递归下降语法分析

Posted 2020-11-23 lzhdonald

一、实验目的：

利用C语言编制递归下降分析程序,并对简单语言进行语法分析。

编制一个递归下降分析程序,实现对词法分析程序所提供的单词序列的语法检查和结构分析。

 

二、实验原理

每个非终结符都对应一个子程序。

该子程序根据下一个输入符号(SELECT集)来确定按照哪一个产生式进行处理，再根据该产生式的右端:

• 每遇到一个终结符，则判断当前读入的单词是否与该终结符相匹配，若匹配，再读取下一个单词继续分析；不匹配，则进行出错处理
• 每遇到一个非终结符，则调用相应的子程序

 

三、实验要求说明

输入单词串，以“＃”结束，如果是文法正确的句子，则输出成功信息，打印“success”,否则输出“error”，并指出语法错误的类型及位置。

例如：

输入begin a:=9;x:=2*3;b:=a+x end #

输出success

输入x:=a+b*c  end #

输出‘end‘ error

 

四、实验步骤

1．待分析的语言的语法（参考P90）

2．将其改为文法表示，至少包含

–语句

–条件

–表达式

3. 消除其左递归

4. 提取公共左因子

5. SELECT集计算

6. LL(1)文法判断

7. 递归下降分析程序

各种单词符号对应的种别码

单词符号	种别码	单词符号	种别码
begin	1	:	17
if	2	:=	18
then	3	<	20
while	4	<>	21
do	5	<=	22
end	6	>	23
letter(letter+digit)*	10	>=	24
digit*	11	=	25
+	13	:	26
-	14	(	27
*	15	)	28
/	16	#	0

#include<stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>

//程序段  单词 
char prog[800], dc[8];
//单词中的字符 
char ch;
//单词符号种别码
int syn, p, m = 0;
//整数sum 
int n, sum = 0;
//保留字 
char *word[6] = { "begin","if","then","while","do","end" };
//判断是否有错误 
int kk = 0;

void scaner();
void lrparser();
void yucu();
void statement();
void condition();
void expression();
void term();
void factor();

void scaner() {
	m = 0;
	for (n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
		dc[n] = NULL;
	}
	ch = prog[p++];

	while (ch == ‘ ‘) {
		ch = prog[p];
		//指针+1往后移一位
		p++;
	}

	//判断输入是否位数字或字母
	if ((ch >= ‘a‘&&ch <= ‘z‘) || (ch >= ‘A‘&&ch <= ‘Z‘)) {
		m = 0;
		while ((ch >= ‘0‘&&ch <= ‘9‘) || (ch >= ‘a‘&&ch <= ‘z‘) || (ch >= ‘A‘&&ch <= ‘Z‘)) {
			dc[m++] = ch;
			ch = prog[p++];
		}
		p--;
		syn = 10;
		//保留字 
		for (n = 0; n < 6; n++) {
			if (strcmp(dc, word[n]) == 0) {
				syn = n + 1;
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	//数字 
	else if ((ch >= ‘0‘&&ch <= ‘9‘)) {
		sum = 0;
		while ((ch >= ‘0‘&&ch <= ‘9‘)) {
			sum = sum * 10 + ch - ‘0‘;
			ch = prog[p++];
		}
		p--;
		syn = 11;
	}
	else {
		switch (ch) {
		case ‘<‘:m = 0;
			dc[m++] = ch;
			ch = prog[p++];
			if (ch == ‘>‘) {
				syn = 22;
				dc[m++] = ch;
			}
			else if (ch == ‘=‘) {
				syn = 21;
				dc[m++] = ch;
			}
			else {
				syn = 20;
				p--;
			}
			break;
		case ‘>‘:m = 0;
			dc[m++] = ch;
			ch = prog[p++];
			if (ch == ‘=‘) {
				syn = 24;
				dc[m++] = ch;
			}
			else {
				syn = 23;
				p--;
			}
			break;
		case ‘:‘:m = 0;
			dc[m++] = ch;
			ch = prog[p++];
			if (ch == ‘=‘) {
				syn = 18;
				dc[m++] = ch;
			}
			else {
				syn = 17;
				p--;
			}
			break;
		case ‘*‘:
			syn = 15; 
			dc[0] = ch; 
			break;
		case ‘/‘:
			syn = 16; 
			dc[0] = ch; 
			break;
		case ‘+‘:
			syn = 13; 
			dc[0] = ch; 
			break;
		case ‘-‘:
			syn = 14; 
			dc[0] = ch; 
			break;
		case ‘=‘:
			syn = 25; 
			dc[0] = ch; 
			break;
		case ‘;‘:
			syn = 26; 
			dc[0] = ch; 
			break;
		case ‘(‘:
			syn = 27; 
			dc[0] = ch;
			break;
		case ‘)‘:
			syn = 28; 
			dc[0] = ch; 
			break;
		case ‘#‘:
			syn = 0; 
			dc[0] = ch;
			break;
		case ‘
‘:
			syn = -2; 
			dc[0] = ch; 
			break;
		}
	}
}

//判断是否以begin开始,end #结束 
void lrparser() {
	//begin
	if (syn == 1) {
		scaner();
		yucu();
		//end
		if (syn == 6) {
			scaner();
			if (syn == 0 && kk == 0) {
				printf("success 
");
			}
		}
		else {
			printf("编译出错，缺少 ‘end‘ ! 
");
			kk = 1;
			exit(0);
		}
	}
	else {
		printf("编译出错缺少 ‘begin‘ ! 
");
		kk = 1;
		exit(0);
	}
	return;
}

//语句串 
void yucu() {
	statement();
	while (syn == 26) {
		scaner();
		statement();
	}
	return;
}
//语句 
void statement() {
	//为标识符
	if (syn == 10) {
		scaner();
		if (syn == 18) { //:=
			scaner();
			expression();
		}
		else {
			printf("error!");
			kk = 1;
			exit(0);
		}
	}
	else if (syn == 2) {  //if 
		condition();
		scaner();
		if (syn == 3) {
			statement();
		}
		else {
			printf("编译出错缺少 ‘then‘ ! 
");
			kk = 1;
			exit(0);
		}
	}
	else {
		printf("error!");
		kk = 1;
		exit(0);
	}

	return;
}
//条件
void condition() {
	expression();
	if (syn == 25 || syn == 0 || syn == 20 || syn == 21 || syn == 23 || syn == 24) {
		scaner();
	}
	else {
		printf("error! 
");
		kk = 1;
		exit(0);
	}
	expression();
	return;
}
//表达式 
void expression() {
	term();
	while (syn == 13 || syn == 14) {
		scaner();
		term();
	}
	return;
}
//项 
void term() {
	factor();
	while (syn == 15 || syn == 16) {
		scaner();
		factor();
	}
	return;
}
//因子 
void factor() {
	if (syn == 10 || syn == 11) {
		//为标识符或整常数时，读下一个单词符号
		scaner();
	}
	else if (syn == 27) {
		scaner();
		expression();
		if (syn == 28) {
			scaner();
		}
		else {
			printf(" ‘)‘ 错误
");
			kk = 1;
			exit(0);
		}
	}
	else {
		printf("表达式错误
");
		kk = 1;
		exit(0);
	}
	return;
}
int main(void) {
	
	//从0开始逐个读取
	p = 0;
	int i;
	printf("请输入源程序:
");
	do {
		scanf("%c", &ch);
		prog[p++] = ch;
	} while (ch != ‘#‘);
	//指针从0开始 
	p = 0;
	do {
		scaner();
		lrparser();
	} while (syn != 0);
	printf("语法分析结束！
");

}

运行结果