # Whether to enable task warnings.
(END)

 

 

 

 

 

 

把管理端的脚本传输到受控端的目录里面

先查看目录是否存在

[root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -m  shell  -a  "ls  -d  /shell_scripts"
172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/shell_scripts

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/shell_scripts

172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/shell_scripts

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/shell_scripts

 

 

 

 

 

 

正式进行文件传输

[root@manager ~]# time   ansible  client  -m  copy    -a  ‘src=/shell_scripts/install.sh  dest=/shell_scripts‘
172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "checksum": "d8930d18657635c362456d4e25091679006031e8", 
    "dest": "/shell_scripts/install.sh", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0755", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "path": "/shell_scripts/install.sh", 
    "size": 36, 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
172.16.1.7 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "checksum": "d8930d18657635c362456d4e25091679006031e8", 
    "dest": "/shell_scripts/install.sh", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "path": "/shell_scripts/install.sh", 
    "size": 36, 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "checksum": "d8930d18657635c362456d4e25091679006031e8", 
    "dest": "/shell_scripts/install.sh", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0755", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "path": "/shell_scripts/install.sh", 
    "size": 36, 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "checksum": "d8930d18657635c362456d4e25091679006031e8", 
    "dest": "/shell_scripts/install.sh", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "path": "/shell_scripts/install.sh", 
    "size": 36, 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}

real    0m3.154s
user    0m1.955s
sys    0m1.333s

 

 

 

 

 

 

查看脚本文件的属性

注意无法省略-，否则会报错

[root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -a  "ll    /shell_scripts/install.sh"
172.16.1.41 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
[Errno 2] No such file or directory

172.16.1.31 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
[Errno 2] No such file or directory

172.16.1.7 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
[Errno 2] No such file or directory

172.16.1.8 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
[Errno 2] No such file or directory

[root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -a  "ls  -l    /shell_scripts/install.sh"
172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 27 19:25 /shell_scripts/install.sh

172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 36 Jan 17 18:10 /shell_scripts/install.sh

172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 27 19:14 /shell_scripts/install.sh

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 36 Jan 17 18:10 /shell_scripts/install.sh

 

 

 

 

 

给文件添加可执行的权限

[root@manager ~]#  ansible client  -m  shell  -a  ‘chmod +x  /shell_scripts/install.sh‘
[WARNING]: Consider using the file module with mode rather than running
‘chmod‘.  If you need to use command because file is insufficient you can add
‘warn: false‘ to this command task or set ‘command_warnings=False‘ in
ansible.cfg to get rid of this message.

172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


[root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -a  "ls  -l    /shell_scripts/install.sh"
172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 36 Jan 27 19:14 /shell_scripts/install.sh

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 36 Jan 27 19:25 /shell_scripts/install.sh

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 36 Jan 17 18:10 /shell_scripts/install.sh

172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 36 Jan 17 18:10 /shell_scripts/install.sh

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

（三）script模块


作用说明: 批量执行脚本模块
使用方法: 编写脚本，批量执行脚本
[root@manager ~]#  ansible client   -m   shell    -a  "rpm  -qa  iftop"
[WARNING]: Consider using the yum, dnf or zypper module rather than running
‘rpm‘.  If you need to use command because yum, dnf or zypper is insufficient
you can add ‘warn: false‘ to this command task or set ‘command_warnings=False‘
in ansible.cfg to get rid of this message.

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

 

 
 
 
[root@manager ~]# cat  /shell_scripts/install.sh
#!/bin/bash
yum install  -y  iftop

 

 

 

 

 

 

安装软件

注意可以把安装过程放到黑洞里面

[root@manager ~]#  ansible client   -m   shell    -a  "yum  install  -y  iftop"  &>/dev/null

 

 

 

 

 
 

查看安装结果

 
可以在前面显示用时时间
[root@manager ~]# time   ansible client   -m   shell    -a  "rpm  -qa  iftop"
[WARNING]: Consider using the yum, dnf or zypper module rather than running
‘rpm‘.  If you need to use command because yum, dnf or zypper is insufficient
you can add ‘warn: false‘ to this command task or set ‘command_warnings=False‘
in ansible.cfg to get rid of this message.

172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
iftop-1.0-0.21.pre4.el7.x86_64

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
iftop-1.0-0.21.pre4.el7.x86_64

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
iftop-1.0-0.21.pre4.el7.x86_64

172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
iftop-1.0-0.21.pre4.el7.x86_64


real    0m3.081s
user    0m1.559s
sys    0m0.966s

 

 

 
 
[root@manager ~]# ansible  client   -m  shell   -a   "/shell_scripts/install.sh" |  grep  "installed"
Package iftop-1.0-0.21.pre4.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package iftop-1.0-0.21.pre4.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package iftop-1.0-0.21.pre4.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package iftop-1.0-0.21.pre4.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version

 

 
 
 
 

 

 

（四）copy模块


作用说明：
1）将管理主机数据批量分发到被管理主机上
2）将被管理主机数据进行备份

 

 

将数据进行批量分发

查看文件是否存在

[root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -m  shell  -a  "ls  /etc/selinux/config"
172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/etc/selinux/config

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/etc/selinux/config

172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/etc/selinux/config

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/etc/selinux/config

 

 

 

 

 

执行过程不显示，因为内容太多了

[root@manager ~]# ansible client   -m   copy   -a   "src=/etc/selinux/config  dest=/opt"   &>/dev/null

 

 

 

 

[root@manager ~]# ansible client      -a   "ls  /opt/config"
172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/opt/config

172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/opt/config

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/opt/config

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/opt/config

 

 

 

 

[root@manager ~]# ansible client   -m   shell   -a   "ls  /opt/config"  
172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/opt/config

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/opt/config

172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/opt/config

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/opt/config

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

对受控端的主机数据做备份


模块参数：
backup：在批量传输文件之前，对源文件进行备份

注意不建议使用backup模块进行批量备份和还原，因为不能批量还原数据

mode:     批量分发文件时, 修改文件权限信息
owner:    批量分发文件时, 修改文件属主信息
group:    批量分发文件时, 修改文件属组信息


 

 

 

 

backup：在批量传输文件之前，对源文件进行备份

 

查看受控端目录的内容

[root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -m  shell  -a  "rm  -rf /opt/*"
[WARNING]: Consider using the file module with state=absent rather than running
‘rm‘.  If you need to use command because file is insufficient you can add
‘warn: false‘ to this command task or set ‘command_warnings=False‘ in
ansible.cfg to get rid of this message.

172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


[root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -m  shell  -a  "ls /opt"
172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

 

 

 

 

 

 

把管道端的文件传输到受控端

[root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    copy    -a  "src=/tmp/hahha.txt  dest=/opt"

 

 

 

 

已经成功传输到受控端

[root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    copy    -a  "src=/tmp/hahha.txt  dest=/opt"  &>/dev/null  && echo  $?
0

 

 

 

 

[root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "ls  -l   /opt"  
172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 hahha.txt

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 hahha.txt

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 hahha.txt

172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 hahha.txt

 

 

 

 

 

 

在管理端对同名文件的内容进行修改

[root@manager ~]# ls  /tmp/hahha.txt 
/tmp/hahha.txt
[root@manager ~]# ll  /tmp/hahha.txt 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 27 20:20 /tmp/hahha.txt
[root@manager ~]# cat   /tmp/hahha.txt 
hahhahah
hahhahah
hahhahah
hahhahah
[root@manager ~]# vim  /tmp/hahha.txt
hahhahah
wuwuwuwu
hahhahah
wuwuwuwu
hahhahah
xixixixi
hahhahah
hehehehe
~                                                                             
~                                                                             
~                                                                             
~                                                                             
~                                                                             
~                                                                             
~                                                                             
~                                                                             
"/tmp/hahha.txt" 8L, 72C written                            
[root@manager ~]# cat   /tmp/hahha.txt 
hahhahah
wuwuwuwu
hahhahah
wuwuwuwu
hahhahah
xixixixi
hahhahah
hehehehe
[root@manager ~]# ll  /tmp/hahha.txt 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:29 /tmp/hahha.txt

 

 

 

 

 

 

再次对同名文件进行远程传输，传输到受控端并且进行备份

[root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    copy    -a  "src=/tmp/hahha.txt  dest=/opt  backup=yes"   &>/dev/null  && echo  $?
0
[root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "ls  -l   /opt"  
172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:36 hahha.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 hahha.txt.8057.2020-01-28@13:36:44~

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:36 hahha.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 hahha.txt.7946.2020-01-28@13:36:44~

172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:36 hahha.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 hahha.txt.7804.2020-01-28@13:36:45~

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:36 hahha.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 hahha.txt.7835.2020-01-28@13:36:44~

[root@manager ~]#

 

 

 

 

 

 

显示刚刚传输的文件内容

[root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "cat  /opt/hahha.txt"  
172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
hahhahah
wuwuwuwu
hahhahah
wuwuwuwu
hahhahah
xixixixi
hahhahah
hehehehe

172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
hahhahah
wuwuwuwu
hahhahah
wuwuwuwu
hahhahah
xixixixi
hahhahah
hehehehe

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
hahhahah
wuwuwuwu
hahhahah
wuwuwuwu
hahhahah
xixixixi
hahhahah
hehehehe

172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
hahhahah
wuwuwuwu
hahhahah
wuwuwuwu
hahhahah
xixixixi
hahhahah
hehehehe

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

显示全部传输的文件内容

[root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "cat  /opt/hahha.txt*"  
172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
hahhahah
wuwuwuwu
hahhahah
wuwuwuwu
hahhahah
xixixixi
hahhahah
hehehehe
hahhahah
hahhahah
hahhahah
hahhahah

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
hahhahah
wuwuwuwu
hahhahah
wuwuwuwu
hahhahah
xixixixi
hahhahah
hehehehe
hahhahah
hahhahah
hahhahah
hahhahah

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
hahhahah
wuwuwuwu
hahhahah
wuwuwuwu
hahhahah
xixixixi
hahhahah
hehehehe
hahhahah
hahhahah
hahhahah
hahhahah

172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
hahhahah
wuwuwuwu
hahhahah
wuwuwuwu
hahhahah
xixixixi
hahhahah
hehehehe
hahhahah
hahhahah
hahhahah
hahhahah

 

 

 

 

 

[root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "diff   /opt/*"  
172.16.1.8 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
2d1
< wuwuwuwu
4d2
< wuwuwuwu
6d3
< xixixixi
8d4
< hehehehenon-zero return code

172.16.1.31 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
2d1
< wuwuwuwu
4d2
< wuwuwuwu
6d3
< xixixixi
8d4
< hehehehenon-zero return code

172.16.1.41 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
2d1
< wuwuwuwu
4d2
< wuwuwuwu
6d3
< xixixixi
8d4
< hehehehenon-zero return code

172.16.1.7 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
2d1
< wuwuwuwu
4d2
< wuwuwuwu
6d3
< xixixixi
8d4
< hehehehenon-zero return code

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

再次对同名文件进行远程传输，传输到受控端不进行备份

注意文件内容和属性没有变化，包括修改时间

[root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    copy    -a  "src=/tmp/hahha.txt  dest=/opt"   &>/dev/null  && echo  $?
0
[root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -m    copy    -a  "ls  -l  /opt/hahha.txt"  
ERROR! this task ‘copy‘ has extra params, which is only allowed in the following modules: shell, win_shell, include_vars, add_host, raw, include_role, meta, set_fact, include, import_tasks, script, import_role, include_tasks, group_by, command, win_command
[root@manager ~]# ansible  client   -a  "ls  -l  /opt/hahha.txt"  
172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:36 /opt/hahha.txt

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:36 /opt/hahha.txt

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:36 /opt/hahha.txt

172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:36 /opt/hahha.txt

[root@manager ~]#

 

 

 

 

[root@manager ~]# ansible  client   -a  "date"  
172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Tue Jan 28 14:15:11 CST 2020

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Tue Jan 28 14:15:11 CST 2020

172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Tue Jan 28 14:15:11 CST 2020

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Tue Jan 28 14:15:11 CST 2020

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

对文件内容进行修改，再次对同名文件进行远程传输，传输到受控端不进行备份

[root@manager ~]# cat    /tmp/hahha.txt 
AAAAAAAAA
BBBBBBBBB
CCCCCCCCC
DDDDDDDDD
EEEEEEEEE
FFFFFFFFF
[root@manager ~]# ll   /tmp/hahha.txt 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 60 Jan 28 14:17 /tmp/hahha.txt

 

 

 

 

 

 

[root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -m  shell  -a  "ls  -l  /opt/hahha.txt*"  
172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:36 /opt/hahha.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 /opt/hahha.txt.7804.2020-01-28@13:36:45~

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:36 /opt/hahha.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 /opt/hahha.txt.7835.2020-01-28@13:36:44~

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:36 /opt/hahha.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 /opt/hahha.txt.7946.2020-01-28@13:36:44~

172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:36 /opt/hahha.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 /opt/hahha.txt.8057.2020-01-28@13:36:44~

 

 

 

 

 

 

同名文件内容被覆盖了

[root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    copy    -a  "src=/tmp/hahha.txt  dest=/opt"   &>/dev/null  && echo  $?
0
[root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -m  shell  -a  "ls  -l  /opt/hahha.txt*"  
172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 60 Jan 28 14:19 /opt/hahha.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 /opt/hahha.txt.7946.2020-01-28@13:36:44~

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 60 Jan 28 14:19 /opt/hahha.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 /opt/hahha.txt.7835.2020-01-28@13:36:44~

172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 60 Jan 28 14:19 /opt/hahha.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 /opt/hahha.txt.7804.2020-01-28@13:36:45~

172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 60 Jan 28 14:19 /opt/hahha.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 /opt/hahha.txt.8057.2020-01-28@13:36:44~

 

 

 

 

 

[root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -a  "cat  /opt/hahha.txt"  
172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
AAAAAAAAA
BBBBBBBBB
CCCCCCCCC
DDDDDDDDD
EEEEEEEEE
FFFFFFFFF

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
AAAAAAAAA
BBBBBBBBB
CCCCCCCCC
DDDDDDDDD
EEEEEEEEE
FFFFFFFFF

172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
AAAAAAAAA
BBBBBBBBB
CCCCCCCCC
DDDDDDDDD
EEEEEEEEE
FFFFFFFFF

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
AAAAAAAAA
BBBBBBBBB
CCCCCCCCC
DDDDDDDDD
EEEEEEEEE
FFFFFFFFF

 

 

 

 

 

 

mode: 批量分发文件时, 修改文件权限信息

[root@manager ~]# ll  /tmp/hahha.txt 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:29 /tmp/hahha.txt
[root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -m  copy  -a  "src=/tmp/hahha.txt  dest=/tmp  mode=400"  &>/dev/null  &&  echo  $?
0
[root@manager ~]#

 

 

 

 

[root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "ls  -l  /tmp/hahha.txt"  
172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-r-------- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt

172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-r-------- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-r-------- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-r-------- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

owner: 批量分发文件时, 修改文件属主信息

 

注意此属主为受控端的属主，管理端的无效

[root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "id  zhao"  
172.16.1.8 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
id: zhao: no such usernon-zero return code

172.16.1.41 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
id: zhao: no such usernon-zero return code

172.16.1.7 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
id: zhao: no such usernon-zero return code

172.16.1.31 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
id: zhao: no such usernon-zero return code

[root@manager ~]# id  zhao
uid=1040(zhao) gid=1040(zhao) groups=1040(zhao)

[root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "ls  -l  /tmp/hahha.txt"  
172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-r-------- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-r-------- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt

172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-r-------- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-r-------- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt

 

 

 

 

 

属主不变

[root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -m  copy  -a  "src=/tmp/hahha.txt  dest=/tmp  owner=zhao"  &>/dev/null  &&  echo  $?
[root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "ls  -l  /tmp/hahha.txt"  
172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-r-------- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-r-------- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt

172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-r-------- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-r-------- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

在受控端创建要修改的属主

[root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "id  zhao"  
172.16.1.31 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
id: zhao: no such usernon-zero return code

172.16.1.8 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
id: zhao: no such usernon-zero return code

172.16.1.41 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
id: zhao: no such usernon-zero return code

172.16.1.7 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
id: zhao: no such usernon-zero return code

[root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "useradd  zhao"  
172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>


[root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "id  zhao"  
172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
uid=2004(zhao) gid=2004(zhao) groups=2004(zhao)

172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
uid=2003(zhao) gid=2004(zhao) groups=2004(zhao)

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
uid=1022(zhao) gid=1022(zhao) groups=1022(zhao)

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
uid=2003(zhao) gid=2004(zhao) groups=2004(zhao)

[root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "tail  -1  /etc/passwd"   
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
zhao:x:2003:2004::/home/zhao:/bin/bash

172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
zhao:x:2004:2004::/home/zhao:/bin/bash

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
zhao:x:1022:1022::/home/zhao:/bin/bash

172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
zhao:x:2003:2004::/home/zhao:/bin/bash

 

 

 

 

 

为了排除影响因素，把管理端相同的属主删除

[root@manager ~]# id  zhao
uid=1040(zhao) gid=1040(zhao) groups=1040(zhao)
[root@manager ~]# tail  -1  /etc/passwd
test:x:2002:2003::/home/test:/bin/bash
[root@manager ~]# userdel  -r  zhao
[root@manager ~]# id  zhao
id: zhao: no such user

 

 

 

 

 

 

成功修改属主

[root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -m  copy  -a  "src=/tmp/hahha.txt  dest=/tmp  owner=zhao"  &>/dev/null  &&  echo  $?
0
[root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "ls  -l  /tmp/hahha.txt"  
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-r-------- 1 zhao root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-r-------- 1 zhao root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt

172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-r-------- 1 zhao root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt

172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-r-------- 1 zhao root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

group: 批量分发文件时, 修改文件属组信息

[root@manager ~]# id  zhao
id: zhao: no such user
[root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "id  zhao"  
172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
uid=1022(zhao) gid=1022(zhao) groups=1022(zhao)

172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
uid=2004(zhao) gid=2004(zhao) groups=2004(zhao)

172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
uid=2003(zhao) gid=2004(zhao) groups=2004(zhao)

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
uid=2003(zhao) gid=2004(zhao) groups=2004(zhao)

[root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -m  copy  -a  "src=/tmp/hahha.txt  dest=/tmp  group=zhao"  &>/dev/null  &&  echo  $?
0

 

 

 

 

 

 

成功修改属组

[root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "ls  -l  /tmp/hahha.txt"  
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-r-------- 1 zhao zhao 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-r-------- 1 zhao zhao 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt

172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-r-------- 1 zhao zhao 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt

172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-r-------- 1 zhao zhao 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

content：在受控端机器创建文件, 填写内容

 

受控端和管理端都没有此文件

[root@manager ~]# ls  /tmp/wuwu.txt
ls: cannot access /tmp/wuwu.txt: No such file or directory
[root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -a  "ls  /tmp/wuwu.txt"
172.16.1.31 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
ls: cannot access /tmp/wuwu.txt: No such file or directorynon-zero return code

172.16.1.8 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
ls: cannot access /tmp/wuwu.txt: No such file or directorynon-zero return code

172.16.1.7 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
ls: cannot access /tmp/wuwu.txt: No such file or directorynon-zero return code

172.16.1.41 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
ls: cannot access /tmp/wuwu.txt: No such file or directorynon-zero return code

 

 

 

 

 

受控端自动创建了文件

[root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -m  copy  -a  "content=‘happy happy happy‘ dest=/tmp/wuwu.txt"  &>/dev/null  &&  echo  $?
0
[root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -a  "ls  -l  /tmp/wuwu.txt"
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17 Jan 28 14:09 /tmp/wuwu.txt

172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17 Jan 28 14:09 /tmp/wuwu.txt

172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17 Jan 28 14:09 /tmp/wuwu.txt

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17 Jan 28 14:09 /tmp/wuwu.txt

[root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -a  "date"
172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Tue Jan 28 14:10:22 CST 2020

172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Tue Jan 28 14:10:22 CST 2020

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Tue Jan 28 14:10:22 CST 2020

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Tue Jan 28 14:10:22 CST 2020

 

 

 

 

 

查看文件内容

[root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -a  "cat  /tmp/wuwu.txt"
172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
happy happy happy

172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
happy happy happy

172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
happy happy happy

172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
happy happy happy

 

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