继承 extends
子版只能继承一个父模板
1.父模板 master.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>{% block title %} {% endblock %}</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/common.css"> <style> .pg-header{ height: 50px; background-color: red; color:blue } {% block css %} {% endblock %} </style> </head> <body> <div class="pg-header">小男孩管理</div> {% block content %} {% endblock %} <div class="pg-footer"></div> <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script> {% block js %} {% endblock %} </body> </html>
2.子版继承方法
{% extends ‘master.html‘ %} #引用母版 {% block title %}用户管理{% endblock %} {% block content %} <h1>用户管理</h1> <ul> {% for i in u %} <li>{{ i }}</li> {% endfor %} </ul> {% endblock %} {% block css %} <style> body{ background-color: black; } </style> {% endblock %} {% block js %} <script> </script> {% endblock %}
导入定制的组件 include
创建tag.html
在index.html中导入tag.html，可以导入很多个
{% include ‘tag.html‘ %}
tag.html
form> <input type="text" name="user"/> <input type="submit" value="提交"/> </form>
index.html
{# 指定继承的模板 #} {% extends ‘master.html‘ %} {# 指定替换的位置 #} {% block title %} tp1 {% endblock %} {# 指定替换的位置 #} {% block content %} <p>tp1</p> {# 导入单独组件 #} {% include ‘tag.html‘ %} {% endblock %}
simple_tag and filter
1.django默认自带方法
{{ item.event_start|date:"Y-m-d H:i:s"}} #日期格式进行转换
{{ bio|truncatewords:"30" }} #取字符串前30位
{{ my_list|first|upper }} #第一个字符大写
{{ name|lower }} #所有字符小写
2.simple_tag
第一步： 在app01下面创建templatetags（必须是这个名字）文件夹
第二步：在templatetags下面创建test1.py文件
第三步：模板中 首先在开头要先导入 {% load test1 %}
第四步： 模板中使用方法 {% 函数名 参数1 参数2 %}
test1.py
from django import template
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
# 必须是register对象
register = template.Library()
@register.simple_tag
def func(a1,a2):
return a1 + a2
index.py
{% load test1 %} <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> {{ name }} {{ name|lower }} {% func 2 5 %} </body> </html>
3.filter
test1.py
from django import template
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
# 必须是register对象
register = template.Library()
@register.simple_tag
def func(a1,a2):
return a1 + a2
@register.filter()
def func1(b1,b2):
return b1 + b2
index.py
{% load test1 %} <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> {{ name }} {{ name|lower }} {# simpletag#} {% func 2 5 %} {# filter#} {{ ‘zhang‘|func1:‘derek‘ }} </body> </html>
总结：
simple:
优点：参数任意
缺点：不能作为if条件
filter
优点：最多两个参数
缺点：可以作为if条件
分页
1.简单分页
涉及xss攻击，需要用到mark_safe方法，使用此方法字符串传输到后端后，已html形式显示，而非字符串
HTML文件
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <style> .pagination .page{ display: inline-block; padding: 5px; background-color: cyan; margin: 5px; } .pagination .page.active{ background-color: brown; color: white; } </style> </head> <body> <ul> {% for item in li %} <li>{{ item }}</li> {% endfor %} </ul> <div class="pagination"> {{ page_str }} </div> </body> </html>
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse from django.core.handlers.wsgi import WSGIRequest from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe LIST = [] for i in range(109): LIST.append(i) from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe def user_list(request): current_page = request.GET.get(‘p‘,1) current_page = int(current_page) start = (current_page-1)*10 end = current_page*10 data = LIST[start:end] all_count = len(LIST) count,y = divmod(all_count,10) if y : count +=1 page_list = [] for i in range(1,count+1): if i == current_page: temp = ‘<a class="page active" href="/user_list/?p=%s">%s</a>‘%(i,i) else: temp = ‘<a class="page" href="/user_list/?p=%s">%s</a>‘%(i,i) page_list.append(temp) page_str = mark_safe(‘‘.join(page_list)) return render(request,‘user_list.html‘,{‘li‘:data,‘page_str‘:page_str})
浏览器访问地址
浏览器访问地址：http://127.0.0.1:8000/user_list/?p=3
2.增加功能
分页数进行定制，添加上一页、下一页，增加跳转功能，实现分页的完整功能
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <style> .pagination .page{ display: inline-block; padding: 5px; background-color: cyan; margin: 5px; } .pagination .page.active{ background-color: brown; color: white; } </style> </head> <body> <ul> {% for item in li %} <li>{{ item }}</li> {% endfor %} </ul> <div class="pagination"> {{ page_str }} </div> </body> </html> user_list.html
views.py
LIST = [] for i in range(199): LIST.append(i) from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe def user_list(request): current_page = request.GET.get(‘p‘,1) current_page = int(current_page) start = (current_page-1)*10 end = current_page*10 data = LIST[start:end] all_count = len(LIST) total_count,y = divmod(all_count,10) if y : total_count +=1 pager_num = 11 #页码数 page_list = [] if total_count < pager_num : #总页面小于页码数 start_index = 1 end_index = total_count + 1 else: if current_page <= pager_num/2: #开头 start_index = 1 end_index = pager_num + 1 elif current_page + (pager_num-1)/2 >= total_count: #中间 start_index = total_count - (pager_num-1) end_index = total_count + 1 else: #结尾 start_index = current_page - (pager_num-1)/2 end_index = current_page + (pager_num-1)/2 + 1 # 上下页码 if current_page == 1: prev = ‘<a class="page" href="javascript:void(0)">上一页</a>‘ # 什么都不干 else: prev = ‘<a class="page" href="/user_list/?p=%s">上一页</a>‘%(current_page-1) page_list.append(prev) for i in range(int(start_index),int(end_index)): if i == current_page: temp = ‘<a class="page active" href="/user_list/?p=%s">%s</a>‘%(i,i) else: temp = ‘<a class="page" href="/user_list/?p=%s">%s</a>‘%(i,i) page_list.append(temp) if current_page == total_count: nex = ‘<a class="page" href="javascript:void(0)">下一页</a>‘ # 什么都不干 else: nex = ‘<a class="page" href="/user_list/?p=%s">下一页</a>‘%(current_page+1) page_list.append(nex) # 跳转 可以写到前端 jump = ‘‘‘ <input type="text" /><a onclick="jumpTo(this,‘/user_list/?p=‘);">GO</a> <script> function jumpTo(ths,base) { var val = ths.previousSibling.value; location.href = base + val; } </script> ‘‘‘ page_list.append(jump) page_str = mark_safe(‘‘.join(page_list)) return render(request,‘user_list.html‘,{‘li‘:data,‘page_str‘:page_str})
3.优化完善
页码代码跟业务代码分开，创建class类，然后views导入进去
app01下面创建 utils文件夹，里面创建pagination.py
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <style> .pagination .page{ display: inline-block; padding: 5px; background-color: cyan; margin: 5px; } .pagination .page.active{ background-color: brown; color: white; } </style> </head> <body> <ul> {% for item in li %} <li>{{ item }}</li> {% endfor %} </ul> <div class="pagination"> {{ page_str }} </div> </body> </html> user_list.html
views.py
LIST = [] for i in range(199): LIST.append(i) class Page: def __init__(self, current_page, data_count, per_page_count=10, pager_num=7): self.current_page = current_page self.data_count = data_count self.per_page_count = per_page_count self.pager_num = pager_num @property def start(self): return (self.current_page - 1) * self.per_page_count @property def end(self): return self.current_page * self.per_page_count @property def total_count(self): v, y = divmod(self.data_count, self.per_page_count) if y: v += 1 return v def page_str(self, base_url): page_list = [] if self.total_count < self.pager_num: start_index = 1 end_index = self.total_count + 1 else: if self.current_page <= (self.pager_num + 1) / 2: start_index = 1 end_index = self.pager_num + 1 else: start_index = self.current_page - (self.pager_num - 1) / 2 end_index = self.current_page + (self.pager_num + 1) / 2 if (self.current_page + (self.pager_num - 1) / 2) > self.total_count: end_index = self.total_count + 1 start_index = self.total_count - self.pager_num + 1 if self.current_page == 1: prev = ‘<a class="page" href="javascript:void(0);">上一页</a>‘ else: prev = ‘<a class="page" href="%s?p=%s">上一页</a>‘ % (base_url, self.current_page - 1,) page_list.append(prev) for i in range(int(start_index), int(end_index)): if i == self.current_page: temp = ‘<a class="page active" href="%s?p=%s">%s</a>‘ % (base_url, i, i) else: temp = ‘<a class="page" href="%s?p=%s">%s</a>‘ % (base_url, i, i) page_list.append(temp) if self.current_page == self.total_count: nex = ‘<a class="page" href="javascript:void(0);">下一页</a>‘ else: nex = ‘<a class="page" href="%s?p=%s">下一页</a>‘ % (base_url, self.current_page + 1,) page_list.append(nex) jump = """ <input type=‘text‘ /><a onclick=‘jumpTo(this, "%s?p=");‘>GO</a> <script> function jumpTo(ths,base){ var val = ths.previousSibling.value; location.href = base + val; } </script> """ % (base_url,) page_list.append(jump) page_str = mark_safe("".join(page_list)) return page_str from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe def user_list(request): current_page = request.GET.get(‘p‘, 1) current_page = int(current_page) page_obj = Page(current_page,len(LIST)) data = LIST[page_obj.start:page_obj.end] page_str = page_obj.page_str("/user_list/") return render(request, ‘user_list.html‘, {‘li‘: data,‘page_str‘: page_str})